綠色物流系統(tǒng)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策的文獻(xiàn)綜述+英文文獻(xiàn)

蘇州大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）文獻(xiàn)綜述引言：物流自從1979年被我國引入，已得到很大的發(fā)展，但與此同時(shí)，物流活動(dòng)也對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了極大的影響和破壞。因此，近年來我們一直普及和提倡綠色物流這一嶄新的概念。所以，收集涉及到綠色物流的相關(guān)學(xué)識(shí)水平較高的論文，進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)文章所述的內(nèi)容、問題、方法及其意義。一、 綠色物流的相關(guān)內(nèi)容分析劉輝在我國綠色物流發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其路徑初探中提出，綠色物流也稱環(huán)保物流 是指在物流過程中抑制物流對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害的同時(shí)， 實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)物流環(huán)境的凈化， 使物流資源得到最充分利用。 隨著環(huán)境資源惡化程度的加深， 人類生存和發(fā)展的威脅越大， 因此人們對(duì)環(huán)境的利用和環(huán)境的保護(hù)越來越重視?，F(xiàn)代物流的發(fā)展必須優(yōu)先考慮環(huán)境問題，需要從環(huán)境角度對(duì)物流體系進(jìn)行改進(jìn)， 即需要建立一種既維護(hù)全球環(huán)境和可持續(xù)發(fā)展， 改變?cè)瓉淼纳a(chǎn)發(fā)展與物流，現(xiàn)代綠色物流管理強(qiáng)調(diào)了全局和長遠(yuǎn)的利益， 強(qiáng)調(diào)全方位對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注， 體現(xiàn)了企業(yè)綠色形象，是一種新的物流管理趨勢(shì)! 在當(dāng)前的國際國內(nèi)形勢(shì)下，建立與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)和我國社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)的現(xiàn)代綠色物流體系， 提倡高效節(jié)能，綠色環(huán)保的物流活動(dòng)，是十分必要而且有重大意義的! 我國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物流術(shù)語中的“綠色物流”，是指在物流過程中抑制對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害的同時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)物流環(huán)境的進(jìn)化，使物流資源得到充分利用。謝泗薪，呂靜（2009）認(rèn)為它通過先進(jìn)的物流技術(shù)和面向環(huán)境管理的理念，以降低污染物排放，減少資源消耗為目標(biāo)，是一中融合了環(huán)境保護(hù)觀念的物流決策模式。王靜（2009）認(rèn)為綠色物流主要內(nèi)容包括：企業(yè)的物流活動(dòng)和社會(huì)對(duì)綠色物流活動(dòng)的管理、規(guī)范和控制；各個(gè)單項(xiàng)的綠色物流企業(yè)，如綠色運(yùn)輸、綠色倉儲(chǔ)、綠色包裝、綠色流通加工等；還包括為實(shí)現(xiàn)資源再利用而進(jìn)行的廢棄物循環(huán)物流。林敬松在綠色物流現(xiàn)代企業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇 中指出：現(xiàn)代物流活動(dòng)是由實(shí)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)、商品空間移動(dòng)的輸送、時(shí)間移動(dòng)的保管、流通加工、包裝、裝卸等元素構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)代物流活動(dòng)中的各個(gè)元素都在不同程度上因存在非綠色因素而對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染。二、 中國發(fā)展綠色物流的必要性鄭文生在關(guān)于綠色物流管理的若干思考中提出：物流是介于生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，包括運(yùn)輸、保管、裝卸、配送、流通加工、物流信息處理等多項(xiàng)基本活動(dòng)。馬天山在現(xiàn)代物流基礎(chǔ)中說過，綠色物流是指為了實(shí)現(xiàn)顧客滿意，連接綠色供給主體和綠色需求主體，克服空間和時(shí)間阻礙的有效、快速的綠色商品和服務(wù)流動(dòng)的綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)管理活動(dòng)過程?，F(xiàn)代綠色物流強(qiáng)調(diào)了全方位對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注，體現(xiàn)了企業(yè)的綠色形象，是一種全新的物流形態(tài)。1.綠色物流是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略指社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展必須同自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境相適應(yīng)， 可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略同樣適用于物流企業(yè)，它要求企業(yè)將其經(jīng)營活動(dòng)與自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。因此，物流企業(yè)必須樹立綠色觀念從事綠色經(jīng)營，做到物流與環(huán)境共生。綠色物流的建立,更有利于全面滿足人民不斷提高的物質(zhì)和文化生活的需要。物流作為生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的中介,是滿足人民物質(zhì)和文化生活的基本環(huán)節(jié)。而綠色物流則是伴隨著人民生活需求的進(jìn)一步提高,尤其是綠色消費(fèi)的提出應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的。2.綠色物流有利于物流企業(yè)取得新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。日益嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問題和日趨嚴(yán)格的環(huán)保法規(guī)，使企業(yè)必須積極建立完善綠色物流體系，綠色物流不僅是一般物流成本的降低，更重視的是綠色化和由此帶來的節(jié)能、高效、少污染。隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念不斷的深入人心，消費(fèi)者越來越關(guān)注企業(yè)是否具有社會(huì)責(zé)任感，即企業(yè)是否節(jié)約利用資源、企業(yè)是否對(duì)廢舊產(chǎn)品的原料進(jìn)行回收、企業(yè)是否注重環(huán)境保護(hù)等等，這些都成為決定企業(yè)形象與聲譽(yù)的重要因素，通過綠色物流來追求高于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。綠色物流是最大限度降低經(jīng)營成本的必由之路。當(dāng)前的物流基本上還是高投入于大物流、低投入小于物流的運(yùn)行模式; 而綠色物流強(qiáng)調(diào)的是低投入大物流的方式。顯而易見, 綠色物流不僅限于一般物流的節(jié)約和低成本,更重視的是綠色化和由此帶來的節(jié)約和降低成本,更重視的是綠色化和由此帶來的節(jié)能高效少污染,它對(duì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營成本的節(jié)省可以說是無可估量的。3.綠色物流是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的需要。陳柳欽在物流管理新趨勢(shì)中指出：目前，世界各國都把綠色物流作為物流業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)，積極開展綠色環(huán)保物流的專項(xiàng)技術(shù)研究，促進(jìn)新材料的廣泛應(yīng)用和開發(fā)，進(jìn)行回收物流的理論和實(shí)踐研討，積極出臺(tái)相應(yīng)的綠色物流政策和法規(guī)，努力為物流綠色化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。同發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，我國存在多方面的差距，這也正是我國綠色物流發(fā)展的障礙。三、 綠色物流有利于提高企業(yè)形象和取得新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)綠色物流有利于提高企業(yè)形象和取得新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)綠色物流有利于提高企業(yè)形象和取得新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)綠色物流有利于提高企業(yè)形象和取得新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。 鄭桂軍（2009）認(rèn)為企業(yè)在追求利潤的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)該注重環(huán)保，盡量減少或避免物流活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的危害，從而樹立良好的企業(yè)形象。同時(shí)，綠色物流的實(shí)施在一定程度上也有利于增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，能夠增強(qiáng)品牌的使用價(jià)值，大打綠色品牌，總結(jié)通過學(xué)習(xí)了類似相關(guān)于綠色物流系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策當(dāng)今學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域較高水準(zhǔn)的論文。（包括“綠色物流的產(chǎn)生背景、綠色物流的理論基礎(chǔ)、綠色物流的概念、 綠色物流的特點(diǎn)、綠色物流的內(nèi)涵、我國發(fā)展綠色物流存在的問題和障礙、我國發(fā)展綠色物流的必要性、我國發(fā)展綠色物流的對(duì)策戰(zhàn)略等等）。從中了解到，綠色物流是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然的要求，對(duì)提高社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類生活水平有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。我國發(fā)展綠色物流必須要求政府、企業(yè)、社會(huì)共同努力。同時(shí)，綠色物流符合時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求和人類生存發(fā)展的利益，因而必然成為21世紀(jì)物流管理發(fā)展的方向和趨勢(shì)。目前我國綠色物流的發(fā)展才剛起步，存在很多問題。要使我國綠色物流快速發(fā)展還需要政府、企業(yè)、消費(fèi)者的共同努力，任務(wù)艱巨。盡管我國在發(fā)展綠色物流方面存在許多障礙，但從其社會(huì)責(zé)任及可以帶來的積極作用方面考慮，我們應(yīng)該努力發(fā)展綠色物流，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，強(qiáng)調(diào)物流活動(dòng)過程中要注重減少對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，充分利用有限的資源發(fā)揮最大的效用。我國現(xiàn)階段發(fā)展綠色物流的主要問題是：落后的思想觀念、物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不夠完善、相關(guān)物流專業(yè)人才缺乏、相關(guān)政策體制法規(guī)不健全等等。我國發(fā)展綠色物流是順應(yīng)時(shí)代的潮流，也是我國在未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境發(fā)展中的必經(jīng)之路，所以發(fā)展我國綠色物流迫在眉睫。對(duì)于我國發(fā)展綠色物流我認(rèn)為主要從以下幾方面進(jìn)行著手努力： 政府引導(dǎo)u 政府應(yīng)當(dāng)制定并不斷完善相應(yīng)的規(guī)章制度u 政府大力培養(yǎng)專業(yè)的綠色物流管理人才u 政府?dāng)U大建設(shè)綠色物流的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 企業(yè)貫徹u 綠色運(yùn)輸策略u(píng) 綠色流通加工u 綠色包裝管理u 綠色廢棄物物流管理u 生產(chǎn)綠色物流運(yùn)輸工具u 開展綠色營銷 民間落實(shí)u 學(xué)習(xí)綠色環(huán)保知識(shí)的重要性u(píng) 綠色環(huán)保從我做起從國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)綠色物流系統(tǒng)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策的研究來看，雖然設(shè)計(jì)的范圍很全面也很廣泛，但每個(gè)人都是從單方面進(jìn)行研究，例如、有的只是介紹了綠色物流的情況和知識(shí)、 有的只是介紹了綠色物流實(shí)施過程的問題，有的只是羅列了企業(yè)應(yīng)該如何實(shí)施綠色物流。我認(rèn)為我國的綠色物流至今還停留在觀念的水平上，離具體的實(shí)施還有相當(dāng)長遠(yuǎn)的距離，而和國外的情況相比，更是存在著明顯的差距。在這些學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)上，我將會(huì)歸納與總結(jié)。取其精華，綜合起來，進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充。文章將會(huì)進(jìn)一步的先說明綠色物流的相關(guān)理論知識(shí)概念，結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策，學(xué)習(xí)國外的先進(jìn)理念，為我國今后發(fā)展綠色物流做出必要的結(jié)論。參考文獻(xiàn)1 陳柳欽，環(huán)保：物流管理新趨勢(shì)，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)信息，2002（15）；2 謝泗薪，呂靜綠色物流；物流企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略選擇J現(xiàn)代物流，2009 （8）：55-573 王靜，基于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的綠色物流發(fā)展研究J經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，2008（12）：40-424 馬天山.現(xiàn)代物流基礎(chǔ)M北京.人民交通出版社.2005.15 鄭文生.關(guān)于綠色物流管理的若干思考.中國資源綜合利用，2003,(9):286 鄭桂軍“兩型社會(huì)”綠色物流意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)J企業(yè)家天地，2009（11）：128-1297 林敬松 對(duì)發(fā)展綠色物流的思考， 物流,2008 ,(8)2012 International Conference on Applied Physics and Industrial EngineeringGreen Packaging Management of Logistics EnterprisesGuirong Zhang ,Zongjian Zhaoba Shandong Jiao tong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaChangan University,xian, Shanxi, ChinaAbstractFrom the connotation of green logistics management, we discuss the principles of green packaging, and from the two levels of government and enterprises, we put forward a specific management strategy. The management of green packaging can be directly and indirectly promoted by laws, regulations, taxation, institutional and other measures. The government can also promote new investment to the development of green packaging materials, and establish specialized institutions to identify new packaging materials, standardization of packaging must also be accomplished through the power of the government. Business units of large scale through the packaging and container-based to reduce the use of packaging materials, develop and use green packaging materials and easy recycling packaging materials for proper packaging. Keywords : logistics, green Packaging, logistics management, green logistics1. IntroductionShortage of resources in society today, the resources available for human use has become increasingly scarce. To packaging, for example, most packaging products are single-use, and turn to waste after use, and the product life cycle of them are very short, so consuming large amount of resources consumed, in the same time, the ecological environment has also been an unprecedented threat. In China , the pollution caused by packaging waste has become the fourth-largest source of pollution, only followed to water pollution, lake and ocean pollution and air pollution. The development of green packaging, protection of the ecological environment and promoting sustainable economic development have become the consensus in the worlds packaging industry in many industrialized countries.2. The content of green logistics2.1 The concept of Green Logistics Green Logistics is a logistics activity, which aimed to reduce pollution of the environment and consumption of resource, using of advanced logistics technology planning and implementation of transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing and distribution. It is an effective and efficient flow of goods that connecting the main green supply and the main green demand to overcome the obstacles between space and time and green services activities in the process of economic management, also known as environmental logistics.2.2 The contents of green logistics system Green Logistics System includes the following six aspects: green transportation, green storage and safekeeping, loading and unloading system of green, green packaging, green distribution processing, collection and management of green information.3. The negative impact of packaging3.1 Package on the consumption of resourcesThe packaings of product have different levels. Packaging that directly contact with the product is the inside packaging, usually is disposable packaging. In order to make easier for transport, storage and loading and unloading, sometimes it needs for secondary packaging or even packaging several times. There are many different types of logistics containers, such as with different materials, different structure as well, typical of such trays, containers, container bags, corrugated boxes, cans, buckets and other utensils. Both products loaded package and logistics package were needed to consume a large a mount of resources and produce large amounts of solid waste. Thus, the impact of packaging to environment is very large.3.2 Pollution generated by packaging Solid waste pollutionPacking and consumption of resources in large numbers will generate a lot of waste. From a global point of view, packaging waste generated an important component of solid waste. At present there are about 10 million tons of solid waste annual in the world, and packaging waste accounts for about the total l /3. Waste packaging materials include paper, plastic, metal, glass and other ingredients. To deal with these solid waste not only need to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but also caused serious pollution of the natural environment and threatened the survival environment of the human. Liquid and gaseous pollutionAbandoned chemical residues in bucket will flow into the nearby villages and farmland follow the rain , causing large areas of water and soil serious pollution, and even the growth of plants will be contaminated. The health of residents and living environment will be greatly affected. The spread of bacteria and pestsIn international logistics, the traditional natural packaging material may not only carry a variety of crop pests, but also carry various types of bacteria, which may spread and endanger the local forests and crops, and even affect human and livestocks safety.4. Green package4.1 The conception of green packageGreen package, can also be called “ ecological package” or “environmental friendly package”, is defined as environmental friendly package, which is completely made by natural plants, can be circle or second use, be prone to degradation and promote sustainable development, even during its whole life cycle, it is hurtless to environment as well as to human body and livestocks health. In short, green packaging is the appropriate packaging that can be reused, recycled or degradation, corruption and does not cause pollution in humans and the environment during the product life cycle.4.2 The 4R1D principles of green packaging.Green packaging is not only a package of general performance, but also with two main functions such as protecting the environment and renewable resources. The two main functions achieved by the principles of 4R1D, these are reduce, reuse, reclaim, recycle and degradable. Reduce, that is packaging reduction. For the premise packaging products to meet the protection, facilitate the logistics, sales and other functions, it try to use as little material as possible. European and American countries will develop packaging reduction as the preferred measures of package .In order to implement the measure of appropriate amount of packaging, the company should design to try and make the package of thin, lightweight, and never use packaging without the need for it.Reuse, that is repeated use of packaging. After simple treatment, the containers can be reused. Reuse of containers can significantly reduce waste volume. To use reusable containers as much as possible will enhance recycling rate of packaging waste reuse. Reclaim, also calls recyclable. Refers to the use of packaging waste combustion to obtain new energy sources, and does not produce secondary pollution. Through the recycling of packaging waste, production of renewable products, such as the use of thermal incineration, composting and other measures to improve the land condition, to achieve reuse purposes.Recycle, calls can be reused. As far as possible to use low power, low-cost, low-pollution raw materials as packaging material, in particular, the selection of recycled materials should be expanded, which can not only reduce environmental pollution but also saves raw materials, and be propitious to recycling resources, such as production of recycled paper board and plastic. Degradable, is the ultimate packaging waste that can not be reuse of, should be able to degrade, corrupt and do not form a permanent waste. For example, select biodegradable packaging materials of paper as more as possible. Take paper on the plastics place5. Green packaging management strategies5.1 Government levelGovernment should play the guiding role of the management, through the development of a series of policies and regulations or the use of economic instruments to limit or encourage manufacturers use in product designing and packaging processing behavior in order to promote green packaging.1) To promote the development and application of new packaging materials through the legislation way. The development of green packaging materials use and the development of green packaging, if there are only good wishes but not mandatory requirement for the government and regulation, are difficult to achieve the desired effect. Currently, under manufacturers and users are still relatively weak in the sense of environmental protection, to pass legislation to manage the production and the use of green packaging materials is still needs, in order to promote green packaging materials and the development of green packaging. Green packaging regulations should include environmental standards for green packaging materials, control quantity emissions of total administrative regulations, and environmental purification technologies (mainly including packaging waste recycling technology) which prevent and eliminate pollutants discharged into the environment, It should also build on the reuse system of using recycled packaging waste.2) Establish the law of the recycling or reuse. The basic characteristics of circular economy are to recycle waste resources. The key to recycle packaging waste is recycling and the key to recovery package is through legislation that requiring manufacturers and distributors take financial responsibility for recycling of packaging waste and recycling compulsory payment. In China packaging industry has rapidly developed over 20 years; many companies already have this tolerance, so the establishment of the restriction law of packaging waste has basically met the conditions. It should be the priority.3) Adopted legislation to prohibit the use of certain packaging materials. The relevant government agencies should adopt legislation that prohibiting the use of packaging materials that containing lead, mercury, tin and other components and that do not reach the required percentage of recycled.4) Establish system of storage and return. Develop a number of industry standards, providing for daily necessities, beverages such as beer, mineral water, etc, which all use reusable packaging materials. When consumers buy these goods, they should deliver a certain margin to the store, and their deposit refunded by the store when they return the container. Such a system could be further extended to other reusable packaging materials production and sales such as washing and painting.5) Full use of leverage on tax. Tax authorities give duty-free, low tax benefits or charge higher taxes to the production and use of packaging materials manufacturer based on whether all or part of its product packaging and packaging materials make use of recyclable packaging materials, to encourage use of recycled resources.6) Restrict excessive packaging. Excessive packaging is excess packaging on the function and the value. It is in the form of materials through consumption of too much, taking up too much volume, decorating with luxurious decoration to the product being packaged. Excessive packaging meets parts of consumers blind psychological satisfaction, but does not take green factors into consideration. It is not only a waste of resources but also pollution to the environment, and contrary to the concept of green packaging. Country should make legislation to limit excessive packaging from the perspective of environmental protection and consumer protection.7) Establish several of research institutions to assess packaging materials. The development of professional research organization for packaging materials is used to assess the various packaging standards, and the research system provides two optional recycling channels: The first one is that suppliers recall their packaging, and the second one is to set up an private and non-profit organization dedicated to recycling packaging. Suppliers can apply to join, and pay certain management fees to become a member. Member companies print same recyclable symbol on the packaging. Recycled logo printed on the packaging for recycling by the organization. 5.2 Firm levelFor enterprises, the development of green logistics is the trend. Logistics managers should assess the situation and actively respond to shorten the gap of the green logistics operation, and make a further green recycling of logistics processes. Green packaging materials. Green packaging materials are the recycled materials causing the minimum of burden to the environment and maximum coefficient of utilization in the whole process of the life cycle. Green packaging material is the core of green packagings, which not only reduce and eliminate the environment pollution, alleviate the pressure on the ecological environment, but also conserve or replace some of the expensive or lack resources in order to reuse waste resources. Based On sustainable development strategy, environmental performance must be as an important aspect to study when used of packaging materials. The strategy of sustainable development must proceeded from, considering the materials three elements, performance, economy and environment(including resources, energy, environmental protection). Using green packaging materials is the fundamental way to ensure the sustainable development strategy angle from the material. The lower costs of packaging. The largest proportion of packaging cost is the packaging material cost, so lower costs should start from reducing packaging material cost first. And because of this organizations need reasonable packaging materials procurement, under the premise of ensuring the basic functions, to minimize the grade of material. Using common packing that does not have special arrangements for the return of the use. With turnover packaging that can be used repeatedly, such as drinks, beer bottles; Repetition utilization is that the packaging turn to another material after the first use by a simple treatment. Using simplified packaging and reach appropriate packaging. Packaging reduction, to reduce packaging waste from source, is world idly recognized as the preferred means of packaging green. The formation of excessive packaging waste is also a cause unnecessary pollution. Package unit large-scale and containerization. Large-scale packaging of logistics system conducive to mechanization process in handling, removal, storage and transportation, and speed up the operating speed of these links;