9B Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

9B Unit 1 Asia 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、重要詞組或短語(yǔ)1.continue to the end 堅(jiān)持到最后2.take a rest 休息一下3.wake me up 叫醒我4.on ones way back在某人回去的路上5.Chinese paper cut 中國(guó)剪紙6.dragon dance 舞龍7.get lost easily 容易迷路8. the capital of 的首都9.be attracted by 被吸引10.the beautiful design of the buildings 建筑群的精美設(shè)計(jì)11.a gate of heavenly peace 天界平安之門12.be filled with tourists 擠滿游客13.watch the raising of the national flag 觀看升國(guó)旗（儀式）14.a famous Chinese-stlye garden 一個(gè)著名的中國(guó)式園林15.spend the summer 避暑16.consist of /be made up of 由組成17.a man-made lake 一個(gè)人工湖18.all over the area 遍及這個(gè)地區(qū)19.run more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China 橫跨中國(guó)北方綿延5000多里20.one of the wonders of the world 世界幾大奇跡之一21.exerience its beauty and greatness 體驗(yàn)它的美和偉大22.step by step 一步一步地23.in the south of China 在中國(guó)的南部24.lie on the two sides of Li River 座落在漓江兩岸25.in different shapes 形態(tài)各異26.in strange shapes 奇形怪狀27.see . with ones own eyes 親眼所見(jiàn)28.take a boat trip along Li River 乘船沿漓江游覽29.be open to the public 向公眾開(kāi)放30.at sunrise 在日出時(shí)刻31.get hot and sweaty 又熱又流汗32.every five minutes 每五分鐘33.in a hurry 匆忙地34.leave Japan for other Asian countries 離開(kāi)日本去亞洲其他國(guó)家35.public transport services 公交設(shè)施36.wish sb. a nice trip 祝某人旅途愉快二、重點(diǎn)句子及句型：1.Beijing is in northern China. 北京在中國(guó)的北部。2.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily. 除非你有地圖，否則你很容易迷路。3.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here. 明清兩代皇帝以前住在這里。4.You will be attracted by the beautiful design of the buildings, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past. 你會(huì)被建筑群漂亮的設(shè)計(jì)，以及過(guò)去皇帝們穿過(guò)的服裝和用過(guò)的家具吸引。5.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists. 這是世界上最大的廣場(chǎng)，游人如織。6.Every day many tourists gather here early in the morning so that they can watch the raising of the national flag. 每天，許多游客為了觀看升國(guó)旗，一大早就聚集在這里。7.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area. 它主要是由一座小山和一個(gè)人工湖組成，里面到處建有橋、塔和廳堂。8.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是一道蜿蜒五千公里橫跨中國(guó)北方的很長(zhǎng)的城墻。9.You can experience its beauty and greatness although it is very tiring to climb it step by step.雖然一步一步爬上去非常累，但你可以體驗(yàn)它的美麗和雄偉。10.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes. 如果你沒(méi)有親眼看到它們，就不能想象它們是多么令人驚異。三、語(yǔ)法講解：1.although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：1)although相當(dāng)于though, 兩詞都是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Although/Though shes young, she knows a lot.=Shes young, but she knows a lot.盡管她年齡小，她卻懂得很多。Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.=Hes in poor health, but he works hard.雖然他身體不好，但他還是努力工作。Ill never give up English though it is difficult.=English is difficult, but Ill never give it up.雖然英語(yǔ)很難，但是我不會(huì)放棄的。注意：連詞although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主句前不能再用but，但有時(shí)可以用副詞yet或still。當(dāng)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，我們通常說(shuō)even though，而不說(shuō)even although。如：Although/ Though/ Even though she didnt understand a word of what he said, she kept smiling. 盡管他的話她聽(tīng)不懂一個(gè)字，她還是一直微笑著。though可以用于句末，although則不可以。如：She knew all her friends would be there, she didnt want to go, though.她知道她的所有朋友都會(huì)出席，但是她自己不想去。2) even though意為“即使”、“盡管”、“縱然”，與even if意義相同，也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Even though hes very nice, I dont really trust him. 盡管他很好，我并不真正信任他。（事實(shí)上“很好” ）Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜歡花，這次花展你也不應(yīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)。 （假想“不喜歡” ）She wont leave the television set, even though her husband is waiting for his supper.縱使她丈夫在等著吃晚飯，她也不愿意離開(kāi)電視機(jī)。Ill get there even if I have to sell my watch to get the railway fare.即使我必須賣掉手表去買火車票，我也要到那里去。注意：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。2.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。由于unless具有否定意義，因此它引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)否定的條件（如果不）?？梢园阉醋魇莍fnot的同義表達(dá)手段。如：Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不來(lái)Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail.如果你不努力工作，你會(huì)失敗的。注意：unless從句，如同if從句一樣，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我們將去遠(yuǎn)足。Unless he comes, Ill go instead of him.如果他不來(lái)，我將代替他去。3. so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句1)so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中通常帶有can, could, may, might, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，以適用于目的。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.他們拼命地干，想在晚飯前就把工作干完。He walked by the side of the road so that he would not be hit by cars.他在馬路邊行走，以免被車碰了。注意：（1）so that從句如為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。（2）so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換成in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，還可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同義簡(jiǎn)單句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper.2)so that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句也可表示結(jié)果，這時(shí)so that從句中根據(jù)句意可用或不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 如：They worked very hard so that they finished the work before supper.他們拼命地干，結(jié)果他們?cè)谕盹埱熬桶压ぷ鞲赏炅恕e got up very late this morning so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，結(jié)果他上學(xué)遲到了。3)句型sothat表示“如此以致于”，so修飾形容詞或副詞，that引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語(yǔ)，表示結(jié)果。如：The question is so difficult that nobody in our class can answer it.這個(gè)問(wèn)題如此難，我們班上誰(shuí)也答不上來(lái)。The shoes are so small that I cant wear them.這雙鞋小得我都穿不上。The ice is so thin that you cant walk on it.冰太薄，你不能在上面走。The shirt cost so much that I didnt want to take it.那件襯衫太貴，因此我沒(méi)有買。四、語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)講解：1.There are too many hills, and my feet are very tired. 1)too many 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“太多的” too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，表示“太多的”；too much也可單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)代詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。too much還可修飾動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于副詞用法，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“過(guò)于”，“太多”。much too 修飾形容詞或副詞，表示“非常，太過(guò)”，如：There are too many people in the supermarket on Sundays.每逢星期天，超市里就有大量的人。Dont make too much noise. 別太吵鬧。Its much too hot.今天實(shí)在太熱了。2)tired 通常指人“疲勞”“疲倦”；tiring指“令人疲勞的”，這兩個(gè)詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：She was tired after a hard days work.她辛勞了一天，感到疲倦。The work is tiring. Its tiring work. 這工作很累人。這是累人的活。注意：Hes tired from the work. 是“這一工作使他很累”之意；而Hes tired of the work.是“他對(duì)這一工作感到厭倦了”之意。2.Although theres still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.continue + doing sth./ to do sth./ with sth. 繼續(xù)做某事，如：If the pain continues, see your doctor.如果疼痛持續(xù)，你得找醫(yī)生診治。He continued working / to work late into the night.他繼續(xù)工作直至深夜。I shall continue with the lessons after the exam.我會(huì)在考試后繼續(xù)上課。The next day we continued our journey.第二天我們繼續(xù)旅程。3.Wake me up on your way back.在你回來(lái)的路上叫醒我。1)wake up 醒來(lái)；喚醒，叫醒，弄醒The boy wakes up early in the morning.那孩子早晨醒得早。Could you wake me up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, please?明早7時(shí)請(qǐng)你喚醒我好嗎？2)on ones way意為“在途中”“在路上”，在使用時(shí)它常有以下三種搭配形式：(1)on ones way to +地點(diǎn)名詞。如：When l saw them, they were on their way to the cinema. 我看見(jiàn)他們時(shí)，他們正在去看電影的路上。(2)on ones way +地點(diǎn)副詞。如：He met an old friend on his way home.回家的路上他遇見(jiàn)了一位老朋友。Oh her way here, she found a bag on the ground.在來(lái)這兒的路上，她在地上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只包。(3)on ones way +動(dòng)詞不定式。如：On my way to go swimming, I lost my watch.在我去游泳的路上，我丟了我的手表。4.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily.如果你沒(méi)有地圖，你很容易迷路。1)unless 連詞，相當(dāng)于ifnot, except if, 意為“如果不，除非”，所引導(dǎo)的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，如：I shall go there unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我將到那里去。I will not go unless I hear from him.如果他不通知我，我就不去。2)get lost迷路，走丟。get為連系動(dòng)詞， lost是動(dòng)詞lose的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。如：He got lost in the snowstorm.=He lost his way in the snowstorm.他在暴風(fēng)雪中迷了路。Their girl got (was) lost in the crowd. = They lost their girl in the crowd.他們的女兒在人群中走失了。5.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.明清兩朝的皇帝們過(guò)去就住在這兒。used to do, be used to doing 和be used to do1)used to do表示“過(guò)去常常做某事”，言外之意就是現(xiàn)在已不再如此，因此沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在式，后面總是跟不定式。如：It used to be a very rich village.這個(gè)村子以前很富。We used to help him a lot when he first came here.他剛來(lái)時(shí)我們經(jīng)常給他以幫助。注意：used to構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)時(shí)可借助于助動(dòng)詞did或直接將used移至主語(yǔ)之前。如：Did you use to see each other? = Used you to see each other? 你們以前經(jīng)常相互見(jiàn)面嗎？used to 在構(gòu)成否定時(shí)可借助于didnt，也可直接在used后面加not構(gòu)成。如：She didnt use to drink. = She used not to drink.她過(guò)去不常喝酒。2)be used to +名詞或動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣于某事或做某事”，這里to為介詞，后面的動(dòng)詞須用-ing形式，句子的主語(yǔ)通常是“人”。如：Im really not used to such close and wet weather.我實(shí)在不習(xí)慣這樣悶熱且潮濕的天氣。His grandparents has been used to living in the country.他的祖父母已習(xí)慣于生活在農(nóng)村。注意：連系動(dòng)詞get, become, grow, seem等可用來(lái)代替be, 和used to連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣的逐漸過(guò)程。如：Youll get used to that in time.你很快就會(huì)對(duì)此習(xí)慣的。Ive become used to such food.我已習(xí)慣吃這樣的食品。3)be used to 表示“被用來(lái)做某事”，這里be used是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面接不定式，主語(yǔ)通常是“物”。如：This room is used to store rice.這個(gè)房間是用來(lái)存放稻谷的。6.The word Tiananmen means a gate of heavenly peace. “天安門”這個(gè)詞意思是“天堂般安寧之門”。1)mean意為“意思是”“有的意思”“指的是”。如： What do you mean? I mean nothing else. “你是什么意思？” “我沒(méi)什么別的意思?！?)mean后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或that從句，意為“意味著”“就是”。如：It means that we can enjoy cleaner air. 那也就是說(shuō)人們能享受更干凈的空氣了。In my opinion, smoking means buying death with money. 在我看來(lái)，吸煙就是用錢買死亡。3)mean常用于一些句型中，如：What do you mean by saying so? 你這么說(shuō)是什么意思？What does she mean by that? 她那是什么意思？4)mean的名詞形式為meaning，意為“意思”“含義”。meaningful是形容詞，意為“有重要意義的”。meaningless也是形容詞，意為“無(wú)意義的”。如：He looked at me with meaning.他意味深長(zhǎng)地看著我。Whats the meaning of this? 這是什么意思？7.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.它是世界上最大的廣場(chǎng)，而且總是充滿了游客。1)be filled with = be full of 指狀態(tài)，表示“放滿了”“裝滿了”，主語(yǔ)常為“物（容器）”。如：The room is filled with everything. 房間里堆滿了一切。Their stockings were filled with(= were full of ) Christmas presents(= gifts).他們的襪子里放滿了圣誕禮物。8.It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.它是一個(gè)建在自然風(fēng)景區(qū)的著名的中國(guó)式園林。built in 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的名詞garden。類似這種表達(dá)的還有：We live in a place called ( = which/that is called) Gum Tree.我們住在一個(gè)叫桉樹(shù)村的地方。There was a man named ( = who/that was named) Joseph and his wife named( = who/that was named) Mary.有個(gè)叫約瑟夫的男人，他的妻子叫瑪利亞。It was the first newspaper sold(= that was sold) on trains in America.這是美國(guó)在火車上銷售的第一份報(bào)紙。Is there anything planned( = that has been planned) for tonight?今晚有什么活動(dòng)安排嗎？Whats the language spoken( = which is spoken) in that area?這個(gè)地區(qū)講的是什么語(yǔ)言？There are problems left(= which have been left) over by history.這些是歷史遺留下來(lái)的問(wèn)題。Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed( = who/that was dressed) in green.突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)穿綠衣服的年輕女子。9.In the past, the emperors used to spend the summer here.過(guò)去，皇帝們經(jīng)常在這兒避暑。spend度過(guò)spend通常用人作主語(yǔ)，除了表示“花錢、時(shí)間”之外，還可意為“度過(guò)”。如：Where are you going to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪兒度假？spend后接時(shí)間或錢+on sth.意為“在上花時(shí)間或錢”；spend后接時(shí)間或錢+(in)doing sth.意為“花時(shí)間或錢做某事”其中介詞in可以省略。如：She spends too much money on clothes.她在衣服上花太多的錢。I spent 200 dollars on this digital cameras.我花了兩百美元買了這部數(shù)碼照相機(jī)。How much did you spend on this shirt? 你買這件襯衣花了多少錢?Does he spend much time playing computer games?他花許多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲嗎？cost的主語(yǔ)為事物或形式主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)為金錢或時(shí)間等，cost不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The car cost (him) too much. 這輛小車花了（他）很多錢。The watch cost me more than one hundred dollars.這塊手表花了我一百多美元。take的主語(yǔ)多是代替后面動(dòng)詞不定式的形式主語(yǔ)it, 也可以是人或某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，常用句型為It takes/took(sb.)some time to do sth., 意為“花費(fèi)（某人）的時(shí)間做某事”。如：It took me three days to finish reading the novel.我用3天時(shí)間看完了那本小說(shuō)。It takes me over an hour to do my homework every day.我每天花費(fèi)一個(gè)多小時(shí)做作業(yè)。The flight from Shanghai to Los Angeles takes more than fourteen hours.從上海飛往洛杉磯需要14小時(shí)以上。Pay的主語(yǔ)只能是人，常用 pay(sb.)(some money) for sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“付（某人）錢買某物”。如：She paid ten yuan for the book. 她花了十元錢買這本書。I paid him 1,000 dollars for that second-hand car. 我付給他一千美元買那輛二手車。10.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area.它主要由一座山和一個(gè)人工湖組成，整個(gè)區(qū)域有一些橋、寶塔和走廊。consist of sth.相當(dāng)于be made up of 意思為“由組成”，如：The band consists of a singer, two guitarists and a drummer.這支樂(lè)隊(duì)由一位歌手、兩位吉他手及一位鼓手組成。This school consists of an office and some classrooms.這所學(xué)校由一個(gè)辦公室和幾間教室組成。11.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是一段長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的城墻，橫穿中國(guó)北部，綿延5000多公里。across, through, over：三者均可作“穿過(guò)”“越過(guò)”解。但是，across表示動(dòng)作在某物的表面進(jìn)行；through表示動(dòng)作在某一事物內(nèi)部進(jìn)行；over表示從某物的上方越過(guò)。如：Go across the bridge, then you will find the post office. 過(guò)了橋，你就會(huì)看到郵局。Be careful when you go across the road. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。This road goes through the forest. 這條路穿過(guò)森林。I can see you through the window.透過(guò)窗戶我可以看到你。Go over the hill and you will find them.翻過(guò)這座小山，你就會(huì)找到他們的。12.It lies on the two sides of Li River.它位于漓江兩岸。lie意思是“處于某位置”，如：The hills lie to the north of the town.小鎮(zhèn)的北面有山。lie, lie, lay三個(gè)動(dòng)詞很容易使人混淆。lie（說(shuō)謊）是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是lied, 現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。當(dāng)然lie也可以用作名詞，意為“撒謊”。lie（躺，位于）是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式為lay，過(guò)去分詞為lain，現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。lay（下蛋，產(chǎn)卵）也是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是laid，現(xiàn)在分詞為laying。如：I would never lie to you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)對(duì)你撒謊。I could tell from her face that she was lying.我能從她臉上判斷出她在撒謊。Of course its true. I wouldnt tell you a lie.當(dāng)然它是真是。我不會(huì)對(duì)你撒謊。He found an old man lying on the ground on his way home.在他回家的路上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老人躺在地上。The hen usually lays an egg every day, but she didnt lay today.那只母雞通常每天下一個(gè)蛋，但今天卻沒(méi)下。13.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape.桂林城四周群山聳立，形態(tài)各異你可能已經(jīng)看過(guò)相關(guān)的一些中國(guó)山水畫。shape和formin different shapes 表示“形狀各不一樣”。這里要注意介詞in和名詞shape的搭配。如：My garden is in the shape of a square.我的院子是方形的。Now radios are made in many different shapes.現(xiàn)在收音機(jī)制造的形狀各不一樣。form表示較抽象的“形式”，而shape則強(qiáng)調(diào)具體“形狀”。試比較：I dont like any form of exercise.我不喜歡任何形式的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Whats the shape of the table, round or square?那桌子是什么形狀，圓形的還是方形的？14.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.see sb./sth. with ones own eyes 意為“親眼所見(jiàn)”hear sth. with ones own ears 意為“親耳所聞”，如：I saw President Hu with my own eyes last year. 去年我親眼見(jiàn)到了胡主席。I saw the sing and dancing parade on the street.我在大街上親眼目睹了歌舞游行。15.You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely. 你可以從汽車站租一輛自行車非常安全地繞城騎行。hire sth. from sb./sp. 從某人（處）租某物We hired a car for the day. 為那天用車我們租了一輛。He hired a suit from the shop for the wedding. 為了婚禮他從商店里租了一套禮服。16.Its famous for its beautiful mountains and wonderful caves. 它以美麗的山脈和奇妙的溶洞而著名。1)be famous for = be known (或well-known) for，表示“因而著名”或“因而廣為人知”。如：Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷是以美麗的海灘而出名。France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法國(guó)以精美的食物和葡萄酒著名。OHenry was famous for writing short stories. 歐亨利是以寫短篇小說(shuō)出名的。2)be famous as后跟身份或職業(yè)。如：OHenry was famous as a short-story writer. 歐亨利是以短篇小說(shuō)家身份出名的。Gongli is famous as an actress. 鞏莉是作為女演員而出名的。17.Although there was a train every five minutes, it was still very crowded.盡管每五分鐘就有一班火車，但仍然很擁擠。1)every five minutes 意為“每五分鐘” every +數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“每（隔）多少時(shí)間或距離”，指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，every在這里不能用each代替。如：He goes home every two weeks. 他每?jī)芍芑丶乙淮巍he writes to her parents once every two months. 她每?jī)稍陆o父母寫一封信（可為她每隔一月）注意：（1）這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中如果要譯為“每隔”，在表示時(shí)間時(shí)，漢語(yǔ)要減一，但在表示距離時(shí)，英漢互譯數(shù)字是一致的。如：There is a tree every three metres.每隔三米有一棵樹(shù)。（2）every other表示“每隔”。如：He goes to see a film every other day.他每隔一天去看一場(chǎng)電影。We go to visit our grandparents every other year.我們每隔一年去看望我們的祖父母一次。2)crowd, 動(dòng)詞，意為“擁擠”“聚集”。如：Many students crowded in the front of the classroom. 許多學(xué)生擠在教室的前面。crowd round意為“圍著”，而不是“擠”的意思。如：Dont crowd round him.別圍著他。crowded 形容詞，意為“密集的”“擠得滿滿的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為be crowded (with)，表示狀態(tài)，意為“擠滿了”“充滿著”。如：The room was crowded with colourful flowers. 房間里充滿了五顏六色的花。The street is crowded