2013語法通霸非謂語.doc

第五章 非謂語第一部分 考點(diǎn)精講精練 考點(diǎn)1. 謂語和非謂語在英語中，一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個(gè)謂語，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要變成非謂語形式。(參看：P錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。Error! Reference source not found.)英語中非謂語動(dòng)詞包括：動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式。無論它們?cè)诰渲凶魇裁闯煞?，他們都保持著自己本身的屬性特點(diǎn)。動(dòng)名詞：具有名詞功能，常在句中作：主語，賓語；作定語時(shí)表功能；現(xiàn)在分詞: 表主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行, 常在句中作： 定語， 狀語，賓補(bǔ)；過去分詞：被動(dòng)和已完成，常在句中作：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語；動(dòng)詞不定式：表將來具體某一次，常在句中作； 主語；定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語，賓語等。要學(xué)好非謂語，掌握它們的本身屬性很關(guān)鍵第1講 作主語考點(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞原形是不能作主語的。動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)，如果側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)常性，在動(dòng)詞后面加ing構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞來做主語；如果側(cè)重于表示將來特定的某一次，則用動(dòng)詞不定式來做主語。 Playing basketball is my favorite sport. (“打籃球”指經(jīng)常性，因此用動(dòng)名詞。)To go to a key college is his dream.(“上名牌大學(xué)”指特定的將來的某一次，用不定式)有時(shí)為了對(duì)稱，主語，賓語（或表語）要么都用不定時(shí)，要么都用動(dòng)名詞。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed3. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly4. _ now seems impossible.A. Saving money B. To save money C. Being saved money D. To be saved money5. 【2009四川】He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had考點(diǎn)2. what在問句中作主語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞短語來回答6. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 寫作專練1. 正確選擇不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語(P29 )第2講 作賓語作主語用動(dòng)詞不定式還是動(dòng)名詞主要是看主語表示的動(dòng)作是將來還是經(jīng)常性；作賓語用動(dòng)詞不定式還是動(dòng)名詞主要是看謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配?？键c(diǎn)1. 有些動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語這類及物動(dòng)詞常見的有：agree (同意) , ask (請(qǐng)、要) , attempt (試圖) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申請(qǐng)care (想要) , choose (決定、要) , decide (決定) , desire (希望) , determine (決心) , help 幫助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (學(xué)習(xí)) , manage (設(shè)法) , offer (愿意) , plan (計(jì)劃、打算) , pretend (假裝) , refuse (拒絕、謝絕) , wish (希望) , promise (答應(yīng))，want（想要）等等。1. We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending2. 【2010江西】There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered3. I expected _ your friend, but my car broke down on the way.A. Ill meet B. meeting C. to meeting D. to meet4. She told me that she had decided _ again.A. be not late B. not be lateC. not to be lateD. to be not late5. Almost everyone fails _ on the first try.A. in passing his drivers testB. to pass his drivers testC. to have passed his drivers testD. passing his drivers test6. The two weavers pretended _ very hard, though they did nothing at the looms.A. work B. workingC. to be workedD. to be working7. When he got off the train, it happened _.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. rainingD. to raining8. I didnt _ it until you had explained how.A. manage to do B. managed to doC. manage to have done D. manage doing9. The young driver offered _ the patient out of the car.A. to hand B. handing C. hands D. would hand10. The white horse refused _ the stone wall.A. its jumpingB. to jumpC. jumping upD. to jump at考點(diǎn)2. 有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語下列動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語： admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考慮delay 推遲 deny 否認(rèn)discuss 討論dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原諒give up 放棄imagine 想象keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 沒趕上pardon 原諒permit 允許 practice 練習(xí)prevent 阻止prohibit 禁止 put off 推遲 risk 冒險(xiǎn)stop 停止suggest 建議feel like想做某事11. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your calling D. youre calling12. She enjoys _ light music.A. to hearB. hearing C. listening to D. to listen to13. You can keep the book until you _.A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read14. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving15. If you keep _ English, you can learn English well.A. practicing speak B. practicing speaking C. practicing to speak D. to practise spoken16. We are considering _ a new plan.A. making B. being madeC. to make D. to have made17. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch18. Can you imagine yourself _ on a desert island?A. staying B. stay C. have stayed D. being stayed19. We can understand why he avoids _ to us.A. to speakB. speechC. having spokenD. speaking20. Please excuse my _ in without _.A. come, askingB. coming, asking C. to come, being asked D. coming, being asked21. Why have they delayed _ the new school?A. openingB. to openC. having openedD. to have opened22. She _ the key.A. admited takingB. admitted take C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken23. 【2008上海春】As a new driver, I have to practice _ the car in my small garage again and againA. parking B. to park C. parked D. park24. 【2009上?！緽ill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold25. 【2011四川】Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study考點(diǎn)3. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞，但意思上有差別forget/remember doing/having done跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，記得還是忘了以前曾經(jīng)做的事forget/remember to do還未做regret doing sth. 對(duì)做過的某事表示后悔regret to say, 很抱歉的說mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味著 try to do , 盡力作某事；try doing, 嘗試著作某事 want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被動(dòng)等于want/need/require to be donelike/ hate doing, 經(jīng)常性的like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事used to do 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do被用來做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事cant help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事stop doing 停止正在做著的某事 stop to do停下來做別的事情(to do是目的狀語)go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do接著干別的事情26. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A to be takenB. to take C. being taken D. taking27. -“Did you close the door?” -“Yes, I remember _ it.”A. to close B. to closing C. closing D. closed28. 【2012安徽】I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked29. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming.A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing30. Henry always forgets things he has done. Yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere.A. to post the letter B. to have the letter postedC. to have posted the letterD. having posted the letter31. My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Professor Liu.A. missing B. to miss C. missed D. being missed32. I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing33. I felt tired with walking, so I stopped _ a break for an hour.A. having B. to have C. taking D. to taking34. The teacher told the students to stop _ to him.A. to write and listen B. writing and listeningC. to write and listening D. writing and to listen35. -I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going36. 【2008湖南】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived37. You didnt hear us come in last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy.A. to be not B. not to beC. not beingD. being not38. The grass has grown so tall that it needs _.A. to cut B. to be cut it C. cutting D. being cut39. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired40. These young trees require _ carefully.A. looking afterB. to look after C. to be looked atD. looking for41. The sentence wants _ once more.A. to explainB. explainingC. being explainedD. to be explained it42. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside yet.A. live B. to live C. to living D. living43. A very well-known person _ in this house.A. is used to live B. used to live C. is used to living D. used to living44. Missing the train means _ for an hour.A. to wait B. to be waitedC. being waitedD. waiting45. I meant _ you, but I was so busy.A. to call onB. calling onC. to call atD. calling at46. I know its not important, but I cant help _ about itA. to think B. and think C. thinking D. being thought47. Im busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ houseworkA. preparing, doing B. preparing, to do C. to prepare, doing D. to prepare, to do考點(diǎn)4. except, but后跟不定式時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的形式，不用to, 否則要帶to48. There is nothing to do except _ till it stops raining.A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits49. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy考點(diǎn)5. Remain to be done50. It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see51. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen考點(diǎn)6. 介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語52. 【2012北京】One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting53. 【2012福建】China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked考點(diǎn)7. 含有用作介詞to的?？级陶Z1. be addicted to 沉溺于；對(duì)上癮He is addicted to gambling.他沉溺于賭博。2. devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于做某事/專心致力于做某事把She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于幫助窮人。Charlie devotes his time to reading. 查理的時(shí)間都用于讀書。Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 她一生都致力于關(guān)心照顧貧病交迫的人。3. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事This is equal to saying that he knows her well. 這就等于說他很熟悉她。 She didnt feel equal to receiving visitors. 她感到身體不適,不能會(huì)客。4. object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事, have an objection to doing sth 反對(duì)(反感)做某事He objected to being treated like a child. 他反對(duì)被當(dāng)作小孩子看待。He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感這么早就起床。 5. be opposed to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反對(duì)你出國(guó)。Im opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反對(duì)馬上告訴他這個(gè)消息。 6. reduce sb. to doing sth 使某人淪為做某事Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。He was reduced to begging for food. 最后他淪為乞丐。7. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事We should pay more attention to uniting and working with the comrades who differ with us. 我們應(yīng)該更注意團(tuán)結(jié)那些與自己意見不同的同志工作。 8. be used to doing sth/be accustomed to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事John has got used to sleeping late. 約翰已習(xí)慣很晚睡覺了。I am not accustomed to being treated like this.我不習(xí)慣被這樣對(duì)待。9. get down to doing sth開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事Its time we got down to some serious work. 我們?cè)撜J(rèn)真干點(diǎn)正事了After lunch we got down to discussing the issue of pay. 午餐之后,我們開始認(rèn)真討論報(bào)酬的問題。10. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事We are looking forward to receiving his letter. 我們盼望收到他的回信。I look forward to hearing from you. 盼早日收到你的來信。11. come /be near/close to doing sth 幾乎做某事,差點(diǎn)就做某事 I was near to screaming. 我險(xiǎn)些喊叫起來。I came near to forgetting my raincoat. 我差點(diǎn)把雨衣給忘了。We had an outstanding season and came so close to winning the title again.12. in addition to doing sth 除做某事之外 In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不僅給我提了些忠告,而且還給了我一些錢。13. key to doing sth 做某事的關(guān)鍵 Yet transportation is the key to getting this food to the children and their families.交通是把這事物送給那些孩子和他們家人的關(guān)鍵。14. make contributions to對(duì)作貢獻(xiàn)Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。15. when it comes to 談到時(shí)There is no shortage of ideas when it comes to improving the education of children.當(dāng)談及改善孩子教育時(shí)，是不缺乏主意的。寫作專練2. 掌握后面跟不定式做賓語和后面跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語的常用動(dòng)詞及to做介詞(P30 )第3講 作表語考點(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語同動(dòng)名詞作表語的區(qū)別表示將來某一次時(shí)常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)常用動(dòng)名詞作表語。1. Her wish is _ an engineer.A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish考點(diǎn)2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，to的省略問題動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略to3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. I think the best thing you should do is _ another job.A. looking for B. looked for C. look for D. about to look for考點(diǎn)3. 動(dòng)名詞作表語同進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)是說明主語的職責(zé)和功能等，和主語是對(duì)等關(guān)系，沒有正在進(jìn)行之意， 而現(xiàn)在分詞有正在進(jìn)行之意如：My job is looking after the children. (looking 為動(dòng)名詞) He is looking after the baby. (looking 為現(xiàn)在分詞)考點(diǎn)4. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞-ing 形容詞，令人。的；-ed形容詞，令人感到。的，有被動(dòng)意味。（參看P錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。Error! Reference source not found.）5. Tom sounds very much in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage itA. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly6. Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ .A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired7. We must treasure every minute because _ time is _ forever.A. lost, losing B. lost, lost C. losing, losing D. losing, lost 8. Please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.Ato seal Bto be seated Cseating Dseated考點(diǎn)5. be to blame應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)（參看P7考點(diǎn)4.）The careless driver was to blame for the accident.那個(gè)粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)為這場(chǎng)事故負(fù)責(zé)。寫作專練3. 非謂語做表語時(shí)應(yīng)注意(P30 )第4講 作定語現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作定語。一般不用非謂語的完成式作定語?？键c(diǎn)1. 現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，看與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系如果構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，（有時(shí)還表正在進(jìn)行）用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，（已完成），用過去分詞；表將來特定某一次，用動(dòng)詞不定式。 【主動(dòng)關(guān)系和被動(dòng)關(guān)系：參看P錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。Error! Reference source not found.】1. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settled. C. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung3. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion.A. indicating, interrupting B. indicated, interrupting C. indicating, interrupted D. indicated, interrupted4. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A. belonged to, fed on B. belonging to, feed on C. belonging to, feeding on D. belonged to, feeding on5. -Havent you seen the sign _ “NO PHOTO”?-Im sorry I didnt.A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading6. 【2009湖南】At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wondering C. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered 7. 【2010浙江】The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing8. 【2011全國(guó)I】The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen9. 【2011江西】On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A. says B. said C. saying D. to say10. 【2011江蘇】Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared11. 【2011山東】Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead12. 【2012湖南】The lecture, _at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started13. 【2012上?！縂enius is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved14. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.Alost Blosing Cto lose Dhave lost15. The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building.A. stolen; hiding B. stealing; hidden C. to be stolen; hiding D. stolen; hidden16. 【2009全國(guó)I】Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ？A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 17. 【2012山東】After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide18. 【2010北京】Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised19. 【2010湖南】So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered20. 【2010四川】A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning21. 【2011全國(guó)II】The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joining B. to join