可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞(適合小學(xué)用)

名詞第一節(jié) 可數(shù)名詞一、 可數(shù)名詞的分類 名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩部分。其中，可數(shù)名詞是表示能夠計(jì)算的人或物的名稱，他們通常有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式。 單數(shù)通常用a,an或者是one來(lái)表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy.二、 可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則1、 直接在單詞的后面加-s.photo-photos book-books egg-eggs student-students pen-pensvillage-villages building-buildings cloud-clouds flower-flowershand-hands map-maps girl-girls2、 如果單詞以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾，通常要在單詞后面加-es.bus-buses class-classes box-box dress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watches fish-fishes 3、 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞要把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，則直接加上-s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、 以f,fe結(jié)尾的單詞，要把f,fe變?yōu)関，再加-es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves 5、 以o結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，但是potato, tomato,hero等詞要加-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos studio-studiospotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes6、 一些特殊的不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men sheep-sheep fish-fish deer-deer people-people child-childrenox-oxen mouse-mice7、 be和指示代詞的復(fù)數(shù)。is-are am-are this-these that-those it-they8、 有些名詞是通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。綜合練習(xí)一、 選擇a/an填空。1. elephant 2. tree 3. hamburger 4. ice-cream 5. computer 6. orange 7. melon 8. hen 9. eraser 10. old man 11. English teacher 12. red apple二、把下列單詞改成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1. class 2.bus 3.glass 4.dress 5.box 6.fox 7.watch 8.peach 9.fish 10.wolf 11.knife 12.family 13.story 14.baby 15.library 三、寫(xiě)出下列各詞的單數(shù)形式。1.potatoes 2.bridges 3.ladies 4.our 5.are 6.they 7.sheep 8.men 9.feet 10.dishes 11.shelves 12.houses 四、把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1、What is this? 2、This is a bus. 3、What is that? 4、What is it? 5、That is a tomato. 6、He is a policeman. 7、She is a woman. 8、It is a wolf. 9、There is a sheep near the mountain. 10、She has a good teacher. 五、選詞填空。例：This is a lady.(lady,ladies)1. There are some (dish,dishes)on the table.2. Uncle Li has many (duck,ducks)and a big (dog, dogs)on his farm.3. Ihavesome English and American .(stamp,stamps)4.This is not (an orange, oranges). Its (an apple, apples).5.Kids like (cake, cakes)and (hot dogs, hot dog).6.There is (an air-conditioner, air-conditioners)and two (window, windows)in my room.7. (Artist, An artist)loves painting.8. (Fishes, Fish)is my favourite food.9. (Potatoes, Potato)are my favourite fruit.10. (Rabbits, Rabbit)like (carrot, carrots).11. (Children, Chilrens)have a good time on Childrens Day.12.The little kid has only one (tooth,teeth).第三節(jié) 不可數(shù)名詞一、 不可數(shù)名詞的概念1. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞主要是以物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞為主。它們通常沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與a ,an 連用。在表示“一”或“幾”的數(shù)量概念時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞必須與相應(yīng)的量詞連用。如果時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)的數(shù)量關(guān)系時(shí)，則把量詞變化，不可數(shù)名詞不變。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞語(yǔ)有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間2. some 與 any 詞語(yǔ)辨析some與any都表示“一些”，但它們的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句與一般疑問(wèn)句中。同學(xué)們要特別注意的是：some還可以用在客氣請(qǐng)求的一般疑問(wèn)句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑問(wèn)句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客氣請(qǐng)求的一般疑問(wèn)句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 詞語(yǔ)辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,這三個(gè)詞都是表示“許多”。many是用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞, much用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，a lot of則用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。例子：Peter has many friend .（可數(shù)名詞的前面） Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of friend. （可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可數(shù)名詞的前面）二、 不可數(shù)名詞的歸類1、表示液體：water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink2、表示自然現(xiàn)象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品類：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish,