新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程2答案及課本翻譯

新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程2答案及課本翻譯 The First McDonalds Restaurant Even though the first McDonalds restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol. Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonalds restaurant in history.McDonalds, though, says the building should be torn down. Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonalds building design. Many people have good memories of that old McDonalds.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories. McDonalds explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey dont agree with this line of thinking, though. One woman says, I think its terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. Its a big lie. Another Downey resident remarks, I am so upset. They dont respect the public at all. They havent even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurant 1 again. McDonalds managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead. Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonalds can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonalds real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money. Modern McDonalds restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonalds restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in Downey.Later, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonalds is trying to change history, though the pany denies this. To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonalds. The McDonald brothers did. These days, a group of historians want the building to 2 be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonalds from tearing the building down. The McDonalds managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure. Everyone hopes that the McDonalds managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonalds, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away. 第一家麥當(dāng)勞餐館 雖說第一家麥當(dāng)勞餐館只售漢堡包和薯?xiàng)l，它還是成為了一種文化象征。如今，在加州南部唐尼市，人們正努力保住歷史上第一家麥當(dāng)勞餐館。然而，麥當(dāng)勞卻稱這幢房子應(yīng)該拆掉。 坐落于加州唐尼的這家餐館建于1953年，是美國所有帶雙拱形金色標(biāo)志的建筑中歷史最久的，它的也是麥當(dāng)勞最早的建筑設(shè)計。 許多人對那家老餐館有著美好的回憶。這些人想到餐館連同他們美好的回憶一起將被摧毀，感到很氣憤。 麥當(dāng)勞方面解釋說，那家老店在一次地震中遭到損壞，因此必須拆掉。不過，唐尼的許多人卻不同意這種說法。 有位女士說：“我認(rèn)為這件事太可怕了。他們在利用那次地震作借口。這是一個極大的謊言。 另一位唐尼市居民說：“我非常難過。他們一點(diǎn)也不尊重公眾的意見，甚至都沒試著這樣做。他們可以稍加修理，使它再成為一家好餐館。” 麥當(dāng)勞的經(jīng)理們說餐館設(shè)在那個位置一直在虧本。那兒沒有地方可以開辟“免下車外賣窗口”，里面也沒有地方安排座位。他們說，那次地震后這個餐館就沒辦法修了。不過那些經(jīng)理們想在其他位置按原餐館再仿造一家。 但是房屋檢修人員說該建筑是可以修理的，不過費(fèi)用很高。許多人說這個費(fèi)用麥當(dāng)勞當(dāng)然承受得起。有人認(rèn)為麥當(dāng)勞想關(guān)閉這家餐館的 _與金錢無關(guān)。 現(xiàn)代的麥當(dāng)勞餐館常常有一個牌子，聲稱有個叫雷克羅克的男人于1955 3 年在伊利諾伊州創(chuàng)辦了首家麥當(dāng)勞餐館。然而事實(shí)是，克羅克先生的快餐生意實(shí)際上是從唐尼市的迪克麥當(dāng)勞和麥克麥當(dāng)勞那里學(xué)來的。后來克羅克先生買下了他們的餐館。因此，盡管公司竭力否認(rèn)，唐尼鎮(zhèn)的許多人還是認(rèn)為麥當(dāng)勞是想篡改歷史。 在當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史學(xué)家看來，這種解釋頗有道理。有位歷史學(xué)家說：“歷史不容篡改。雷克羅克沒有創(chuàng)建麥當(dāng)勞。創(chuàng)建麥當(dāng)勞的是麥?zhǔn)闲值?。?這些天來，一群歷史學(xué)家希望將該處建筑列入國家歷史文物保護(hù)單位名冊，這樣，唐尼鎮(zhèn)就能使麥當(dāng)勞免遭拆除。麥當(dāng)勞的經(jīng)理們非常惱火，因而將房屋棄置一旁。 人人都希望麥當(dāng)勞經(jīng)理們與唐尼的居民很快達(dá)成一致。房子仍在，但窗子用木板封了起來。即便如此，人們?nèi)蚤_車前來紀(jì)念他們的麥當(dāng)勞，想搶在它被拆除前拍照留念，留下歷史上的珍貴一刻。 Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads These days, lifestyles have a tendency to change so fast. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; its a whole way of living. One year, people wear hats and blue jeans; they drink white wine and eat at Japanese restaurants; for exercise they run several miles a day.The next year, however, everything has changed:women wear long skirts; people drink expensive water from France, and eat at Italian restaurants; everyone seems to be exercising at health clubs.Almost nothing in modern life gets away from the influence of fashion: food, music, exercise, books, languages, movies, furniture, and even names go in and out of fashion.The interests that people follow can change very quickly.In the United States, even people can be in or out. Americans enjoy following the lives of famous people: actors, sports heroes, well-known artists, politicians, and the like.But Americans also pay a lot of attention to people who have no special ability at all. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV advertisement in which she looked at a very small hamburger and plained loudly, Wheres the beef? These three words made her famous. Suddenly she appeared in magazines and newspapers, and on TV shows.She was immediately popular. She was in.However, this kind of fame does not last long.Such people are famous for a very short timethey are fads. What causes such fads to e and go? Although clothing designers influence fads in fashion because they want to make money, this desire for money doesnt explain fads in other areas, such as language. For example, why have teenagers in the past twenty-five years usedat 4 different timesthe words groovy or awesome in conversation instead of simply saying wonderful? Aording to an expert in popular culture, people who follow fads are not foolish or vain; they simply want to be part of something new and creative. Fads are not limited to the United States, however. Fads are mon in any country that has a strong economy (e.g. Britain, Japan, and Germany).However, in the United States, there is an additional reason for fads: most Americans seem to feel that something is wrong if there isnt frequent change in their lives. Its sometimes difficult to see the difference between a fad and a trend.A fad lasts a very short time and is not very important. A social trend, however, survives a long time and bees a true part of modern culture.The use of personal puters, for example, is a trend; a fad, on the other hand, could be the use of certain types of puter games. Who knows what changes in lifestyle will happen next? 我們不斷變化的生活方式：潮流和時尚 如今，生活方式有種迅速變化的趨勢。迅速變化的不僅僅只是一年流行而第二年就過時的服飾和發(fā)型，而是整個生活方式。 曾幾何時，人們戴帽子，穿牛仔褲，喝白葡萄酒，到日本餐館就餐，每天跑幾英里健身。但到了第二年，所有這一切都變了：婦女們穿長裙，人們喝昂貴的法國進(jìn)口水，到意大利餐館就餐，似乎每個人都在健身俱樂部里鍛煉身體。 現(xiàn)代生活中幾乎沒有什么能逃過時尚的影響：食品、音樂、運(yùn)動、書籍、語言、電影、家具，甚至名字都會經(jīng)歷時髦或者過時的過程。人們追隨的興趣愛好會很快地改變。 在美國，甚至人也可以變得時尚或者過時。美國人喜歡追隨名人的生活方式：演員、體育明星、著名藝人、政治家等。但是美國人也十分注意一點(diǎn)特殊才能都沒有的人。比如，1981年，一位名不見經(jīng)傳的老婦人出現(xiàn)在一個電視廣告里，她看著一只很小的漢堡包，大聲抱怨道：“牛肉呢？” 這三個字使她成了名。一時之間，她在雜志、報紙和電視上頻頻亮相，一下子大受歡迎，成了時尚。但是，這種名聲并不持久。這種人只是在很短的一段時間里為眾人所知他們只是時尚。 是什么使這種時尚來得快也去得快？盡管時裝設(shè)計師影響時裝潮流為的是賺錢，但這種賺錢的欲望并不能解釋其他方面的時尚，例如語言。比如，為什么青少年在過去25年里的不同時代中，談話時使用“groovy（帥呆了）”或者“awesome（太棒了）”這樣的詞，而不只說“wonderful（好極了）”了呢？據(jù)一位流行文化專家說，追隨時尚的人并不是愚蠢或愛慕虛榮；他們只是想成為富有創(chuàng)造性的新事物的一部分。 不過，時尚并不只是美國才有。任何經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國（如英國、日本、德國）都有時尚。但是，在美國，時尚發(fā)生另有原因：大多數(shù)美國人似乎覺得，如果他們的 5 新視野大學(xué)英語（第三版）第二冊讀寫教程課后答案 Unit 1Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text 1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief aount; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific ment. 3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language. 4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if its not properly dealt with. 5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs. 6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary. 8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the authors humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings. Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate7.petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building -al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy: consistency/auracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial2.recovery3.auracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I dont care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, whats the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me. English grammar is very plicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I dont remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head . I dont remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams . I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right. In brief, Im allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse! Ex.9 E-C Translation 人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影、電視、音樂、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。 Ex.10 C-E Translation Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure house of culture and art. Text B The great journey of learning 2. Understanding the text D.2. A3. C4. A5. C6. B7. C 8. D 4. Words in use mysterious2. desperate3. devise 4. negotiate5. recalled 6. specifically 7. depict8. Ignorance 9. Expand 10 confusion 5. Expressions in use apply to 2. in a bid to3. end up4. speaking of 5. get hold of6. appealed to7. leaving .behind 8. focus on EX. 6 Sentence structure . even though it is important of the students to have a deep understanding of the texts, it doesnt make any sense to read texts word for word from the beginning to the end as it is a matter of little importance to us, it doesnt make much sense to argue out which is wrong or right or which is better or worse it makes no sense to pel children to obey their parents; instead, we should try to tell them what is right and what is wrong. EX. 7. II might as well have stayed at home. We might as well have taken the train home So he might as well have told me all about it . Collocation: Warm-up essential framework 2. distinctive difference3 high standards 4 valuable possessions 5 considerable frustration6 acquire knowledge7 overe deficiencies 8 sketch thoughts 9 devise a scheme Ex. 8 1 essential framework 2 proper vocabulary3 excellent control 4 language deficit 5 high standards 6 language proficiency 7 acquire knowledge 8 petent munication9 overe deficiencies 10 sketch thoughts11 effective munication 12 advanced vocabulary Unit 2 College-The ladder to suess Text A The humanities:Out of date? Reading Comprehension 1. because English or history majors are considered less petitive when the job market is shrinking, and they have to study something that can help them more easily locate their future jobs. 2. because as the tuition is climbing higher and higher, many students have run away from studying the humanities and toward “hard” skills that they think will lead to employment. 3. since more students are now taking job-oriented courses, libraries, where students of liberal arts used to study, are getting less popular than before; in contrast, labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there. 4. because this inner drive that can be either constructive or destructive is so mysterious and powerful that it has attracted many people to speculate on it. From ancient times, these men and women developed artistic “l(fā)anguages” in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions, which from the very foundation of civilization. 5. Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write, makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process, and, more importantly, provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you. 6. Because in modern life, an ideal capacity for establishing ones career is to have both technical knowledge and inner insight, not just one without the other. 7. “Well-rounded human beings” are those who have insight and understand the passions, hopes and dreams mon to all humanity. 8. Since many people who once studied the humanities became famous in their career, the author implies that if students spend more time studying the humanities, they could surely bee suessful in the future as well. Language focus 3 1. promotes 2. aelerate 3. mystery4. insight 5. boost 6. analysis 7. calculate 8. barriers 9. destruction 10. prospect 4 PromisingBearing HousingObjective Offend ExcludeExcess Execute IntensifyIdentity 5 1. excess 2. bearing 3. objective 4. intensify5. execute 6. promising 7. exclude8. identity 9 offend 10. housing 6. 1-5 CHDJB 6-10 LMGFA 7 1. are liable to 2. in favor of 3. is bound to 4. speculate about 5. investedwith 6. stand up for 7. in the form of8. prepared for9. in the pany of 10 in suession 9 幕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。幕課是遠(yuǎn)程邁出的最新一步，現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程，大學(xué)可以擴(kuò)大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，擴(kuò)展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料，幕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。幕課能促進(jìn)參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點(diǎn)、知識和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學(xué)習(xí)，以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求；另外，幕課促進(jìn)教學(xué)的改善，使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。 10 In recent years, with the development of Inter technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people to get aess to the digital virtual schools through the Inter anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible