初中英語(yǔ)：八大時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、可編輯英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)標(biāo)志：動(dòng)詞原形情況變形方法讀音例詞一般情況+s清輔音后讀/s/濁輔音和元音后讀/z/swim-swimshelp-helpslike-likes輔音字母+o結(jié)尾+es讀/z/go-goesdo-doess/sh/ch/x等結(jié)尾+es讀/iz/watch-watcheswash-washes輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y 為i+es讀/z/study-studies特殊情況：have和be動(dòng)詞變have 為 has變be為am/is/arehave-hasbe-am/is/are1. 表示經(jīng)

2、常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與表頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：She often speaks English.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.造句練習(xí)：孩子們通常不喜歡家庭作業(yè)。2. 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、能力、感覺(jué)等：He seems to feel a bit down today.He works as a driver.造句練習(xí)：她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。3. 表示真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)或用于格言警句中：Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.

3、Where there is a will, there is a way.造句練習(xí)：地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。4. 表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作：Here comes the bus!5. 表示將來(lái)1) 表按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的趨向動(dòng)詞），可以與表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通狀況。如：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.How often does the shuttle bus run?2) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

4、表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情：When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.I shall go there tomorrow unless Im too busy.【練習(xí)題】 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those who from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is workingB. worksC. workD. worked What would you do if it _ tomorrow?-We hav

5、e to carry it on, since weve got everything already.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式情況變形方法例詞一般情況+edworkworked不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾+dlivelived輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i+edcarrycarriedstudystudiedsupplysupplied重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后的輔音字母+edplanplannedstopstoppedpreferpreferredregretregretted特殊情況不規(guī)則fleefled

6、flyflewrunranbreakbroke*閉音節(jié)：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果發(fā)字母本來(lái)的音則稱為開(kāi)音節(jié)，否則稱為閉音節(jié)。1. 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before , when , in the past等）。如：Jim rang you just now.Liu Ying was in Amer

7、ica last year.2. 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，特別是used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過(guò)去常常。如：When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.She used to visit her mother once a week.*注意區(qū)分sb. used to do sth.（某人過(guò)去常常做某事，此處to是動(dòng)詞不定式標(biāo)志符號(hào)）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（某人習(xí)慣于某物/做某事，此處to是介詞）。3. 代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。此用法僅適

8、用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, would。如：I wondered if you could have a word with me.I hoped you could help me with my English.Would you mind my sitting here?4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用句型有：It is time that sb. did sth. “某人該做某事了”would rather sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”造句練習(xí)： 你該上床睡

9、覺(jué)去了。我寧愿你明天過(guò)來(lái)?！揪毩?xí)題】Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A. arent ; areB. arent ; wereC. werent ; areD. werent ; were三、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)標(biāo)志：will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形1. 表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：We shall have a lot of rain next month.My husband

10、 will come back in a few days.2. 表示傾向性和習(xí)慣性：Fish will die without water.When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種句式結(jié)構(gòu)辨析：1) will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形多用于表達(dá)主觀愿望或必定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情（“將會(huì)如何”），例句請(qǐng)見(jiàn)本章1、2節(jié)。*shall作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般只用于第一人稱2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生或打算要做的事：It is going to rain.We are going to have a meet

11、ing today.3) be to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：He is to visit Japan next year.We are to discuss the report on Monday.4) be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為“馬上要做某事”，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：The plane is about to start.Dont worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.四、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志：be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1. 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：She is w

12、riting a letter upstairs.Who are you waiting for?It is raining hard.2. 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行）：I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.3. 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，往往包含說(shuō)話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.He is always think

13、ing of others first.4. 表示將來(lái)1) 表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：Uncle Wang is coming.Theyre leaving for Beijing.2) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。如：Please drop in when you are passing my way.If he is still sleeping, dont wake him up.五、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志：was / were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1. 表示過(guò)去

14、某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如：I was having a talk with Lucy at that time. They were watching TV at home last night.2. 表示過(guò)去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，往往包含說(shuō)話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如：My brother was alway

15、s losing his keys.3. 表示按計(jì)劃、安排過(guò)去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)有一個(gè)主要用法就是描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景（一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生）：Granny fell asleep when she was reading.It was raining when they left the station.【練習(xí)】Mary _ a dress when s

16、he cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes六、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志：have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1. 表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況（表示“已完成”）。如：He has left the city. （結(jié)果：他目前不在這個(gè)城市）Someone has broken the window. （結(jié)果：窗戶破了）2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去（表示“未完成”）。I have been busy since last week.He has tau

17、ght in our school for 30 years.Ive finished half so far.注意 瞬間動(dòng)詞通常是不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)性的，但其否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以。如：She hasnt seen you for ages.His father hasnt touched beer for a whole week.3. 表示過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在為止反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如：I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company

18、.4. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go the park.5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語(yǔ)很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常見(jiàn)的有：1) since 自從I have been there many times since the war. We havent

19、seen each other since last week. We have been friends ever since. 2) in / for / during the past/last years 在過(guò)去/最近中Ive been ill for the past three weeks.Great changes have take place in the last ten years.I have been here (for) the last/past month.3) so far 到目前為止We havent had any trouble so far.So fa

20、r the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.4) up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止Up to now hes been quiet.Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up till now.Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.5) It is/will be the first/second time that 這是第一/二次Its the first

21、time (that) Ive been here.It will be the first time (that) Ive spoken in public.It is the second time (that) I have met him today.6) This is + 形容詞最高級(jí) + that 這是最This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去，不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如：I have seen this fi

22、lm. （我已經(jīng)看過(guò)了這部電影）I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的這部電影）2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或者干脆沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如yesterday, last night, ago, in 1980, in February等）。3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)一般使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如live, teach, work, know等）；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)常使用瞬間動(dòng)詞（如be

23、gin, buy, die, marry等）。如：He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.My grandfather bought the car five years ago.7. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析1) 考生容易把一些瞬間動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)，這是錯(cuò)誤的。如：() He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。() He has been dead for two years.() He died two years ago.() The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開(kāi)演十分鐘了。() Th

24、e film has been on for 10 minutes.() The film began 10 minutes ago.() She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。() She has been married for three years.() She married Mike three years ago.2) 考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點(diǎn)，但have been to表示去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)回來(lái)）。如：She ha

25、s been to Paris (three times).She has gone to Paris.【練習(xí)】 The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever hadD. had ever had The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed七、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)標(biāo)志：had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分

26、詞1. 表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：By the end of last week he had finished the work.He had left when I arrived.2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞（如intend, think, plan, expect, ho

27、pe等）的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldnt get away.We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如：The party wouldnt have been so perfect if you hadnt come.I wish I had go

28、ne with you to the concert that day.造句練習(xí)： 我寧愿你告訴過(guò)她真相。5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)1) 基本區(qū)別：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示以過(guò)去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)（離現(xiàn)在兩年）He said he had studied there two years before.他說(shuō)他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)。（離他說(shuō)話時(shí)兩年）2) 特別注意：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如果按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：When she saw the mouse, she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.【練習(xí)】 When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD.