托福聽力材料表達(dá)方式有什么呢

1、托福聽力材料表達(dá)方式有什么呢 其實(shí)托福聽力如果能掌握一些好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)敲礋o論是對(duì)于托福聽力備考還是考試都很有幫助，今天給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃Σ牧媳磉_(dá)方式有什么呢，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。 時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式 漢語(yǔ)中用副詞表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)，而英語(yǔ)中是用動(dòng)詞的變形來表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的。中國(guó)考生一般都對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)缺乏敏感度，這是很正常的，這就像外國(guó)人很難掌握我們漢語(yǔ)中的聲調(diào)一樣。 在托福聽力中，尤其是在lecture(講座)中，我們要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化。因?yàn)樵谕懈５膌ecture文段開頭部分，教授常常會(huì)通過討論過去講的內(nèi)容來引出本次講座的內(nèi)容，或者討論過去的理論和觀點(diǎn)與當(dāng)前的新理論和新觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。如果不

2、注意時(shí)態(tài)，一股腦地聽下來，很容易會(huì)混淆lecture的主題，影響答題。 例如，托福聽力中一篇lecture的開頭如下 Up until now in our discussions and readings about the broken early classical periods, weve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres within the relatively narrow social context of its patronage by the upper classes But

3、 I think if I were asked to identify a single crucial development in European music of this time, it would be the invention of the piano 這篇lecture主要講的是鋼琴的發(fā)明對(duì)西方音樂史的影響，教授在講座開頭回憶了上幾節(jié)課談到的出資人如何影響音樂家的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。第一句中“weve been talking about”這樣的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表明了教授在討論過去講過的內(nèi)容。后面由表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的“But”引導(dǎo)的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)講述的內(nèi)容才是lecture的真正重心。 所以

4、，如果在托福聽力備考中能夠抓住時(shí)態(tài)的變化，我們就能更好地把握文段的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，將文章聽得更有調(diào)理。 否定含義的表達(dá)方式和雙重否定 在否定意義的表達(dá)上，漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的表述方式有比較大的差別。 我們來假設(shè)一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：媽媽讓小明吃菠菜補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)，可是小明非常不喜歡菠菜的味道，于是小明對(duì)媽媽說：“媽媽，你別讓我吃了，我_菠菜了。” 如果根據(jù)場(chǎng)景，幫小明把話補(bǔ)全來表達(dá)對(duì)菠菜的厭惡和否定，那么漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)大概會(huì)是：“媽媽，你別讓我吃了，我最不喜歡菠菜來了?！狈穸ǖ恼Z(yǔ)氣會(huì)很直接的表達(dá)出來。 那么，美語(yǔ)的表達(dá)會(huì)是怎么樣的呢，大概會(huì)是：“Mommy, please, the last thing I would like

5、 to eat is spinach. ”是的，美國(guó)人會(huì)說他想吃的東西中的最后一個(gè)是菠菜。這個(gè)邏輯 _人來說是比較“曲折”的，但是我們必須適應(yīng)，否則聽力中的某些關(guān)鍵句就會(huì)反應(yīng)不出來到底是什么含義。 另外，雙重否定的形式在漢語(yǔ)的固定詞組中比較常用，如“不得不”、“無不”等等。但是雙重否定在英語(yǔ)中用得更為靈活，不單單以固定詞組的形式出現(xiàn)。 約定俗成的表達(dá)方式 在托福聽力中有很多約定俗成的表達(dá)方式，而且這些方式往往都是由簡(jiǎn)單的單詞組成，非常容易望文生義。如果不知道這些表達(dá)方式的正確含義，以美式思維方式理解和記憶，就不能很好的理解聽力文段。 上面結(jié)合托福聽力說明了幾種表達(dá)的方式，這些大家在托福聽力備考

6、中如果能熟練掌握相信一定對(duì)大家的托福聽力能提供不小的幫助，希望各位能仔細(xì)斟酌。 Today I want to talk to you about wasps and their nests. 今天我想和你們談?wù)匋S蜂(馬蜂)和他們的巢。 Youll recall that biologists divide species of wasps into two groups: solitary and social. 你們會(huì)記得，生物學(xué)家把黃蜂的種類分成兩組：獨(dú)居的和群居的。 Solitary wasps, as the name implies, do not live together wi

7、th other wasps. 獨(dú)居的黃蜂，顧名思義，不和其他黃蜂生活在一起。 In most species the male and female get together only to mate, and then the female does all the work of building the nest and providing food for the offspring by herself. 在大多數(shù)的種群中，雄性和雌性在一起僅僅為了交配，然后雌性做所有筑巢的工作，并且她自己為后代提供食物。 Solitary wasps usually make nests in t

8、he ground and they separate the chambers for individual offspring with bits of grass, stone, or mud, whatever is handy. 獨(dú)居的黃蜂通常在地下筑巢，并且它們?yōu)榱藗€(gè)體的后代用少量的草，石頭或泥，無論怎樣(只要)是方便的(東西就行)，把窩分隔開來。 What about social wasps? 群居的黃蜂怎么樣呢? They form a munity and work together to build and maintain the nest. 它們形成一個(gè)群落并且在一起

9、工作來建造并維護(hù)(蜂)巢。 A nest begins in the spring when a fertile female, called the queen, builds the first few partments of the nest and lays eggs. (筑)巢始于春天，當(dāng)一只能生育的雌性，被稱作(蜂)后，建造蜂巢的開始的幾個(gè)隔室并開始產(chǎn)卵。 The first offspring are small females that cannot lay eggs. 第一批后代是小個(gè)的雌性不能下蛋。 These females, called workers, then

10、build a lot of new partments, and the queen lays more eggs. 這些雌性，叫做工蜂，然后會(huì)建造很多新的隔室，然后蜂后產(chǎn)更多的卵。 They also care for the new offspring and defend the nest with their stingers. 它們也照顧新的后代并且使用它們的刺保護(hù)蜂巢。 By the way, only female wasps have stingers. 順便說一下，只有雌性黃蜂有刺。 Most social wasps make nests of paper. 多數(shù)黃蜂用紙

11、做巢。 The females produce the paper by chewing up plant fibers or old wood. 雌性(黃蜂)產(chǎn)生紙是通過嚼碎植物纖維或者老舊的木頭。 They spread the paper in thin layers to make cells in which the queen lays her eggs. 他們把紙鋪成薄層來制作單元格，在那里蜂后產(chǎn)下她的卵。 Most of you, Im sure, have seen these nests suspended from trees. 你們大多數(shù)(人)，我相信，曾經(jīng)見過這些蜂巢

12、從樹上懸掛下來。 They may also be built underground in abandoned rodent burrows. 它們也可能被建造在地下，在被拋棄的嚙齒類動(dòng)物的地洞中。 One of the most popular myths about the United States in the nieenth century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. 關(guān)于美國(guó)在十九世紀(jì)的流傳最廣的傳言之一是自由和簡(jiǎn)單的農(nóng)民生活。 It was said that farmers worked hard o

13、n their own land to produce whatever their families needed. 據(jù)說農(nóng)民在他們自己的土地上辛勤的勞作，生產(chǎn)他們家庭需要的一切。 They might sometimes trade with neighbors; but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on mercial ties with others. 他們可能有時(shí)候同鄰居交易，但通常他們能夠自給自足(他們依靠他們自己生活的還好)，與他人沒有商業(yè)關(guān)系。 This is h

14、ow Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmer at the beginning of the nieenth century, and, at that time, this may have been close to the truth, especially on the frontier. 這就是Thomas Jefferson如何理想化了的十九世紀(jì)初期的農(nóng)民，并且，在那時(shí)，這也許已經(jīng)接近了真相，特別是在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。 But by mid-century, sweeping changes in agriculture were well under

15、way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. 但是在世紀(jì)中葉，當(dāng)農(nóng)民開始專門化種植農(nóng)作物如：棉花或者玉米或者小麥的(產(chǎn)量的)時(shí)候，農(nóng)業(yè)上的 _變化已經(jīng)充分開始， By late in the century, revolutionary advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of specialized crops. 在世紀(jì)末，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械上的革命性的改進(jìn)，極大地增加了專業(yè)作物的產(chǎn)量

16、。 And the extensive work of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to markets in the East and even overseas. 而且廣大的鐵路網(wǎng)把全國(guó)的農(nóng)民同東部的，甚至海外的市場(chǎng)連接了起來。 By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieve a much higher standard of living, but at a price.

17、 通過種植和出售專門的作物，農(nóng)民能夠買得起更多和能好的商品，并且獲得更高的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是價(jià)錢很高。 Now, farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts. 現(xiàn)在，農(nóng)民不再僅僅依靠天氣和他們自己的努力。 Their lives were increasingly controlled by banks, which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads, which set the r

18、ates for shipping their crops to market. 他們的生活越來越多地受到銀行的控制，(銀行)有權(quán)利同意或拒絕給新機(jī)器貸款，受到鐵路(的控制)，(鐵路)為運(yùn)輸他們的作物到市場(chǎng)上設(shè)定價(jià)格。 As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depressions and the influence of world supply and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas. 作為商人，農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在不得不擔(dān)心國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，

19、以及世界的供應(yīng)與需求的影響，舉例來說，Kansas的小麥價(jià)格。 And so, by the end of the nieenth century, the era of Jeffersons independent farmer had e to a close. 因此，在十九世紀(jì)末，Jefferson的獨(dú)立的農(nóng)民的時(shí)代已經(jīng)終結(jié)。 Before moving on to a new topic, I want to finish up our unit on arachnids by looking at what may seem a very unusual aspect of spid

20、er behavior, a species where the young spiders actually consume the body of their mother. 在轉(zhuǎn)到新的主題之前，我想結(jié)束我們?cè)谥胄尉V上的單元，通過著眼于一個(gè)看似非常不同尋常的蜘蛛行為的方面，年幼的蜘蛛實(shí)際上消耗他們母親的身體的一個(gè)種群。 Unlike most other spiders, this species lays one, and only one, clutch of 40 eggs in her lifetime. 不像大多數(shù)其他蜘蛛，這個(gè)種類在她的一生中下一窩，而且只下一窩，40只卵。 T

21、he young spiders hatch in mid-spring or early summer, inside a nest of eucalyptus leaves. 年幼的蜘蛛在仲春或初夏，在一個(gè)桉樹葉的窩里面。 Their mother spends the warm summer months bringing home large insectsoften 10 times her weightfor meal. 它們的母親消耗了幾個(gè)月的溫暖的夏季(時(shí)光)將大型的昆蟲帶回家通常10倍于她的重量當(dāng)食物。 The catch is always significantly mo

22、re than her young spiders can eat. 捕獲物總是大大地多于她的年幼的蜘蛛(幼仔)所能吃掉的。 So, the mother fattens herself up on this extra prey and stores the nutrients in her extra unfertilized eggs. 因此，(蜘蛛)母親用這些額外的獵物把自己養(yǎng)肥，并且把營(yíng)養(yǎng)素儲(chǔ)存在她另外的非受精卵中。 As the weather turns colder, there are fewer insect prey to hunt. 隨著天氣轉(zhuǎn)冷，能捕獵的昆蟲獵物很少了。 Thats when the nutrients stored in those extra eggs begin to seep into the mothers bloodstream. 那就是當(dāng)儲(chǔ)存在這些另外的卵中的這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)素開始滲入到母親的血流中的時(shí)候。 So, when there are no more insects to feed