德國(guó)英文簡(jiǎn)介PPT課件

1、.,1,The introduction of Germany,2012.6,.,2,The development of Germany,Germany is located in Western Europe, east neighbour Poland, the Czech republic, south by Austria and Switzerland, west meets Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, north and Denmark connected and adjacent north and Baltic sea

2、and the Nordic countries facing each other across the sea.,.,3,The state government to parliament a republic. The President is head of state. The federal government by the federal prime minister and federal minister of certain people, the federal prime minister for the heads of government. Germany i

3、s a founding member of the European Union, is the United Nations, the north Atlantic treaty organization, the g8, the union for the Mediterranean members.,.,4,Germany is Europes first big powers, the worlds second largest commodity exporters and the third largest commodity importers, at the same tim

4、e in medical research, technology innovation in many fields such as a leading position in the world. On October 3, 1990, since the cold war split the 41 years of German unity again.,.,5,The federal republic of the national flag,A rectangle, long and wide ratio is 5:3. Top down by black, red, gold (y

5、ellow) three parallel equal horizontal rectangles connected and into.,.,6,The origin of the SanSeQi vary and people can be traced back to the earliest in the first century of the Roman empire, in the later 16 th century Germany a peasant war and 17 th century Germany bourgeois democratic revolution,

6、 the representative of a republic SanSeQi flying on the earth and German.,.,7,Napoleon, a poet meet a wear black cloak hang red and golden patch pelosi button of the students volunteer corps, singing pity the oppressed people symbol black, red is freedoms mood, golden light and truth is ideal charac

7、terization of, hence with black, red, yellow SanSeQi as a united Germanys flag. Many times after the restructuring.,.,8,On October 3, 1990, after reunification of Germany is still using the federal republic of the national flag. Three color flag can be in the airport, hotel, party and other occasion

8、s suspension. The federal government agencies and embassies, with black hawk hanging the national emblem of design.,.,9,The federal republic of the national emblem,German national emblem for the golden shield emblem. The shield is a head on red necks on the wings, claws black hawk, black hawk symbol

9、izes strength and courage. In 1950 the German national emblem is formulated the products of history.,.,10,Its design for a gold yellow shield emblem features a unique style of black eagle, hawk beak, claw are red. The design of the twelfth century came from the earliest HuoHeng sauron family, this f

10、amily has ruled Prussia, and later became the German royal family. To the eagle in figure, as early as the ninth century had appeared. It is said that, this design is by frank king Charles I troops from the Roman empire to Germany.,.,11,In 1918 the German empire after the collapse of the weimar repu

11、blic also USES black, red, yellow SanSeQi as the national flag. In September 1949 the federal republic of established, still the weimar republic of the period SanSeQi; Established in October of the German democratic republic also USES SanSeQi, just by adding the hammer, including is gauge, the natio

12、nal emblem of grain, etc, to show distinction.,.,12,The federal republic of the national anthem,The German song of the third paragraph of, the lyrics are auguste, sea for lehi and hoffman von perez ray this (1798-1874) wrote in 1841, the tune the father of symphony Franz. Joseph.Haydn (1732-1809) of

13、 the creation of the song god save franco is emperor melody.,.,13,1922 years of in the weimar republic third anniversary was established, and the first President of the republic of friedrich.Albert will deutsche song upgraded to the national anthem. In 1952, in the federal President Johnson and the

14、federal prime minister ismail between adenauer a communication, this song to be admitted to the national anthem. Federal WeiCiZeKe and federal prime minister cole President in August of 1991 in communications confirmed deutsche song to the unity of the traditional German.,.,14,German political syste

15、m,Regime organization form Head of state The federal parliament The federal government The federal court The federal system Electoral system Political party system,.,15,Regime organization form,The federal Germany to adopt a separation powers of the rocs parliament. Set up the federal parliament, th

16、e federal government and the federal judiciary, exercise the legislative and administrative power and respectively judicial power, mutual self-interest.,.,16,Head of state,According to the weimar republic two yuan administrative system of teaching, the basic law set the federal President as virtual

17、leaders. The President nominated by political parties, the federal senate all the members and the same number of state council representatives of the federal assembly elected without discussion;,.,17,Term of five years, even choose 1 time can be re-elected. The President is not the federal governmen

18、ts members, dont have the actual administrative power. The main duties by signing and published by the house and senate through by the federal prime minister and the minister of FuShu relevant laws, decrees; According to the decision of the federal senate appointment federal prime minister, accordin

19、g to the federal prime minister the nomination of the federal department are appointed or removed; Chaired the national etiquette sexual activity, etc.,.,18,The federal parliament,The federal Germanys top legislature. By the federal house and senate composition. The federal senate through universal

20、suffrage, each term in 4 years. Main functions: set and through the law, supervise the implementation of the law; The election and remove the federal prime minister; Participate in the election federal President; Participate in the federal constitution and federal election court high court judge;,.,

21、19,The federal government approval with foreign international treaties and On the federal President deliberately damages the basic law or other federal law the conduct of the impeachment; And so on. The senate is the state government by the population designated three to five name government members

22、. State representative term not unified, sent by the state decided to remove.,.,20,The federal senate key authority is: bill right (its proposal must be approved by the federal government submitted to the federal senate), and on the federal legislation passed by the house have right to review; To ch

23、ange the basic law and states involved involved and financial administrative act or the federal government promulgated the regulations containing all the content have veto power; The federal government and the states of a dispute or conflict; The federal government approval for a state take compulso

24、ry measures;,.,21,State of emergency declared in legislation; Participate in the federal constitution and federal election court high court judge; Participate in the federal government approval with foreign international treaties and On the federal President deliberately damage of federal law behavi

25、or impeach; Participate in the budget, the Treasury and the debts of the supervision; And so on. The senate is actually the federal government in the United States federal agencies.,.,22,State government through the senate, participate in the federal legislative and administrative affairs, to federa

26、l legislation and administrative has auxiliary and contain role. Senate in federal and state and the balance between states and coordinating functions.,.,23,The federal government,By the federal prime minister and the federal department are form of all relevant federal domestic and foreign, national

27、 defense, financial, economic and social all aspects of affairs to make a decision to carry on the management. According to the 1968 as the basic law of the supplement of the emergency law, the government in very period have all the power back.,.,24,The prime minister is head of government and state

28、 administrative organs of the supreme leader, by the President nominated by the general assembly and federal senate election. The ministers approved by the President nominated by the prime minister. The prime minister and the ministers are not set pair job, but can have a minister concurrently deput

29、y prime minister.,.,25,The prime minister told the house is responsible for, the ministers responsible for prime minister. But the senate to vote only enthusiasm distrust, namely to most lawmakers have elected a successor and ask a federal President will be deposed prime minister, to express the fed

30、eral prime minister of distrust.,.,26,The power of the federal prime minister widely, basically have: (1) the council approved or not agree to restructuring government, setting ministry-level agencies, cabinet work procedures provisions, delimit the limits of authority of each. (2) in the form and t

31、he government activity in the process, to the ministers in major to exercise the nomination.,.,27,(3) working in the government process, make overall policy guidelines exercise of power. (4) if the prime minister said he asked to trust didnt get the house proposal federal support, he may request the

32、 federal President dissolved in 21 days federal chamber. But the house if elected a new prime minister, is right to terminate immediately dissolved.,.,28,The federal court,The judicial authority of the right to enjoy extensive judicial review. The federal court system consisted of the Supreme Court,

33、 specialized courts and constitutional court. Each state has local court, district court, state Supreme Court and state constitutional court. The federal court in the states are not set alone grassroots courts. State court is the Supreme Court subordinates court.,.,29,The federal and state are the s

34、ame court system. The constitutional court position higher than other court. The federal constitution court has the right to just and federal agencies on the rights and obligations of the constitution explain; Ruling the federal and state or states about the dispute between the constitution. Half it

35、s members by the federal elected house, half the senate by the federal court.,.,30,The federal system,The federal Germany continue in the period of the weimar federalism. The basic law provides the federal and state power distribution and relationship of basic principle: the federal power in the pow

36、er of the state to above. The legislative power mainly by the federal exercise, the administrative power and judicial power mainly by the state to exercise. Federal have the basic law of the legislative power and there are proprietary legislative power, the states have reserves of legislative power

37、and the legislative power.,.,31,All the federal legislation, state and the legislation that is against the natural failure. Without the inalienable rights of states, states the constitution also must comply with the basic law basic principles. The administrative power and judicial power not only by

38、the states most exercise, and federal also entrust states exercise the power of the part to the federal. In the budget, federal and state is free and independent.,.,32,Electoral system,The President and prime minister by federal indirectly elected. By federal senate directly elected. The federal law

39、makers have half according to most of the first names constituency is elected representation system, and the other half elected by proportional representation. All citizens over 18 all have the right to vote, who has reached the legal adult will be the right to vote. Each election voters 2 times, in

40、cluding one for individual candidates ticket, one for the party ticket.,.,33,The national points 248 constituencies, each of the constituencies returns 1 members, and constituencies of the candidate per capita in person and not have emerged with the party. The proportional representation election ac

41、cording to how many votes each political party is proportional distribution seats. For distribution to deduct their party with individual name get seats, the rest of the places all by themselves. This is proportional representation and most representative with the combination of a kind of electoral

42、system.,.,34,Political party system,Implement multi-party system. But since the 1950 s, which, in the general election to gain from the main political parties seats is Christian democratic union-the Christian social union, the social Democrats and liberal Democrats. According to the electoral law, i

43、n the whole nation not getting 5% of the vote or directly get 3 seats party cant enter the house. This strengthened the status, exclude a large number of small parties.,.,35,The federal Germanys ruling party in parliament must have more than half of the majority, are usually two party coalition gove

44、rnment. Since the s, mainly by Christian democratic union-Christian social union and the social Democrats take turns the government organization, the liberal Democrats just as the partys alliance two roles.,.,36,German economy,Germany Germany is the economy is very developed country. With the dollar

45、 exchange rates word is the worlds fourth-largest economy, measured at purchasing-power parity for the worlds fifth largest economy. Germany is Europes largest economy.Germany for export-led economy. Export to Germany has a significant effect on the economy. For decades, Germany at the world trade e

46、xports, known as the export champions, until 2009 was China replaced. Germany the euro. The European central banks headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany, also.,.,37,Agriculture,The national land area is a most used for agriculture, but the German engaged in agriculture work of the population, accounted

47、 for only 2% of the employees to 3%.,.,38,Industry,Germany is one of the eight major industrial countries around the world. Ruhr is Germanys traditional coal and steel industry. Munich (BMW car headquarters is located), Hamburg, VFB Stuttgart (mercedes-benz and porsche headquarters is located), VFL

48、wolfsburg (Volkswagen Volkswagen headquarters) also formed a strong manufacturing clusters. Berlin, leipzig, dresden is east German industrial towns. New industrial concentration area in Munich.,.,39,Germanys major industrial departments have the electronics, aerospace, automotive, precision machine

49、ry, equipment manufacturing, war industry, etc. Germany is famous for its good quality products, leading technology, the work is exquisite, but cost is higher. Germanys industrial goods enjoys high reputation in the world, and Germany is the biggest car producer in Western Europe.,.,40,German cultur

50、e,By the influence of the Italian Renaissance, Germanys 18 th century literature to the top. Goethe, Heine, Schiller, lessing and green brothers were distinguished representatives.,.,41,The 20 th century most famous writers have Thomas mann, the sea for lehi mann and Harriet, bertolt brecht. Writer

51、heinrich? Harriet glasss and gong respectively in 1972 and 1999 received the Nobel Prize for literature. Germany has more than 3000 museum, the collection content is very rich. In addition, every year held various art festival, fair and film festival, etc. Frankfurt and leipzig is Germany book publi

52、shing industry center.,.,42,Germany books in the world after the United States copies of the second. Music is German the indispensable component in the life. Germany makes every different period of music masters, such as Beethoven, Bach, Mendelssohn, Wagner, etc. Berlin philharmonic is famous in the

53、 world. Churches, palaces and castles Germany important cultural heritage. German the concept of time is stronger, whether in business or in private contacts, the German people pay attention to be on time. The German people pay attention to credit, the general is not easily change partners.,.,43,Bui

54、lding,.,44,Brandenburg Gate,Located in the center of Berlin street the Brandenburg gate banyan tree and June 17 at the crossroads of the street, Berlin is the famous resort and the symbol of German unification. In 1753, the king of Prussia and WeiLianYiShi was fritz for Dublin, ordered the building

55、14 of the gates Berlin city, so sit door toward the east, and then WeiLianYiShi was fritz family in the king the birthplace of named Bob langdon. At the door is only a with two huge stone pillars support pallet monolith.,.,45,In 1788, the king of Prussia was fritz and unified the imperial German Wil

56、liam iv took place, is to celebrate, hence to rebuild the door. Germany then famous construction experts Karl Goethe Hal Lang Hans was instructed to undertake design and construction work, he in ancient Greece Athens at the gates of original version, design the arc DE triomphe the gates of type, and

57、 was completed in 1791.,.,46,After the reconstruction of the high gate 20 m, width of 65. 6 meters, 11 m depth, the door is 5 aisle, in the middle of the channel the most wide. According to history records, in the middle of the channels emperor abdicated in 1918 before allowing only royal family wal

58、k. Each channel with enormous door between the sandstone TiaoShi separated, the TiaoShi at each end of the act the role ofing 6 root 14 meters high, bottom diameter of 1.,.,47,Pillow palace,Pillow palace is located in the federal republic of BoLanDengBaoZhou eastern capital of the Potsdam city north

59、 suburb. Palace name comes from French original intention unconcerned (or mo sorrow). Pillow palace and around the forest is the king of Prussia Frederick ii (1745-1757) during the construction of the French Versailles palace modelled on the building style of the building.,.,48,Cologne cathedral,Cologne cathedral is the worlds most perfect gothic church, is located in the city centre Germany of the Rhine. Things long 144. 55 m, width of 86 north and south. 25 meters, hall high 43. 35 m, spots, 109 meters high, the central is two Bridges and even build by laying bricks or stones together the d