2016年初中英語被動語態(tài)深度講解、練習(xí)及答案

1、.初中英語被動語態(tài)深度講解語態(tài)的基本概念和種類語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。所以英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.（一） 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。 1一般現(xiàn)在時：amisaretaught She often watersthe

2、flowers.The flowers are often watered by herEnglish is spoken by lots of people in the world 2一般過去時：wasweretaught Was/were doneWe visited a form yesterday.A form was visited yesterday by us.the cup was broken by the boy.He was saved at last.My bike was stolen,Some new computers were stolen last nigh

3、t.This book was published in 1981. 這本書出版于1981年3一般將來時：willshall betaught Am/ is /are going to be doneShe will plant some trees this week.some trees will be planted this week.our class is going to hold a party this morning.A party is going to be held this evening by our classA new road will be built n

4、ext year4現(xiàn)在進行時：amisare beingtaught 過去進行時：was/ were being doneHe is reading a novel.A novel is being readThe problem was being discussed nowThe machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.5現(xiàn)在完成時：havehas beentaught 歌訣是：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面We have finished the work.The work has already been finished

5、by us.6情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是?？嫉囊粋€知識點：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞He can speak English English can be spoken by himWe should plant more trees on the mountainMore trees should be planted on the mountainYou must finished your homework in time your homework must be finished finished in time（三）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法與注意事項 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟

6、。 謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。(1) 通常的辦法是：將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e / get +過去分詞”形式，將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 這棵樹是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 這些機器是長沙

7、造的。(2) 將含有復(fù)合賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，而賓語的補足語則留在原處成為主語補足語。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天門被漆成綠色了。注意：表示“使、讓”的動詞make, have等，以及感官動詞see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，感官動詞或使役動詞的主動語態(tài)后跟不帶to不定式作賓語補足語，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須轉(zhuǎn)為帶to不定式。 如：I saw a bag drop f

8、rom the bus. A bag was seen to drop from the bus.Mother made her baby sleep in her arms. The baby was made to sleep in her mothers arms. I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看見他進入了教師辦公室。We often hear her sing in the next room.She is often heard to sing i

9、n the next room.The boss made them work for 16 hours a dayThey were msde to work for 16 hours a days by the boss(3) 帶雙賓語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，既可將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而在間接賓語前加to 或for留在動詞之后；也可將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，而直接賓語留在動詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. The pen was given to me las

10、t year. 這支筆是去年給我的。He bought me a book=a book was bought for me by him直接賓語和間接賓語都可作被動語態(tài)的主語。如：Mr. Smith gave us a lecture. We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.或 -A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.當(dāng)句中含有return, write, find, buy等動詞時，常把直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)的主語，同時要注意介詞的搭配。 如：I returned him the book. The book was retur

11、ned to him. （注意用to）He wrote me a short note. A short note was written to me.(注意用to)He found me an umbrella. An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)I bought her some flowers. Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for）【說明】一般說來，間接賓語前帶to的動詞有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, t

12、each, tell, write, throw等；間接賓語前帶for的動詞有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 動詞believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被動語態(tài)，常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人們說他在車禍中受傷了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人們說他在車禍中受傷了。(5)

13、短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，短語動詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略，短語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體。如：She has never been operated on before. 她從未動過手術(shù)。The baby was looked after by her sister. 這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的計劃大家都嘲笑。We cant look down upon anybody. Anybody cant be looked down upon.The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm e

14、very day. The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.（6）動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)：即把to do 變成to be done（五）不用被動語態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spr

15、ead, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 如，After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。 (錯) The price has been risen. (對) The price has risen. (錯) The accident was happened last week. (對) The accident hap

16、pened last week. (錯) The price has raised. (對) The price has been raised. (錯) Please seat. (對) Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。 2）動詞形式上是被動的，但實際上是“系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)，一般學(xué)習(xí)方法是靠平時積累。如：He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。The boy was lost in the street. 男孩在街上迷路了

17、。The girl is dressed in a red skirt. 這個女孩穿著紅裙子。He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。My dream is gone with the wind. 我的夢隨風(fēng)而去了。3）當(dāng)break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write, open, close等動詞有狀語修飾時，用主動形式表示被動意義。Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。The cloth washes well. 這種布料很好洗。This new book sells well

18、. 新書很暢銷。Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。The letter reads as follows. 信的內(nèi)容如下。The glass cleans easily. 這些杯子易洗。The new car runs well. 這輛新車跑得很正常。My new bike rides well. 我的新自行車很好騎。The shoes wear long. 這種鞋子很耐穿。The pen writes smoothly. 這筆寫起來很流暢。 The shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm4) 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語： f

19、it, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 如，This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.5) 系動詞無被動語態(tài)： appear, be become, fall, feel, get,

20、 grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. The food looks nice but tastes bad .Your pikan sounds good.6) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 7) 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。 (對) She likes to swim. (錯) To swim is

21、liked by her.二、復(fù)習(xí)時需要注意的要點（1）由主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)的步驟：主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中的主語；主動語態(tài)句中的動詞改為相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)；主動語態(tài)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中by的賓語。（2）主動語態(tài)句中的謂語動詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種：把間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留直接賓語把直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時，一般需在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（3）在短語see sb. do sth. 中，動詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補。改為被動語態(tài)時要加上to。用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞一般是表示知覺的動詞如see, hear等，以及使役動詞make,

22、let等。小試 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _(celebrate) in China.2. I _ (ask) by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.3. Books of this kind _ (sell) very well.4. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the room _ (paint).5. The boy _ (bring up) in the countryside.6. A good job _ me last

23、 year. (offer)初中英語被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often

24、sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _.

25、 A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B ill be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the

26、 world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers _ yet. A. ha

27、ve not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 16 _

28、 the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 17_ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_?A. write B.

29、 wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxes A. was B. were C. is D. am( )21 The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. ca

30、n mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 25 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown( )

31、 26 The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 28The pot _ for _ hot water.A.used; keeping B. was

32、used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )29Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 30 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 31 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hang

33、ing D. hung( )32 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 34Old people must be looked after well and _ pol

34、itely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 35 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well afterC. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 36 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care( )37 They were_

35、at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 38These walls_stone.A.are made ofB. made of C. are made intoD. made into( ) 39 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( )40 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C.

36、shown / D. have shown( ) 41 The coat _her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( ) 42 I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 43 Good care_such things. A.should take of B. should be takenC. should be taking D

37、. should be taken of( ) 44She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you( )45The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 46 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 47 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 48 These stones _ well. A. are fitted B. fitC. fit D. is fitted( )49 The