現(xiàn)在完成時的句型、用法及例句[共3頁]

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時1 構成 助動詞 have/has + 過去分詞例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked.否定句 I have not (havent ) worked. He has not (hasnt )worked .疑問句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ?回答Yes，I have. / No , I havent . Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt.2 功能及意義1. 表示一個動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，但沒有具體的過去時間修飾。常由下列副詞修飾： ever曾經(jīng)， never從不， already已經(jīng)

2、， yet還（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑問句中）， just剛剛， recently，lately近來， so far 迄今為止= until now, up to now， before 以前例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？I have never heard of such a man.我從沒有聽說過那個人。We have just had lunch 我們剛剛吃過午飯I have already returned your money.我已經(jīng)把錢還給你了。I havent found my book yet. （否）我

3、還沒有找到筆記本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作業(yè)了嗎？Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的來信了嗎？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今為止 還沒有人犯錯誤 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過 2 表示一個動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結束或者仍在繼續(xù)。常常與下列時間狀語連用： for + 一段時間I have learned English for 8 years sin

4、ce + 過去的一個時間點I have learned English since 2001 since + 一段時間+ agoI have learned English since 8 years agosince + 時態(tài)為一般過去時的時間狀語從句I have learned English since I was 5 years old in the past/last +時間段We have had two English exams in the past two months近兩個月來我們進行了2次英語考試Great changes have taken place in my

5、hometown in the past ten years 近十年來我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。三 延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的用法現(xiàn)在完成時中， 與一段時間連用時應注意句中的謂語動詞須是延續(xù)性動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞不可和一段時間連用。我離開這所學校已經(jīng)八年了。誤 ： I have left this school for eight years（）他借用我的詞典已經(jīng)兩天了誤： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（）非延續(xù)動詞與一段時間連用時，可做相應轉化因此中例句正確形式分別為我離開這所學校已經(jīng)八年了。正 ： I have been away fro

6、m this school for eight years（）他借用我的詞典已經(jīng)兩天了正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（）其它非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段連用時的變形buyhave borrow keep, fall asleep be asleep leave be away begin be on die be dead,join be in或be a member of return be back come/arrive be in get up be up,marry be married catch a cold have a cold在否

7、定句中短暫性動詞可與短時間連用I havent gone to see him for several months（ 我已經(jīng)好幾個月沒有去看他了） I havent bought anything for two months 四 區(qū)分 have been to +地點; 表示去過某個地方（已經(jīng)回來），常與ever, never ,幾次，等連用have gone to +地點: 表示到地方去了（還沒回來）have been in+地點： 表示到了某個地方（多久了），常與 for + 段時間連用比較：He has been to China twice(曾經(jīng)去過,現(xiàn)在不在中國） He has

8、gone to China 他到中國去了.（他可能已在去中國的路上，或已到中國，總之，現(xiàn)在不在這里） He has been in China for two years(他到中國已經(jīng)兩年了）五 對完成時的提問用 how long.? 不能用 when. ?六 現(xiàn)在完成時常用句型1 It is the first/second time.that.結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時It is the first time that I have visited the city這是我第一次參觀這座城市It is the third time that the boy has been late這是

9、這個男生第三次遲到了2 This is the. that. 結構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時This is the best film that I ve (ever) seen這是我看過的最好的電影This is the first time that Ive heard him sing這是我第一次聽他唱歌3 It is / It has been + 時間段+ since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自從上一次我們相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了Its / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3個月了4 一段時間+ 完成時結構+ since 引導的時間狀語從句Two years has passed since I came here. 七 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, three w