2020年北京高考英語試卷

1、絕密本科目考試啟用前2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷） 英語本試卷共12頁，共120分?？荚嚂r(shí)長100分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分） 第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life

2、. “My mum was a great cook, and shed sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mums help. Oliver says if youre 2 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when its

3、possible.BSingle-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5 (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6 countless tiny pi

4、eces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7 (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.CA piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously

5、thought. The Neanderthals 9 (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but its long been assumed that human ancestors were 10 (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool ma

6、de by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A 、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town ofVail.On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of

7、the town. Near the end, we all 11 at the fountain nearthe bridge, and the kids waded (蹚水) around in the fountain until we 12 . This is one of the busiest walking streets.After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder 13 that nowhere could he find his backpack, which 1

8、4 his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough 15 , we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.Ponder has never 16 anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision (指導(dǎo)) for managing his第 10頁17 .He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. “But Dad,” he said

9、, through massive 18 , “they dontmake that kind of watch anymore.” We were all very 19 .Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I 20 him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the pol

10、ice and ask them if the backpack had been 21 .As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black 22 there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not 23 what it was or if it was hers.“See it, Dad?

11、” Ponder shouted. “Dont get too 24 because that may not be it,” I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was 25 there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could 26 it.I literally

12、27 when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party was blown away by this “miracle ( 奇 跡 )” .In my wildest 28 , I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect 29 for a child in losing something important to lose it and feel

13、the full 30 of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.11A droveBhikedCmetDunited12A landedBleftCsettledDslept13A respondedBrecognisedCrealisedDrecalled14A containedBcombinedCcomprisedDcovered15A preparationBcheckupCrevisionDsearch16A wastedBlostCsoughtDdeserted17A emotionBtimeCmoneyDstuff18

14、A tearsBfistsCreliefsDoutbreaks19A hesitantBcuriousCsadDeager20A promisedBinformedCwarnedDtaught21A worn outBcaught upCput awayDturned in22A hidingBsittingCswingingDflowing23A assessBdeclareCtellDpredict24A excitedBpuzzledCrelaxedDamused25A alreadyBevenCalmostDstill26A takeBseeCtouchDprotect27A pani

15、ckedBexplodedCcollapsedDcried28A dreamsBclaimsCeffortsDpassions29A modeBlessonCoptionDplot30A rangeBpressureCweightDharvest第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A 、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning in

16、dustry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow ( 賦予) Lancom with an enormous potent

17、ial for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. E

18、xamples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and wheneve

19、r. We work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And its all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat.Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and add

20、resses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. Y ou will find it very

21、rewarding to learn with Lancom.Choose Y our Subscription and Get Started1 month3 months6 months12 months$12.95/m$8.95/m$7.45/m$6.95/mBuy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you arent satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days.Contact & Support: 31.

22、 Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? A Culture researchers.BAI specialists.CLanguage experts.DArt designers.32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app?A A flexible system.BAn effective method. CThe brain-training technique.DThe informative content.33. Lancom cla

23、ims that it is unique in its .A personalised coursesBmultiple languagesCpricing policyDservice team BBaggy has become the first dog in the UK and potentially the world to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar

24、so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk ofdeveloping lung problems.Conventional air pollution monitors are normally f

25、ixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (嬰兒車), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.The doggy data research was the idea of Baggys 13-year

26、-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emp

27、hasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘).Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.”“Tom built up a passion for e

28、nvironmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets (小裝置). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why dont we put it on Baggys collar and let her mo

29、nitor the pollution? So we did it.”Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.”34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can .A take pollutant readingsBrecord pollutant levels Cprocess collected dat

30、aDreduce air pollution35. What can we learn from the Baggy data? A High places are free of air pollution. BHigher pushchairs are more risky for kids. CConventional monitors are more reliable.DAir is more polluted closer to the ground.36. What is Toms purpose of doing the research?A To warn of a heal

31、th risk.BTo find out pollution sources. CTo test his new monitor.DTo prove Baggys abilities.37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?A Modest.BGenerous.CCreative.DOutgoing.CFor the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating lon

32、g-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.The authors intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have

33、been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “Y ou simply cant get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing thing

34、s the old-fashioned way isnt just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-da

35、y problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. Whats more, reconstructions might be the only w

36、ay to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We cant appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appea

37、red something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.Smith has put the manuscripts ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights exper

38、imentation, teamwork, and problem solving.Back when science then called “the new philosophy” took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering ( 修 補(bǔ) ), as craftsmen experimented with glass to b

39、etter bend light.If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.38. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?A Confused about the technical terms. BImpressed with its det

40、ailed instructions. CDiscouraged by its complex structure. DShocked for her own lack of hand skills.39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to . A restore old workshopsBunderstand the craftsmen Cimprove visual effectsDinspire the philosophers40. Why does the author mention mus

41、eums? A To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. BTo present the findings of old science.C. To highlight the importance of antiques.D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.41. Which would be the best title for this passage? A Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists BCraftsmanship Leads to New Theorie

42、s CCraftsmanship Makes Better ScientistsDCraftsmen Reshape the Future of ScienceDCertain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms ( 算 法 ) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are tr

43、anslating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.Some of todays AI pione

44、ers want to move on from todays world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, todays powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the

45、 clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If were successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial

46、 scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities

47、 of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced ( 強(qiáng) 化 ) by many works of fiction Mary Shelleys Franke

48、nstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敵對行為). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom,

49、 who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of todays excited discussion about these possibilities presupp

50、oses the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A Enormous in q

51、uantity.BChangeable daily.CStable in quality.DPresent everywhere.43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A Help to tackle problems.BMake brains more active. CBenefit ambitious people.DSet up powerful databases.44. As for Irving Goods opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the autho

52、r is . A supportiveBdisapprovingCfearfulDuncertain45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage? A It may be only a dream.B. It will come into being soon.C. It will be controlled by humans.D. It may be more dangerous than ever.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Many

53、 people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping ones head in thesand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncerta

54、in of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 46 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stre

55、ss caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 47 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans ( 壽 命 ), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinki

56、ng also contributes to ones ability to deal with problems and hardships. 48 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (緩沖作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (適應(yīng)

57、性強(qiáng)的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 49In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for deal