級考試作文題型分析.ppt

1、a,1,四級考試歷年作文題型分析,a,2,四級作文從試題角度可以分為現(xiàn)象解釋型、問題解決型、對比選擇類、諺語解釋分析。四六級命題組總結(jié)在這四種類型當(dāng)中，現(xiàn)象解釋型的考試幾率最高，考生需特別注意。下面具體解釋這四種類型,a,3,一、 現(xiàn)象解釋型,命題主要要求考生對某一社會現(xiàn)象進行解釋并加以評論。 寫作方法：描述現(xiàn)象分析原因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)象做出預(yù)測或如何促進(限制)這種現(xiàn)象的進一步發(fā)展。 讓我們來看下歷年四級作文命題： (1) 2012年6月 On Excessive Packaging (2) 2010年6月 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling (3) 20

2、09年12月 Creating a Green Campus (4) 2009年6月 Free Admission to Museums (5) 2008年6月 Recreational Activities,a,4,2012年6月英語四級 題目：On Excessive Packaging 提綱：1. 目前很多商品存在過度包裝現(xiàn)象 2. 出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因 3. 我對這一現(xiàn)象的看法和建議 此話題是一個常見的社會話題,相對來說比較容易下筆。從結(jié)構(gòu)上說,這篇作文只需把三條提綱擴展為三個段落即可：第一段提出本文所討論的現(xiàn)象過度包裝盛行;第二段分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因;第三段提出自己的看法和建議,a,

3、5,On Excessive Packaging,In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many products or items to be excessively packaged. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of customers find it more expensive to purchase these goods. Taking a look around, we can find a great many examples in supermarkets:

4、excessive packages of food, clothes and gifts. It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse. In the first place, some customers psychological need is the root cause. These packages bring the sense of beauty, arouse peoples enthusiasm to buy, and help manufacturers to promote sale,a,6

5、,In the second place, it is these packages that enable shops to build up a foundation for advertising. As a matter of fact, industries in mounting numbers have come to realize the necessity of packaging for sale. However, as a customer, I am convinced that quality of goods is of great importance. Th

6、us, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to buy goods without excessive packages. (170 words,a,7,2010年6月 題目：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 提綱：1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視 寫； 2.出現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象的原因是 3.為了改變這種狀況，我認為,a,8,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,Corre

7、ct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it。 They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be very st

8、rict in students spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling,a,9,To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one hand, the teachers should give more attention to students spelling, asking the

9、students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study。 To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the

10、teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling,a,10,2009年12月 題目：Creating a Green Campus 提綱：1. 建設(shè)綠色校園很重要 2. 綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境 3. 為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該 首先指出建設(shè)綠色校園這一現(xiàn)象很重要，然后敘述建設(shè)綠色校園的意義，最后為建設(shè)綠色校園提出良好建議,a,11,Creating a Green Campus,Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being

11、the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society. The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an en

12、vironmental sense in peoples mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students various environmental protection activities after their graduation,a,12,Whats more, the young generation is u

13、nder the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve. To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for peoples awareness of t

14、he serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society,a,13,2009年6月 題目： Free Admission to Museums 提綱： 1.

15、 越來越多的博物館免費對外開放 的目的是什么？ 2. 也會帶來一些問題 3. 你的看法？ 考生可依據(jù)此寫作模式來展開論述： 引出問題指出問題作者看法,a,14,Free Admission to Museums,Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities r

16、egarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well.

17、 The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the,a,15,sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or

18、 control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums. As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct.

19、 Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some “closed”days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a

20、long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development,a,16,2008年6月 題目：Recreational Activities 提綱：1. 娛樂活動多種多樣 2. 娛樂活動可能使人們受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作為大學(xué)生，我的看法,a,17,Recreational Activities,With the development of the economy, a wide range of creational activities are invariably available, from watching movies

21、to playing basketball and so on. Just because there are so many recreational activities, we must treat them appropriately. Some people think recreational activities are beneficial to our lives. There are many factors that may account for it. Recreational activities not only can enrich our life, but

22、also build our body. Moreover, we can improve the opportunity to communicate with our family members and friends and make many new,a,18,friends because most activities can be done with others. On the other hand, many kinds of recreational activities may have some bad effect on our lives. For example

23、, if we spend too much time on it, it will delay our work or study. As far as Im concerned, we should keep a balance between recreational activities and our work or study. We can make best use of the advantages, meanwhile,pay attention to the bad effects that will influence our life,a,19,Exercise,Di

24、rections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic The Celebration of Western Festivals. 1.現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)有不少人喜歡過西方的某些節(jié)日； 2.產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因； 3.這個現(xiàn)象可能帶來的影響,a,20,The Celebration of Western Festivals Nowadays, an increasing number of Chinese people are fond

25、 of celebrating some Western festivals. For example, they send chocolate and flowers to their beloved on Valentines Day. In addition, they make fool of others as what westerners do on April Fools Day. There are many factors contributing to this phenomenon. Among all these factors, language learning

26、plays a critical role. More youths are exposed to western culture and festivals through learning English. Moreover, some Western festivals offer people an opportunity to enjoy the relaxing and comfortable atmosphere, which attracts a large number of Chinese people. Besides, many,a,21,businessmen vie

27、w foreign festivals as golden opportunities to make money, so they may try desperately to boost the atmosphere of foreign festivals. In my opinion, Chinese people celebrating Western festivals has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, by celebrating Western festivals, people have more

28、opportunities to show their affection to others and to get together. However, on the other hand, our own home-grown festivals crucial roles may be weakened to some extent. Therefore, we must keep a balance between the Western festivals and our traditional festivals,a,22,二、 問題解決型,此類作文要求考生從提示性文字入手，解釋提

29、示性文字反映出的問題，提出問題的危害性或解決這一問題的緊迫性；然后對問題展開分析，提出解決問題的方案或應(yīng)對措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度、做法等。 基本方法：提出問題分析問題解決問題。 (1) 2010年12月 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent (2) 2008年12月 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,a,23,2010年12月 題目：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 提綱：1. 目前不少父母為孩

30、子包辦一切 2. 為了讓孩子獨立,父母應(yīng)該 此篇是典型的問題解決型文章。這樣文章開頭有一個背景引入：父母為孩子包辦一切。觀點很明確：這樣是有危害的，家長應(yīng)該讓孩子們獨立！接下來就是該怎么做。但是提綱只給了兩點，需要我們寫出三段，這樣段落安排可參考如下： （一）第一段：背景和危害第二段：解決第三段：展望注：第二段是重點,二）第一段：背景第二段：危害第三段：解決和展望注：第三段是重點,a,24,How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent,Today in China, many families have only one child. S

31、o the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves. There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chanc

32、e to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts.Second, it is impossible,a,25,to ask a child not to depend on parents at once. The parents may give t

33、he child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems. A child should be pra

34、ised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails. To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life,a,26,2008年12月 題目：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags

35、 本次四級考試考查的是一次性塑料袋的使用問題。環(huán)保問題，是熱門話題之一。 答題思路： 1一次性塑料袋給人們生活帶來便利； 廣為使用。 2. 由此帶來的問題，舉例子。 3限制使用塑料袋的意義，理論與實際相結(jié)合,a,27,Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been

36、 brought into peoples focus. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution. Whats more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they a

37、re of great convenience. But what they dont quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And,a,28,sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals. In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country

38、. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances peoples awareness on environmental protection but also protects our health,a,29,Exrecise,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 w

39、ords on the topic Energy Resources. 提綱： 1.目前中國的能源資源比較豐富； 2.但這些能源可能很快被耗竭； 3.為避免未來的能源危機，我們該做些什么,a,30,分析： 根據(jù)提綱，我們可以確定短文寫成三段： 1. 能源現(xiàn)狀： China is rich in various energy resources. 2. 能源危機： These energy resources are being used up rapidly. 3. 解決措施： To avoid energy crisis,a,31,Sample,Energy Resources China

40、is rich in various energy resources. Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. They are essential in developing the countrys industry, science and technology. China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise the output of coal and petroleum. These energy resources are not ine

41、xhaustible, however, and are being used up rapidly. With the building of four modernizations, new industrial and scientific projects are spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. They are enormous consumers of energy. Besides, there has been great waste in using these natural energy resource

42、s,a,32,To avoid the almost sure energy crisis in the future, some steps must be taken immediately. First, our government should make the people aware, through education, of the importance of saving energy. Second, efforts should be made in opening up new, cleaner and inexhaustible energy sources suc

43、h as solar energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy. We have reasons to be optimistic in this respect, but we must be pessimistic if we just wait for the fossil energies to be wasted and used up,a,33,三、對比選擇類,此類話題為就某一現(xiàn)象的利弊進行對比分析，并最終闡述自己的觀點。 寫作方法： 指出現(xiàn)象正反兩面論證本人的建議 歷年考題： 2011年6月 Online Shopping,a,34

44、,2011年6月 題目：Online Shopping. 提綱：1現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已成為一種時尚 2網(wǎng)上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題 3我的建議 此話題密切聯(lián)系生活現(xiàn)實，題目中的提綱已展示文章結(jié)構(gòu)，考生只需依次鋪陳開來。 本文宜寫成三段：第一段提出網(wǎng)購現(xiàn)象，為讓讀者感到具體形象，最好緊接著舉一些細節(jié)；第二段先指出網(wǎng)購的好處，再指出網(wǎng)購的問題，兩個方面都需一些細節(jié)、略作展開；第三段簡潔地提出自己的建議,a,35,Online Shopping,With the help of the ever rapid development of internet technology, online sho

45、pping is coming into fashion in most of cities. Online shopping is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who dont have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get whatever they want while staying at home. For the re

46、tailers, it can cut some costs for those who dont have much circulating funds. They dont have to rent a house and spend money on employees compared with the traditional trade mode,a,36,However, there are still some defects in online shopping. First, lake of face to face deal makes online shopping le

47、ss reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargain. It is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. Its of great urgency that we need to regulate the relative laws in accordance with the rapid growth of online shopping. Only in

48、 this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of being cheated,a,37,Exercise,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic college students Social Practice. You should base your composi

49、tion on the instruction below: 近年來，一些大學(xué)生利用節(jié)假日進行社會實踐。請就社會實踐的好處及可能帶來的副作用加以論述，并提出自己的觀點和建議,a,38,分析： 可根據(jù)標(biāo)題和提示，構(gòu)思出如下提綱： 1.現(xiàn)狀-導(dǎo)入主題 2.大學(xué)生社會實踐的好處 3.大學(xué)生社會實踐可能帶來的副作用 4.我們的建議,a,39,Sample: College Students Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges. Students are a

50、sked to enter into the society and try to get into touch with society in order to get some idea of the society. Surely social practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer the students a chance to contact with the society and get some idea of the society, in this way the students

51、can gain some valuable social experiences which will be helpful to their future career. Secondly, the students can apply what they have learned in class to the practical work, which will make them know themselves,a,40,more clearly. Thirdly, some social practice can bring them some profit and it can

52、make them more independent of their family. However, some problems will arise if the correct guidence is not made. For example, some students get more interested in social practice and want to work the whole day and get some money, thus neglecting their study. And some students are likely to observe

53、 the society partially, which will affect their future study. In order to carry out the social practice smoothly, the students should first know their objectives. They should put their study in the first place and the social practice is just a supplement of their college study, so they ought to try

54、to strike a balance between social practice and their study,a,41,四、諺語解釋分析,2011年12月 題目：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smo

55、king is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words,a,42,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,No great work can be performed without will. We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some trick of luck. But when we know their histories, we find that it is long years of will and constant effort that have brought about their success. Just as we cant reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we cant achieve success without will. The modern society provides