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1、水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)概要整理告知12水文班使用的同學(xué): 1)為方便班級(jí)同學(xué)對(duì)水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí),特作此電子版供大家自由選擇使用,不喜歡電子版復(fù)習(xí)的同學(xué)可打印成紙質(zhì)版復(fù)習(xí); 2)本概要整理中分四大部分作了歸納說(shuō)明,整理的不是很完全,打字過(guò)程也難免會(huì)有小的錯(cuò)誤,我就不一一審核了,若有某處的小紕漏還望接納;3)此水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)概要整理的內(nèi)容僅代表我個(gè)人的撰寫(xiě)陳述,其中涉及課后習(xí)題的答案也僅供大家參考,專(zhuān)業(yè)最基本的英語(yǔ)詞匯總結(jié)出來(lái)也是很有限,不代表考試必考部分內(nèi)容,愿意使用和參考本人整理出來(lái)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)概同學(xué)在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題還請(qǐng)及時(shí)告訴我以便作及時(shí)的修正;4)歸納整理中難以顧全不同英語(yǔ)水平層次的同學(xué),英語(yǔ)詞匯

2、量非常有限的同學(xué)望自行利用手機(jī)、電腦等現(xiàn)代工具查閱詞匯含義;5)本人為準(zhǔn)備此水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)概要整理電子版花費(fèi)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),目的是希望大家能積極地準(zhǔn)備復(fù)習(xí),對(duì)本概要整理的內(nèi)容不懂的同學(xué)歡迎你的詢(xún)問(wèn),愿與大家共同進(jìn)步;6)建議需要聯(lián)系我的同學(xué)采取發(fā)短信、QQ和微信的方式告知本人。 分享人:Congcong 2015-10-18一、 水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試題目類(lèi)型1) 單詞翻譯(漢譯英、英譯漢);2)句子翻譯(漢譯英、英譯漢)共計(jì)5句;3)回答問(wèn)題(用英語(yǔ)回答所問(wèn)問(wèn)題,均為任課教師上課所提問(wèn)題)共計(jì)5句;4)寫(xiě)作(作文內(nèi)容范圍為課上所學(xué)知識(shí))。二、水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題參考答案Chapter 1 Water

3、Resources P91、英譯漢(1)resource:資源 (2)ground water:地下水 (3)freshwater:淡水(4)polar:兩極的 (5)glacier:冰川 (6)iceberg:冰山(7)creek:小溪 (8)pond:池塘 (9)crack:裂隙(10)hydroelectric:水力發(fā)電的2、漢譯英(1)有限的:finite (2)污染:pollution (3)概略地:roughly/summarily (4)有創(chuàng)造力的:creative (5)咸水:saltwater (6)變量:variant(7)水源:water supply (8)滲透:pen

4、etrate (9)粒子:particle(10)可用的:available3、完善句子(1)Converting saltwater to freshwater is generally too expensive to be used for in-dustrial,agricultural or household purpose.(2)Only 3% of the words water supply is fresh water and two-thirds of that is salt-water,forming the polar icecaps,glaciers,and ic

5、ebergs.(3)Surface water is visible above the ground surface, such as creeks, rivers,ponds and lakes.(4)Ground water is water that either fills the spaces between soil particles or pene-trates the cracks and spaces within rocks.Chapter 2 Planning for Water Resources Development P151、 英譯漢(1)planning:規(guī)

6、劃 (2)management:管理 (3)engineering judgment:工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷 (4)most desirable:最適宜的(5)project plan:工程規(guī)劃 (6)flood-plain:洪泛平原(7)feasibility study:可行性研究 (8)specifications:說(shuō)明書(shū)2、漢譯英(1)單個(gè)工程:single project (2)區(qū)域水管理:regional water management(3)工程技術(shù):engineering (4)趨勢(shì):tendency (5)調(diào)和:coordination(6)流域:basin (7)發(fā)展:develop

7、ment (8)效力:effectiveness(9)原則上:in principle3、完善句子(1)Planning can be defined as the orderly consideration of a project from the ori-ginal statement of purpose through the evaluation of alternatives to the final decisionon a course of action.(2)An overall water-management plan,developed with care and

8、closely coordinat-ed with other regional plans,may be a useful tool in determining which of many pos-sible actions should be taken.(3)There is no substitute for “engineering judgment”in the selection of the met-hod of approach to project planning.(4)It is the basis for the decision to proceed with (

9、or to abandon)a proposed project and is the most important aspect of the engineering for the project.Chapter 4 Hydrology P291、 英譯漢(1)lithosphere:巖石圈 (2)hydrosphere:水圈 (3)atmosphere:大氣圈(4)water supply:水源,供水 (5)ground-water hydrology:地下水文學(xué)(6)bedrock:巖床,根底 (7)hydrology:水文學(xué) (8)occurrence:產(chǎn)生(9)pathway:路,

10、徑 (10)rainfall:降雨2、漢譯英(1)干旱:drought (2)污染:contamination (3)推論:deduce(4)泛濫:flooding (5)蒸發(fā):evaporation (6)冰川:glacier(7)轉(zhuǎn)移:divert (8)下游的:downstream (9)造成:pose3、完善句子(1)The cycle of movement of water between atmosphere ,hydrosphere ,lithosphere and biosphere is termed hydrologic cycle.(2)This information

11、 is essential to design and evaluation of natural and man-madechannels,bridge openings and dams.(3)Hydrology is the science that encompasses the occurrence,distribution,move-ment and properties of the waters of the earth and their relationship with the environ-ment within each phase of the hydrology

12、 cycle.Chapter 5 Water Cycle P361、英譯漢(1)evaporation:蒸發(fā) (2)absorb:吸收,浸入 (3)cycle:循環(huán)(4)droplet:小滴 (5)condensation:凝結(jié),凝聚 (6)water vapor:水汽(7)precipitation:降雨 (8)hydrologic cycle:水文循環(huán) (9)melt:融化(10)moist:潮濕的 (11)vegetation:植物,草本 (12)rock layers:巖石層2、漢譯英(1)池塘:pond (2)大氣:atmosphere (3)海洋:ocean (4)水循環(huán):wate

13、r cycle (5)凝結(jié):condensation (6)水汽:water vapor(7)減去:subtract (8)小滴:droplet (9)固體:solid(10)滲透:infiltration (11)液態(tài)水:liquid water (12)蓄水庫(kù):reservoir3、完善句子(1)As water goes through its cycle, it can be a solid ice, a liquid water, or a gas water vapor.(2)Water that runs into rivers flows into ponds, lakes,

14、or oceans where it eva-porates back into the atmosphere.(3)Water vapor condenses into millions of tiny droplets that form clouds.(4)As a result of evaporation, condensation and precipitation, water travels from the surface of the earth, goes into the atmosphere, and returns to earth again.Chapter 6

15、Principle of Hydrograph-Unit Hydrographs P431、英譯漢(1)runoff:徑流 (2)rainfall:降雨 (3)intensively:強(qiáng)烈地,集中地(4)peak discharges:洪峰流量 (5)predict:預(yù)測(cè) (6)watershed:流域(7)implicit:暗含的,含蓄的 (8)distribute:分布 (9)consequently:所以(10)variations:變化,變動(dòng)2、漢譯英(1)明確說(shuō)明:specify (2)暴風(fēng)雨(雪):storm (3)持續(xù)的:duration(4)一致的:uniformly (5)片

16、段:fraction (6)重要性:magnitude(7)假定:assume (8) 改變:alter (9)瞬間的:instantaneous3、完善句子(1)Ways to predict flood discharges and discharge hydrographs from rainfall events have been intensively since the early 1930s.(2)The ordinates are then added at corresponding times t determine the total hydro-graph.(3)Th

17、is is generally not true ;consequently, variations in ordinates for different storms of equal duration can be expected.Chapter 8 Flood P611、英譯漢(1)overflow:泛濫,溢出 (2)submerge:淹沒(méi) (3)deluge:洪水,暴雨(4)rainfall:降雨 (5)arid region:干旱地區(qū) (6)absorb water:吸收水分(7)flash flood:山洪,暴洪 (8)flood plain:洪泛平原 (9)shallow wa

18、ter:淺灘水2、漢譯英(1)流域:river basin (2)防洪堤:levee (3)鄰近洪泛平原:adjacent flood plain (4)農(nóng)業(yè)田地:agricultural land (5)嚴(yán)重洪水:severe flood(6)有毒物:toxic material (7)海生物:maritime life (8)溢流:overflow(9)沉積:sediment3、完善句子(1)When a rainfall does occur ,it can sometimes result in a sudden flood of water filling dry stream be

19、ds known as a “flash flood”.(2)When heavy rainfall or melting snow causes the rivers depth to increase and the river to overflow its banks ,a vast expanse of shallow water can rapidly cover the adjacent flood plain.(3)Floods may also cause millions of dollars worth of damage to a city ,both evict-in

20、g people from their homes and ruining businesses.三、水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)上課提問(wèn)部分(回答部分)Chapter 11、三水:地表水(surface water)、地下水(ground water)、大氣水(atmos-pheric vapor)四水:土壤水(soil moisture);五水:生物水(biowater);2、公共用水系統(tǒng)(public water systerms)開(kāi)采地下水(tap ground water)的方式是打井(operate wells);3、人們用水的類(lèi)型(The types of people using water)

21、分為消耗性用水(consumptive use)和非消耗性用水(nonconsumptive use);4、消耗性用水和非消耗性用水的含義(meaning):消耗性用水指水不能回到原始狀態(tài)(Consumptive use means that the water is not returned to nature),非消耗性用水指不管污染與否回到系統(tǒng)中的水(Nonconsumptive use returns water ,polluted or not,to the system);5、消耗性用水和非消耗性用水舉例:consumptive use:drinking water(喝水);non

22、consumptive use:creating hydroelectric power(水力發(fā)電)、shipping(航運(yùn))6、有關(guān)水資源存在的問(wèn)題主要是通過(guò)對(duì)比(by comparing)來(lái)闡述的。Chapter 21、規(guī)劃(planning )的三部分或者是一項(xiàng)工程有序研究(orderly consideration of a project )的三步驟:the original statement(初始陳述)、the evaluation of al-ternatives(方案評(píng)價(jià))、the final decision(最終的抉擇);2、工程規(guī)劃(project planning)既

23、需要工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)(engineering judgment)也需要定量分析(quantitative analysis);3、地區(qū)規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)(existance of regional planning groups)和地區(qū)水規(guī)劃部門(mén)的產(chǎn)生(occurrence of regional water planning)例如中國(guó)水利部的長(zhǎng)委(Changjiang Water Resources Commission of Hydrology Ministry)和水利部的黃委(Yellow River Conservancy Commission of Hydrology Ministry),這些地

24、區(qū)規(guī)劃分支機(jī)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)是為了考慮到國(guó)家不同地區(qū)的差異性(to allow for differences between the various regions of the country);4、在最終規(guī)劃(the final plan)出現(xiàn)(emerge)前,工程規(guī)劃經(jīng)歷(pass through)的幾個(gè)階段(several phases)有普查階段(reconnaissance study)、初步可行性分析階段(pre-feasibility study)、可行性研究階段(feasibility study)、最后階段(the final phase);5、工程規(guī)劃的最后階段需要提交的成果

25、有工程圖紙(construction drawings)和工程的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(specifications)。Chapter 41、水循環(huán)(hydrologic cycle)的含義就是指水在大氣圈、水圈、巖石圈和生物圈之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)(The cycle of movement of water between atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere is termed the hydrologic cycle);2、水文學(xué)(Hydrology)有兩大分支(two broad sub-disciplines)分別是地表水水文學(xué)(surfac

26、e-water hydrology)和地下水水文學(xué)(groundwater hydrology);3、地表水水文學(xué)應(yīng)用(examples of applications of surface water hydrology)的例子:洪水和干旱(flooding and droughts);4、地下水水文學(xué)的應(yīng)用(applications of ground water hydrology):水源、灌溉和環(huán)境工程(water supply、irrigation and environmental engineering);5、水文學(xué)家或水利工作者(hydrologist)研究水文循環(huán)的方式有測(cè)量

27、(measure)和推論演繹(deduce);Chapter 51、水循環(huán)中水的狀態(tài)可能是固態(tài)的(冰)、液態(tài)的(水)或者是氣態(tài)的(水蒸汽)(As water goes through its cycle,it can be solid(ice),a liquid (water),or a gas(water vapor).);2、當(dāng)對(duì)水加熱就發(fā)生了蒸發(fā)(If heat is added to water,it evaporates.)3、構(gòu)成水循環(huán)的六個(gè)重要過(guò)程(There are six important processes that make up the water cycle),它們

28、分別是蒸發(fā)(evaporation)、冷凝(condensation)、降水(precipitation)、地表徑流(surface runoff)、下滲(infiltration)、植物蒸騰(transpiration);四、水利專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)水文水資源常用英語(yǔ)詞匯小結(jié)1、淡水:freshwater 2、咸水:saltwater 3、河流:river 4、湖泊:lake5、池塘:pond 6、海洋:ocean 7、小溪:creek 8、冰川:glacier9、冰山:iceberg 10、水蒸氣:water vapor 11、地表水:surface water12、地下水:ground water 13、巖石:rock 14、水資源:water resources15、徑流:runoff或river runoff 16、降水:precipitation 17、降雨:rainfall18、蒸發(fā):evaporation 19、下滲:infiltration 20、水循環(huán):water cycle21、水源:water supply 22、用水量:water consumpt

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