初三英語動詞專題及專項練習(xí)

1、動詞動詞的含義動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，在句子中做謂語。動詞的基本形式： 動詞原形、 過去式、 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 動詞的種類: 類別 特點 舉例 及物動詞（vt） 跟賓語 I like music. 不及物動詞（vi） 不跟賓語 It rained last night. 系動詞 跟表語 I am a doctor. She is a nurse. We are very happy. 助動詞 跟動詞原形或分詞 I dont like playing basketball. I have seen this movie before. 情態(tài)動詞 跟動詞原形She can speak Jap

2、anese. 動詞時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時 （3種結(jié)構(gòu)）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作；或普遍真理、客觀事實；或某種狀態(tài)。 “主謂（賓）”結(jié)構(gòu) Peter always spends too much time playing computer games. Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning. I like listening to classical music. “There be”結(jié)構(gòu) There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky. “主系表”結(jié)構(gòu) Its ve

3、ry cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon. My father is a teacher. 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)動詞特征構(gòu)成例詞一般動詞詞尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾記憶技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO詞尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(發(fā)送傳真)以y結(jié)尾輔音字母+y,變y為i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playssta

4、y-stayssay-says 一般過去時 （3種結(jié)構(gòu)）表示發(fā)生在過去的動作。在一般過去時的句子中, 動詞必須用過去式. 動詞過去式 及 過去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則變化 構(gòu)成法 詞例 (1) 一般情況下加 ed work - worked - worked play - played - played (2) 以 e 結(jié)尾的，加 d live - lived - lived like - liked - liked (3) 以“輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾的，改 y為i， 再加 ed. study - studied - studied cry - cried - cried (4) 以重讀閉音節(jié) 或

5、r音節(jié) 結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 ed. stop - stopped - stopped prefer - preferred - preferred refer-referred-referred occur-occurred-occurred 不規(guī)則變化 （參考課本） 一般過去時常見的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday -） this -；just now； - ago; after -; when - 等等。 注：當(dāng)謂語動詞是行為動詞時，肯定句用動

6、詞的過去式表達，構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時，需借助did或didnt構(gòu)成，謂語動詞要還原成原形。例如：I went to the zoo yesterday.My mother didnt go to the park last weekend.Did Jim come to see you last night?. 現(xiàn)在進行時 表示目前正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。 （只有延續(xù)性動詞有進行時； 非延續(xù)性動詞沒有進行時 ） 主語 + 系動詞（am / is / are ）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 構(gòu)成法 詞例 (1) 一般情況下加 ing. work - working； learn - learnin

7、g (2) 以 e 結(jié)尾的，去掉e，再加 ing. live - living； take - taking (3) 以重讀閉音節(jié) 或 r 音節(jié) 結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個 輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 ing. sit - sitting； stop - stopping chat - chatting； refer - referring (4) 以 ie 結(jié)尾的，要改ie 為y，再加 ing. tie - tying； lie - lying 現(xiàn)在進行時的標(biāo)志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment / at present Look. Alice is r

8、eading a magazine over there. Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song. Alice is talking to Peter now. Im learning Japanese at the moment. 特殊情況： 非延續(xù)性動詞 沒有進行時，它們的現(xiàn)在分詞形式 表示 將來時。主語 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：表示將來時。Im going to school now. Mary is leaving for New York soon. Spring Festival is comin

9、g. Im arriving in Beijing.過去進行時 表示在過去的某時正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。 主語 + 系動詞（was / were ）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 David was doing his homework at 8 oclock yesterday. I was doing my homework at his time yesterday. Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him. 一般將來時 表示將要發(fā)生的動作，或計劃或打算作某事。 主語 + will + 動詞原形 主語 + ( am / is / are ) + going

10、 to + 動詞原形 主語 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延續(xù)性動詞的 現(xiàn)在分詞： 例如：I will tell you the good news.John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.一般將來時常見的提示: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term一般將來時

11、的用法1. 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.2. 在“祈使句+and/or+句子”這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，“句子”用一般將來時。例如：Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.Hurry up, or you will be late for school.“be going to+動詞原形 ” 與“will+動詞原形”be going to和will在一般情況下可以互換，但是在下列情況下將來時要用will。說明例句帶有意愿色彩I will help you later.問對方是否愿意或客氣的

12、邀請或命令Will you please close the door?Will you go with me?在時間、條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時，用will Mr. Wang will come if it doesnt rain.He will call us as soon as he gets to Hong Kong. 過去將來時 表示在過去的某時計劃或打算作某事。 ( 間接引語 / 賓語從句 ) 主語 + would + 動詞原形 主語 + ( was / were ) + going to + 動詞原形主語 + ( was / were ) +非延續(xù)動詞的動名詞例如：I

13、 thought you would help the old man.Mary was going to take part in this meeting.He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.現(xiàn)在完成時 含義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示“過去的動作對現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果或影響”. 漢語譯文中經(jīng)常含有“已經(jīng)”、“曾經(jīng)”、“還沒有”等詞語.構(gòu)成：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 例如：I have seen this movie before. (結(jié)果：我了解這部影片的內(nèi)容 ) He has had a good education. (結(jié)果：他的知識水平很高

14、 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時常見的標(biāo)志: so far / up to now; recently; in recent years; before; in the past / in the last / over the past / over the last since / for: 既可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成時”, 也可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成進行時”. already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成時”, 也可以用于“過去完成時”. I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the w

15、ork. Have you finished the work yet? I havent finished my work yet. 延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞可以接一段時間； 非延續(xù)性動詞后面不能接一段時間, 如果要接一段時間, 就必須把 非延續(xù)性動詞 替換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞. come - be here He came here two hours ago. He has been here for two hours. go - be out/ be away They went out an hour ago. They have been out for an hour.

16、 leave - be away Tom left ten minutes ago. Tom has been away for ten minutes. buy - have I bought this dictionary 10 years ago. I have had this dictionary for 10 years.begin-be on The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. 某些延續(xù)性動詞（如：look for, watch, wait for, live, work,

17、 develop, teach, learn, study,rain等）與 since 或 for 連用時， 表示“從過去的某一時刻起,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作”，它們的“現(xiàn)在完成時”可以與“現(xiàn)在完成進行時”互相替換。 He has lived here for 20 years. He has been living here for 20 years. have been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過 -”: I have been to Beijing before. have gone to 表示“已經(jīng)去了 -”: They have gone to Japan. 過去完成時 主語 + had +

18、 過去分詞 表示在過去的某個動作之前發(fā)生的動作 - “過去的過去”. By the end of last month, we had learned 12 English songs. By the time he got home, all the guests had left. When they arrived at the railway station，the train had already left.Before I went to bed，I had finished reading that book. After I had finished reading the

19、book，I went to bed. “by the end of last -” 只能用于“過去完成時” By the end of last month, we had learned 5000 English words. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 主語 + have / has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示從過去的某一時刻起到現(xiàn)在，一直在做某事。 I have been waiting for your reply since I sent you a letterI have been living here for 20 yearsIt has been raining since l

20、ast nightSince 1989, Wang Gang has been working in this company. He has been learning English for 10 years.專項練習(xí) 動詞時態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練 1 He often to the park with some friends on Sundays. A. go B. goes C. is going D. has gone 2 Toms father listening to classical music. A. like B. dont like C. likes D. is liking 3

21、 your mother up early in the morning. A. Do / get B. Do / gets C. Does / gets D. Does / get 4 Look, the boys football on the playground. A. play B. playing C. are playing D. is play 5 Peter went swimming with Mike yesterday, he ? A. did B. does C. didnt D. doesnt 6 I a UFO in the sky while I was tal

22、king a walk in the street just now. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. was seeing 7 Fred a model plane when I went to see him. A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made 8 Ill tell her to call you back when she back. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. is coming 9 My father cigarettes, he thinks i

23、t is harmful for health. A. didnt smoke B. dont smoke C. doesnt smokes D. doesnt smoke 10I 2000 English words by the end of last term. A. had learned B. have learned C. would learn D. was learning 11How long you the mobile phone ? A. have bought B. have / had C. did / buy D. do / buy 12My brother to

24、 London many times, so he knows London very well. A. was going B. went C. has been D. has gone 13I want to know if you free tomorrow evening. If you free, Id like to invite you to dinner. A. will be / are B. are / will be C. are / are D. will be / will be 14Listen, the music very nice. A. is soundin

25、g B. sound C. sounds D. is sounded 15I my best to learn English well from now on. A. tried B. have tried C. am trying D. will try 16Our teacher told us that light faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C. had travelled D. is travelled 17Mr Brown isnt at home now. He to his office. A. had gone B.

26、 had been C. has gone D. has been 18He said he would go to the movies with us if he free. A. will be B. would be C. is D. was 19Jenny to visit her grandma three days ago. A. went B. goes C. has gone D. had gone 20The Greens China for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. has come to D. have

27、gone to 21There a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. would be D. is going to have 22I to Hainan for vacation in three days. A. went B. go C. will go D. was going 23How long you French before you went to Paris ? A. had / studied B. have / studied C. do /

28、 study D. would / study 24Hi, Peter. I you were here. A. dont know B. havent known C. hadnt known D. didnt know 25We will get everything ready before she here. A. will come B. comes C. would come D. came 26Tom his coat and then went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put on D. would put on 27Neither o

29、f us interested in folk songs. A. were B. am C. is D. are 28I heard her in the next room when I got home. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 29Linda TV since 6 oclock this morning. A. was watching B. has been watched C. had watched D. has been watching 30He to work in a factory at the age of 17

30、. A. began B. has begun C. would begin D. had begun 31One day while I along the street, I someone calling me. A. walked / heard B. was walking / was hearing C. was walking / heard D. walked / was hearing 32Neither I nor he in physics. A. are interesting B. are interested C. is interesting D. is inte

31、rested 33I in the bar for an hour before she . A. had waited / arrived B. waited / had arrived C. was waiting / had arrived D. have waited / arrive 34He he me before. A. said / has met B. said / had met C. says / had met D. is saying / has met 35Tina said that she a party at home the next Saturday e

32、vening. A. had held B. will hold C. would hold D. is holding 36When he arrived at the cinema, the film already . A. was / starting B. would / start C. has / started D. had / started 37- Wheres Mr Green ? - He Japan on business. He back in two weeks. A. has gone to / is B. has been to / will be C. has been to / comes D. has gone to / will be 38He ha