石油工業(yè)概論思考題（Introduction to petroleum industry）

1、石油工業(yè)概論思考題（Introduction to petroleum industry）This article is contributed by yujiali1220DOC documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.1. what is oil? Gas? What is oil? Gas? What is the oil is gase

2、ous, liquid and solid hydrocarbon mixture, has a natural occurrence; all natural natural gas, such as oil, gas and marine atmospheric rock in gas, gas, gas and other cosmic mantle can be called natural gas. Gas 2. what is the oil industry? Petroleum industry is an industrial system developed with cr

3、ude oil as raw material, including petroleum exploration, petroleum, and what is the petroleum industry? What is the history of the development of the oil industry and the development of oil processing energy and basic raw material sector, 3., the worlds oil industry? What are the stages? Developmen

4、t history of world petroleum industry? What are the stages in which the world oil industry is developed? In 1878 with Chinas first port wells in Taiwan oilfield in Miaoli. 1907, our country has hit the first oil well in the mainland - extending No. 1 well, the depth is more than 80 meters, and the d

5、aily crude oil is 1 to 1.5 tons. The spring of 1936, the local government of Xinjiang and the government of the Soviet Union combined mining strike oil in Dushanzi. In 1938 the geologist Sun Jianchu found in Gansu Yumen Laojunmiao oilfield, the Chinese modern petroleum industry has entered a new sta

6、ge of development. Chinese scientists put forward the theory of continental origin of oil, Chinas oil to create a new situation in the era of looking for the era of the gasoline kerosene fuel and chemical raw materials 4. times China petroleum industry development history, development stage of indus

7、trial oil after the establishment of new China? Where is the name of the oil? Development history of Chinese petroleum industry, development history of Chinese petroleum industry, development stage of petroleum industry after the founding of new China Where is the name of the oil? 1) early explorati

8、on stage 2) the strategy moves eastward, breaking through Songliao basin 3) entering the Gulf of Bohai, creating second major oil bases (4), stabilizing the East, developing the west, developing both oil and gas, and developing offshore exploration. To strengthen regional exploration within the scop

9、e of the whole; more than 1900 years ago the Eastern Han Dynasty Ban Gus Han geography, slave (Yanan) have Wei (Wei) water - oil. 5. basic composition of Chinas oil industry? Name of the three largest oil companies? Basic composition of Chinas petroleum industry? Chinas oil industry basically consti

10、tutes the three largest oil company name Oil exploration, exploitation, processing, transportation and marketing work China Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) China Petrochemical Corp (SINOPEC) China Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) 6. what is OPEC? OPEC is the organization of Petroleum Exporting countrie

11、s. It is a voluntary inter governmental organization, coordinating and unifying its members with what is the countrys oil policy. 7, what is environmental pollution? The management system of environmental protection in our country? Environmental protection management system and its tasks in Petroleu

12、m Enterprises What is environmental pollution? The management system of environmental protection in our country? Environmental protection management system and its tasks in Petroleum Enterprises Environmental pollution: due to man-made factors, the chemical composition of the environment or physical

13、 state has changed, compared with the original situation, environmental pollution, environmental quality deterioration,Disturbance and destruction of the ecosystem and the normal production and living conditions of people are called environmental pollution. The environmental protection management sy

14、stem; system of Government: the State Environmental Protection Department; provincial and County Environmental Protection Bureau; task: the policy, administrative law enforcement, supervision and implementation; development planning; enterprise internal enterprises: generally corresponding governmen

15、t agencies set up relevant departments; internal oil enterprises: the quality and safety of the Ministry of environmental protection, environmental protection, environmental protection department; external internal coordination, supervision and management;The second chapter petroleum geologyGlossary

16、: 1, reservoir, trap, reservoir, oil and gas, primary migration, migration, two series: reservoir, trap, reservoir, oil and gas, primary migration, reservoir has the crack and hole, capable of storing and infiltration fluid rock called reservoir. Cover layer cover - reservoir caprock covering in the

17、 reservoir, oil and gas to prevent the upward movement of fine and compact rock called together cover formation hydrocarbon source rocks trap trap traps for oil and gas to the place by the migration of the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. A place suitable for hydrocarbon accumulation and formati

18、on of oil and gas reservoirs is called a trap. The oil accumulation in a single trap with a uniform pressure system and an oil water gas interface is called an oil and gas pool. Oil and gas reservoirs. Oil and gas reservoir of oil and gas fields: the sum of the same total area of the same area by a

19、single local structural or stratigraphic unconformity or lithology with the control of oil and gas in the reservoir by a single local structural or stratigraphic unconformity or lithology changes with the control of oil and gas in the reservoir. Oil and gas field: the same area by a single local str

20、uctural or stratigraphic unconformity or lithology changes with the control of oil and gas in the reservoir sediments to the sum of primary migration: migration of reservoir sediment storage later it sets its sediment. The main driving force is the pressure (static primary migration): compaction of

21、the sediment pressure from the sediment deposits that originally generated it. There is also capillary force. The two migration: migration occurred in the two migration in the reservoir, or set the two migration a migration to another reservoir reservoir from a reservoir. The two migration is mainly

22、 under the action of buoyancy and hydrodynamic force. Layer to another reservoir, another reservoir 2, the main component of Petroleum (element composition, hydrocarbon composition, non hydrocarbon composition)? The formation of oil? The formation of petroleum in accordance with the major components

23、 of Petroleum (elemental composition, hydrocarbon composition, and non hydrocarbon composition) The cause of formation indicates the original environment conditions of oil source What is kerogen? How is it classified and classified? The cause of formation indicates the original environment condition

24、s of oil source What is the classification of kerogen? Elemental composition; CHSNO; hydrocarbon composition: Alkanes cycloalkanes aromatics; non hydrocarbon composition: sulfur compounds containing nitrogen containing elements of oxygen compounds; process: the ancient organic rich plankton remains

25、in ancient swamps, lakes, rivers and oceans with the process of sediment deposition together, dispersed in the sediments the formation; sedimentary layer contains organic matter gradually covered by new sediments, formation of sedimentary layer thicker, resulting in reducing environmental hypoxia, t

26、he biological remains preserved;The organism remains through geological, biological, physical and chemical functions to produce petroleum hydrocarbons.OneSource: environment have relatively broad low-lying land, has long flooded Lake shallow and large area around the low environment; source area of

27、depression, the need for large amounts of biological reproduction; but also has a very large number of Microfaunas and the breeding needs to have the appropriate climate in the water, to a large number of biological reproduction and the need for land development; often enter large amounts of mud and

28、 sand to the shallow sea or lakes; oil and various external physical and chemical conditions of anoxic conditions and transformation of organic matter into the wreckage of need. Kerogen is defined as the dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rock which is insoluble in non oxidizing acids, bases an

29、d non-polar organic solvents. The kerogen types are classified as: humic type, humic type 3, reservoir and trap classification The main indexes for evaluating the physical properties of reservoirs? Classification of three major types of reservoirs and traps The main indexes for evaluating the physic

30、al properties of reservoirs? The three categories are clastic reservoirs, carbonate reservoirs and other types of reservoirs. Traps are divided into three major types, and the traps are divided into three major types: structural type, stratigraphic type and composite type trap. The traps are divided

31、 into three major types. The size of the porosity directly influences the accumulation of oil and gas in the oil reservoirs. In practice, effective porosity is often used to indicate the oil storage performance of the structural rocks. 4. Briefly describe the migration process of oil and gas (combin

32、ed with the sketch map of migration) Briefly describe the migration process of oil and gas (combined with the sketch map of migration) Oil and gas migration from source rock to the reservoir, the reservoir migration to oil and gas traps, traps from transporting layer migration to other layers of the

33、 reservoir, or through faults or poorly sealed cover upward to reach the surface of third chapter, what is the main oil task 1, exploration of oil and gas exploration? What stages of development have oil exploration undergone? What are the major tasks of oil and gas exploration? What stages of devel

34、opment have oil exploration undergone? Looking for oil and gas fields with high efficiency and high efficiency, and identifying the basic situation of oil and gas fields, obtaining all the data needed for developing oil fields, and preparing for the comprehensive development of oil and gas fields. S

35、urvey stage, exploration stage 2, what are the basic methods of oil and gas exploration? What are the commonly used methods for surface geophysical prospecting? What are the basic methods of geology, geophysics, oil and gas exploration? What are the commonly used methods for surface geophysical pros

36、pecting? Law, geochemistry and drilling methods, including gravity method, magnetic method, electrical method, seismic exploration (the most important), 3. What principles are used in seismic prospecting? How many ways are there? What is the principle of seismic exploration? How many ways are there?

37、 The principle is the use of changes in the earths crust rock elasticity and density, the shock wave spread due to the different density of rock, elastic, and speed difference, two kinds of elastic and shock wave in different density of rock, part through the rock layers to move on, a portion of the

38、 refracted or reflected back to the ground, reaching the ground in the area and time the velocity distribution by the shock wave, we can determine the depth and morphology of strata. Reflection method, refraction method, transmission method.4, oil and gas reserves is how to classify (graph correspon

39、ding reserves and exploration stage)? Oil and gas reserves is how to classify (graph corresponding reserves and exploration stage): proven reserves (proven reserves of untapped reserves to develop basic reserves (control) probable reserves reserves forecast reserves of 5) the basic meaning of the HS

40、E management system, HSE? What is the significance of the establishment of the system? The basic meaning of? What is the significance of the establishment of the system? HSE (Health), is the health, safety and environment (Safety) (Environment) the first letter of the three word English. The rationa

41、l allocation of resources, reduce accidents. Take active preventive measures, the health, safety and environment management system into the enterprise management system, the whole process control of the production and operation of enterprises. To reduce environmental pollution, save resources, reduc

42、e energy consumption, thereby reducing the cost; establish a good corporate image, improve the relationship between enterprises and local governments and residents; help enterprises to meet the fourth chapter of drilling engineering in the relevant laws and regulations require what is drilling metho

43、d most widely used in the oil industry? 1, what is the most commonly used method for drilling in the oil industry? Column connection from which several parts of drilling rotary drilling? 2, the drill string is connected by what part? Drill pipe drill collar drilling process which has several process

44、es? 3, the drilling process which has several processes? 1. 2. 3. single well drilling 4., under the 5. cementing Glossary: a connection? Tripping? Cement? Completion? Cluster wells? Wash well? 4, explain the term: the next single? Tripping? Cement? Completion? Cluster wells? Wash well? With the roc

45、k drill string, gradually falling, Kelly also entered the turntable, until Kelly completely fell into a rotary table, then the length of drill pipe not to deep drilling, it must increase the length of the drill string, the connecting pipe work called connection connection. A connection such as the d

46、rill has been worn, should be well within the drill string all out, another new drilling drill out of the drill string is called drilling, drill string into work is called up, drill down, drill up into the casing cementing cementing is in the borehole, in casing and the lining ring shaped space into

47、 the last step of cementing completion of drilling engineering cement. The production of low permeability layer or by mud and completion serious pollution, the need for acid treatment, hydraulic fracturing measures can be considered completion of cluster wells cluster wells is also called groupTwoWe

48、ll, is wells drilled in a field, in the sea is on a platform or artificial island drilling wells wells: well washingThe drilling method, using continuous flow medium will be broken down clastic rock and soil from the bottom out of work well.5, the drill bit is divided into several categories? Blade

49、drill, cone bit and diamond bit. The commonly used drill bit which is divided into several categories? The main types of washing liquid? What is the main function? The 6 main types, washing liquid? What is the main function? Oil base mud, water-based mud emulsion mud suspension and cuttings carrying

50、 1, through the wellhead cuttings and drilling mud logging; the lubrication and cooling the drill bit and drill;The wellbore stability, prevent the wall spalling and collapse; the balance formation pressure, can play the hydraulic efficiency, implement optimized drilling and jet drilling. There are

51、several types of sleeve? What are the basic method of completion? 7, there are several types of sleeve? What are the basic method of completion? Surface casing, casing, casing casing completion and open hole completion. What are the main environmental problems in the process of drilling? The drillin

52、g fluid from which parts of the waste? 8, what are the main environmental problems in the process of drilling? The drilling fluid from which parts of the waste? (a) the ecological damage is mainly drilling equipment occupy the land (cultivated land, grassland, etc.) so that the land lost the origina

53、l function, landscape destruction. (two) the main processing technology of environmental pollution 1. wastewater pollution 2. solid waste pollution 3. 4. air pollution noise pollution 5. blowout of waste drilling fluid are there? 9, the main processing technology of waste drilling fluid are there? 1

54、. solid liquid separation technology of solid-liquid separation technology is the waste drilling fluid of solid-liquid separation, liquid discharge of solid phase separation, buried or re processing. 2. types of curing technology of waste drilling fluid in 3. land tillage 4. waste drilling fluid rec

55、ycling technology of 5. biological treatment technology of 1. oil pressure? Drive type energy recovery process? The type of reservoir pressure? Static pressure; hydrostatic pressure. A natural drive energy of two. 2. main artificial driving energy recovery method is what? The principle and method of

56、 mechanical oil production? The method of water flooding (early water injection, production method of advanced note mainly what? The main methods of production method which mechanical oil recovery and its principle? The method of water flooding (early water)? Flowing oil mechanical oil pumping unit

57、deep well pump production, electric submersible pump, hydraulic piston pump, gas lift. Water)? 3. wells management need to monitor what content? Wells management need to monitor what content? Wells management need to monitor what (1) measurement of oil and gas production; (2) all kinds of pressure m

58、easurement data; (3) oil sampling analysis; (4) and paraffin wax. 4. why are stratified waterflooding, layered oil, layered transformation, blocking water and sand? What is the main content of each process? Why, what the stratified water? Why separate layer water injection and oil production, layere

59、d transformation, blocking water and sand? What is the main content of each process in order to improve the development effect, to take effective measures to reform and development, 5. main methods to improve the recovery of what? The thermodynamic method of miscible flooding chemical flooding, microbial flooding to improve oil recovery method which to have? The main method to improve the recovery rate of which 6. heavy oil recovery methods (steam stimulation and steam flooding) principle? Thermal recovery method and che