(完整版)中考英語閱讀理解七選五解題技巧(最新整理)

1、中考英語總復習：閱讀理解“七選五”題型解題策略“七選五”題型的命題分析“七選五”型閱讀理解題，試題模式為：給出一篇缺少五個句子的文章，對應有七個選項，要求同學們根據文章結構、內容，選出正確的句子，填入相應的空白處。考試說明對該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！?該題型要求同學們從整體上把握文章的邏輯結構和內容上的聯系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握。七選五的解題步驟1） 在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為“開門見ft” 與“結尾總結”的寫作方式為

2、常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時甚至會以提綱的形式進行呈現。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開，并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結尾總結”式，如兩者均可排除，則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意首段與末段的提示作用。2） 邊讀邊做題，重點閱讀各個問題附近的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項中尋找相關的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時可以采用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或拿不準，可先放過，繼續(xù)

3、往下讀，先做容易的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關系應基本清楚了。將所選項放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內容還是銜接上都能做到通順。一篇文章作為一個整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在選項定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索， 文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體。如果代入選項后，發(fā)現文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應更換其它選項。3） 在完成選項定位后，應通讀全文，檢查文章內容是否完整，語義是否連貫合理、各段落內容是否緊扣主題，語篇結構是否通順連貫、

4、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時，我們還應注意對相近選項的對比分析，個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內容相近具有很強的干擾性，這時就需要我們認真分析，仔細甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項。要特別注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的選擇，否則不要倉促更改。只要前兩步投入了精力，動了腦筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。七選五的解題策略1） 從意思上判斷在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，再利用線索特征詞等進一步確認答案。2） 從詞匯上鎖定線索做

5、題時很重要的一點是保持對一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動詞，尋找答案時注意在選項中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語等。其次是代詞、數詞、表示時間/年代的詞、地點/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。3） 從關聯詞上查找由于英語的句段之間經常會運用關聯詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關系的路標性信號詞在選擇答案時都是很重要的線索。 在做題時可將這三個層面的線索很好地結合起來。例如，在看到表示并列或遞進關系的關聯詞時，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉折讓

6、步關系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對立，或褒貶對立或肯否對立； 而表示例證關系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表述概念或某一觀點的句子，往往會有復數名詞出現。常見的關聯詞有下面這些：(a) 并列與遞進關系：and, or, also，neithernor,eitheror, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as,the same as, besides, moreover, in addition to ,what is more(b) 因 果 關 系 ：because, for, since, as, therefore, so,

7、sothat, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course(c) 轉折讓步關系：but, however, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if(d) 時 間 關 系 ： at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, i

8、n the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with 以及一些具體的時間。4. 根據試題所在的不同位置確定不同的解題策略1) 如果問題在段首(a) 通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內容，根據段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。(b) 與后文是并列、轉折、因果關系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接

9、的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段。(c) 段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結尾有機地銜接起來，并結合下一段內容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內容連貫起來。2) 如果問題在段尾(a) 空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關鍵詞。(b) 通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如 therefore, as a result, in a word 等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現前文的同義詞句。(c) 與前文是轉折或對比關系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的關聯詞，同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、

10、對比關系。(d) 與前文是并列或排比關系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)，因此 根據段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關的特征詞，通常在選項中會出現表示并列/遞進關系的關聯詞或與前文類似的句式結構，或出現同義詞等其他信號線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會找到關鍵的線索詞句。(e) 所選答案是引出下一段的內容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。(f) 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第

11、一段要提出文章的主題， 如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來，正確答案中應有這樣的特征詞。實戰(zhàn)演練：請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據短文內容從下面方框內的七個選項中，選擇五個還原到文中，使補全后的短文意思通順，結構完整。（a）china has experienced serious problems with wasted food in recent years. cctv reported that the1. 2. 3. 4. (c)5. food chinese people waste every year i s enough to feed 200 milli

12、on people for a year. 1certainly not. according to the un world food program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.2chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous. many even feel that theylose face if their guests ha

13、ve eaten all the food on the table. 3in a restaurant in xinjiang, the owner gives the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a card. people can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 cards. more than 750 restaurants in beijing havebegun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take le

14、ftovers (剩飯剩菜) home.what should we do in our daily life to waste less food? here are some tips:do not order too much in a restaurant.4if you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.dont be too picky (挑剔的) about food.5a. the world has enough food and water.b. only order as much

15、as you want to eat.c. six million children die of hunger every year.d. some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.e. luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food.f. do we have too much food?g. food is important to us all.keep an eye on what food you have at home

16、. dont buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.the most important exam for the students in junior three is coming in a month. the result of the exam will decide which high school the students will go to. good grades must belong to the students who study hard. 1 and so are their teachers an

17、d parents. 2 she got good grades in the final exams last year. i hope her experience will be helpful. here is what li mei said when she was interviewed:a. my teacher once told me to be more careful.b. i spent most of my time on englishc. today, i invite li mei, who is right now studying in senior 1.

18、d. so many students are under too much pressure and worried about the exam.e. if i were given another chance, i would do much better.fi knew i must make progress in it because it makes up 20% of the final english exam. g. my experience is that for junior 3,every minute is important. 3 . dont waste a

19、ny of them. i used to be poor in english in the first term of junior 3. it was hard for me to spell the words correctly. but i didnt give it up. i read textbooks on the bus to and from school. i worked hard at home and sometimes burned the midnight oil. _4 during the last term, i tried my best to im

20、prove it by listening to the teacher carefully in class and going over what i had learnt after class. _5 because of my hard work, i got good grades in english in the big exam.1. 2. 3. 4. （b）5. 1. 自我檢測：2. 3. 4. 5. the chinese dream is a hot topic of this year. many chinese young people are inspired b

21、y the chinese dream. 1 they give us courage and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. here is some advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams.never giving up is the key to make our dreams come true. 2 but we can learn from failure, correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve o

22、ur goals. our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. 3 we believe rainbows will appear after storms. 4everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. besides, in our society most problems cant be solved by one person alone. cooperation is becoming one of the most importa

23、nt ways for people living in the developing society.at the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. 5 follow the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true.a smile will tell

24、people around you that you are a kind and friendly person. 1 for example, one of my classmates, mike, doesnt have very nice teeth, so that is why he seldom opens his mouth. 2 so it is very important for us to look after our teeth.in fact, a lot of people have this problem. some people inherit(繼承) te

25、eth problems from their parents,while others teeth are damaged because of bad habits, like heavy smoking, eating too much sugar or not brushing teeth often. 3 they can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.a. if you want to keep healthy, you should not only smile but also lau

26、gh.b. what teeth problem do they have?c. if your teeth are in bad shape, you should go to see dentists and ask them for help.d. so please take this chance to smile and laugh now!e. smile and laugh are different.f. however, many people dont smile because they think they have ugly teeth. g. he even sa

27、ys that he has lost confidence because of his teeth.smiling can help you to feel more confident and make other people think of you as a more friendly person. 4 an indian doctor called kataria said that young children should laugh about 300 times a day, while adults should laugh between 7 and 15 time

28、s a day. 5 a. everyone has their own dreams.b. cooperation is also necessary.c. failure is the mother of success,d. then we may be confident enough to face challenges.e. we meet challenges every day and we need to solve them.f. we may fail from time to time, g. it sometimes has wind and rain.1. 2. 3

29、. 4. 5. 補充材料：（一）a. they are all bad for peoples healthb. if you are over-weight and want to lose weight (減肥),c. many people like playing sportsd. you should eat healthy foods about 95% of the time,e. junk food is bad for healthf. eating fruit is good for your healthg. firstly, it is cheap to make.ju

30、nk food has lots of fat (脂肪), salt and sugar. 1.hamburgers, hots dogs, friench fries, cola and ice-cream are all junk food!junk food is popular in the world . why? 2.second, it is fast and easy for people to eat.third, many people, including children, like it because it tastes good. lastly, most jun

31、k food has food additives (添加劑). so it looks and tastes better, and can be kept for a long time.3.it makes people overweight (超重),and brings many other health problems.its ok to have junk food now and then (偶爾). 4.youd better not eat it or try to eatless. if you are active and play sports very often

32、, you can have some after you have much healthy food.junk food still has some nutrients and is a small part of a balanced diet. 5.and then eat 5% of junk food.(二)one day, some successful men got tegether and went to visit their old teacher.a. the secret of happiness is to be activeb. they are just t

33、ools to hold,c. and the plain and cheap ones were leftd. some are expensive but some are cheap.e. soon they talked about the stress (壓力) in work and life and be came unhappy.f. no one knows how to be relaxedg. what all of you really wanted was coffee,these classmates all had good jobs and made lots

34、of money. they talked happily.1. the teacher went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and many cupschina (瓷制的) ones, plastic ones and glass ones. some cups are good-looking and some are plain (樸素的) looking, 2. then the teacher told them to help themselves to the coffee.when all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the teacher said, “can you notice that all the nice-l ooking expensive cups were taken by you,3.that is why you have stresses and problems.in f