八年級下冊Units5-6.ppt

1、八年級下冊 Units 5-6,核心速記 1. _ n. 機(jī)會; 機(jī)遇 2. _ adj. 幾個的; 數(shù)個的 3. _ n. 郵票 4. _ n. 省會; 首都 5. _ n. 一千,chance,several,stamp,capital,thousand,聯(lián)想串記 1. organize(v. )_(n. )組織者 _(n. )組織 2. against(prep. )_(反義詞)贊成 3. injure(v. )_(adj. )受傷的 4. fat(adj. )_(同義詞)肥胖的 _(反義詞)瘦的 5. collect(v. )_(n. )收藏 _(n. )收藏者,organizer,o

2、rganization,for,injured,heavy,thin,collection,collector,get injured get hurt 受傷,拓展：against prep. 反對，違反，不同意,1. (1)against 反對，違反 反義詞：for prep.支持，贊成 be against (doing) sth 反對(做)某事 be for (doing) sth 支持/贊成(做)某事 e.g I am for your decision. He is against that suggestion. Are you against or for that plan?

3、I am strongly against smoking in public. They are for going to New York for vacation,拓展:against prep. 反對，違反，不同意,1. (1)against 反對，違反 反義詞：for prep.支持，贊成 be against (doing) sth 反對(做)某事 be for (doing) sth 支持/贊成(做)某事 against 作介詞時還有“靠著，緊靠”的意思。 e.g Our flag stands against the wall. 另外：play against 與.比賽 fig

4、ht against 與.斗爭,6. skate(v. )_(n. )溜冰者 _(n. )溜冰 7. write(v. )_(n. )作家; 作者 8. Europe(n. )_(adj. 歐洲人 9. Russia(adj. )_(adj. 附帶說說,在遠(yuǎn)處,exexercise,拓展：by the way 順便說一句,1.(1)by the way (2)on the way (3)in the way e.g By the way, whats the time? A heavy rain is on the way. Tom is on his way home. He is on t

5、he way to school. I left them alone, because I felt I was in the way. You have to move- you are in my way,順便說一句,在路上,即將來臨,妨礙，阻礙,擋著.的路,Exercise,1. Mr. Black thinks animals should have the right to enjoy freedom, so he is stronly against _(keep) animals in the zoo. 2. 當(dāng)我們與三班比賽時，他總是靠著門站著看。 He was always

6、 standing _ the doorand watching while we were _ _ Class Three,Exercise,3. _ the way, did you meet Danny _ your way home this morning?(on/by) 4. Many teenagers have hobbies. But these hobbies can get _ _ _ (阻礙)of the school work,test,Test,1. Im _ building a new zoo because I think new zoos are terri

7、ble places for animals to live in. A. against B.on C. in D. for 2.翻譯：我反對在公共場所抽煙。 3. Do the dictation,Homework,1.Review what we have leant this class. 2. memerise the words,1. 如果你去參加聚會, 你會玩得很開心! _ you _ to the party, _ have a great time! 2. 如果明天他們舉辦宴會將會怎么樣? _ _ _ _ they have the party tomorrow? 3. 如果

8、你變成一名職業(yè)運(yùn)動員, 你將能夠通過做你喜歡做的事 來謀生。 If you become a professional athlete, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ something you love,If,go,youll,What,will,happen,if,youll,be,able,to,make,a living,doing,4. 你溜冰多長時間了? 我溜冰五個小時了。 _ _ have you been skating? Ive been skating _ _ _. 5. 對于像我這樣的一個外國人, 了解中國歷史越多, 就越喜歡 居住在中國。 For a foreigne

9、r like me, _ _ I learn about Chinese history, _ _ I enjoy living in China,How,long,for,five,hours,the,more,the,more,重點(diǎn)句型：1. If you go to the party, you will have a great time,1.if 引導(dǎo)的兩種從句：(1)條件狀語從句： 真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句 (2)賓語從句,重點(diǎn)句型：1. If you go to the party, you will have a great time,1)條件狀語從句： 真實(shí)條件句:if條件狀語

10、從句表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的. e.g If you ask him, he will help you. If you fail in the exam, you will let your parents down. If you play with fire, you may get burnt. Close the window if you feel cold,重點(diǎn)句型：1. If you go to the party, you will have a great time,1)條件狀語從句： 真實(shí)條件句:if條件狀語從句

11、表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的. a. 若主句為一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，即“主將從現(xiàn)” b. 若主句中含有情態(tài)動詞can, may, must等,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 c.若主句為祈使句，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,practice,Practice,1. If more trees _ planted, our city will be more beautiful. A. were B.are C. will be D. is 2. If our government _ attention to controlling food safe

12、ty now, our health _ in danger. A. wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; is C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will be,Practice,3. If the robots _wrong, you can get a new one for free or get all your money back. A. went B. go C. would go D. will go 4. If there _ no buying and selling of animals, there _ no k

13、illing in nature. A. is; will be B. will be; will be C. is; is D. will be; is,虛擬條件句,重點(diǎn)句型：1. If you go to the party, you will have a great time,1)條件狀語從句： 虛擬條件句:if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件，也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時，表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設(shè)。 e.g If I were a bird, that would be fine. If I were you, I would treas

14、ure every posibility to learn,1. 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,一、if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的三種情況,e.g If I had a dog, that would be cool.If I were you, I would invite Tom to the party,2. 對過去的虛擬,e.g I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic last night.If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the

15、party,3.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),1. If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 2. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 3. If anyone set me free, I could make him very rich,practice,Practice,1. We wouldnt have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wouldnt of

16、fer C. hasnt offer D. had offered 2. -John went to the hospital alone. -If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told,Practice,3. If I _ you, I woulnt do like that. A. were B. am C. are D. is,Object clause,重點(diǎn)句型：1. If you go to the party, you will have a

17、 great time,1.if 引導(dǎo)的 (2)賓語從句：if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，if “是否” （=whether）。 主句為一般現(xiàn)在時時，從句沒有時態(tài)限制，可以根據(jù)句意使用任何時態(tài)。 主句為一般過去式時，從句應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。 e.g No one knows if it will rain tomorrow. I want to konw if he lives there. I dont konw if he has come here. He asked me if I could help him. I dont konw whether he has come or not

18、,若句子中有or not， 只用whether,Exercise,1. I dont know If my pen pal _ (come) tomorrow. If he _ (not come), we wont go on a picnic. 2. 如果我是你，我不會酒后駕車的。 If I _ you, I wouldnt drive a car after driking alcohol. 3. -I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday. -What if someone else _ (bring) the same pr

19、esent,Exercise,4. Were not sure if it _ tomorrow. If it _, we wont go hiking. A. will rain; rains B. will rain; will rain C. rains; rains D. rains; will rain,Homework,1.Review what we have leant this class， that is the clause introduced by if. 2. Memerize the words,1. If you go to the party, you wil

20、l have a great time,1. (1)have a good/great time 玩得高興，過得愉快 = have fun = enjoy oneself, e.g We had a good time staying with you. We had fun playing basketball. (2)Have a good/great time 用來表示祝愿。 e.g -Ill go to Singapore for my summer vacation. -Have a good time,后接動詞的ing 形式,2. I have been skating since

21、 nine oclock,1. (1)since prep. “自.以來”，since + 時間點(diǎn) conj. 自從，since + (含過去式)時間狀語從句,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 conj. “因?yàn)?，既然?e.g I have been writing since 8 oclock. I have lived here since 2009. They have worked here since two years ago. He has read since I came home. Since he moved to New York, we havent writte

22、n to each other. Since you are free today, lets go to the movies,2. I have been skating since nine oclock,1. (2)for + 時間段, 表示時間的持續(xù)，句子中的位于動詞常用延續(xù)性動詞。主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 e.g I have been reading for two hours. They have worked for three years. Tom has been doing his homework for an hour. Attention:since

23、和 for 引導(dǎo)表示一段時間的短語或從句時可以互換；對其提問都用how long,2. I have been skating since nine oclock,補(bǔ)充： (1)現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，還表示動作從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。 (2)現(xiàn)在 完成時的構(gòu)成：have/has + V過去分詞,2. I have been skating since nine oclock,3)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法： 過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響，常與already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, up

24、till now, up to now, recently, during/in the past/last . years， before等連用。 表示動作從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。常用含有延續(xù)意義的動詞，往往和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，如since, for. e.g More than 200 people have died in the earthquake so far. He has already died. He has been dead for three years,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting sh

25、ells,Attention: (1)短暫性(瞬間性)動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，如：buy, borrow, die, join, lose, open, close, leave, arrive, finish/end, start/begin,非延續(xù)性動詞,延續(xù)性動詞,1) borrow (2)buy (3)open (4)leave (5)start/begin (6)arrive (7)get to know (8)die (9)join,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting shells,非延續(xù)性動詞,延續(xù)性動詞,1) borrow (2)

26、buy (3)open (4)leave (5)start/begin (6)arrive (7)get to know (8)die (9)join (10)come to (11)close (12)get up (13)finish/end (14)fall asleep,1) keep (2)have (3)be open (4)be away (5)be on (6)be here (7)know (8)be dead (9)be in (10)be in (11)be closed (12)be up (13)be over (14)be asleep,Practice,Pract

27、ice,1. Miss Liu has taught English _ she came here. A. since B. at C. when D. for 2. I have been staying here _ two years. A. since B. for C. when D. while,Practice,3.-_ have you lived in the countryside? - For three months. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far 4. I have been staying here

28、 _ two years ago. A. since B. for C. when D. while,Practice,5. -Have you ever been to Shanghai？ -Yes. I _ there with my father last year. A. went B. have been C. has been D. have gone,Exercise,Test,1. -How long have the boys been playing soccer? - Since school _ over. A.is B. are C. was D. were 2. I

29、 have been studying English _ two years ago. A. since B. for C. when D. while 2. Do the dictation,Homework,1.Review what we have leant this class. 2. Memerize the words,3. Weve run out of room to store them,1. (1)run out of 用完，用盡，主語為人，(=use up)。 從.跑出來。 (2)run out “用完，用盡”，主語為物。 e.g Tom has run out of

30、 his money. Im too tired. I run out of my energy. An elephant ran out of the zoo yesterday. My money has run out. The ink has run out,run-ran-run,3. Weve run out of room to store them,2. room n. 房間；空間 e.g There are two rooms in the house. Is there enough room for me in the car? Practice: The bus is

31、too crowded that I cant get enough _ to stand on. A. house B. room C. place D. spaces,4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoying living in China,1. (1)the + 比較級，the + 比較級， “越.,就越.” e.g I wish I have plenty of money, the more, the better. The greater power, it becomes the greater

32、responsibility. The more you eat, you heavier you will be,4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoying living in China,1.(2)比較級 + and + 比較級， “越來越.”(其中，more and more + adj/adv原級多用于多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞。) e.g It gets colder and colder. She becomes more and more beautiful. Study becomes more and

33、more important,4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoying living in China,1. (3)比較級表達(dá)最高級：比較級+ than any other + 單數(shù)名詞，“比其他任何一個.更.”. (4)the + 比較級 + of the two,“兩者中比較.的一個”。 e.g His grades are better than any other student in the class. This city is more beautiful than any other city

34、in China. Tom is the taller of the two,Exercise,Test,1. -Some people waste too much water. They dont believe that it can _ some day. A.keep out B. run out C.be run out D. run out of 2. I believe _ you exercise, _ you will be. A. the more; the healthy B. the more; the healthier C. the less; the more

35、healthy D. the much; the more healthy,Homework,1.Review what we have learnt this class. 2. Memerize the words,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting shells,1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成： have/has been doing sth. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法：表示動作從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，這里特別強(qiáng)調(diào)該動作正在進(jìn)行，常和since,for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collectin

36、g shells,1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成： (1)肯定式：have/has been doing sth e.g He has been collecting stamps for three years. They have been staying here for three hours. (2)否定式：have/has not been doing sth e.g He hasnt been collecting for three years. They havent been staying here for three hours, 試改為否定句,補(bǔ)充：1. How long

37、 have you been collecting shells,1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成： (3)一般疑問句：Has/Have + 主語 been doing sth? e.g He has been collecting stamps for three years. Has he been collecting stamps for three years? They have been staying here for three hours. Have they been staying here for three hours,將下列句子改為一般疑問句,補(bǔ)充：1. How lon

38、g have you been collecting shells,1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成： (3)特殊疑問句：How long has/have + 主語 been doing sth? e.g He has been collecting stamps for three years. How long has he been collecting stamps? They have been staying here for three hours. How long have they been staying here,對下列句子劃線部分提問,Practice,1.把下列句子改成

39、否定句，一般疑問句和就劃線部分提問。 (1)They have been learning English for five months. (2)He has been reading since 8 oclock,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting shells,Attention: (1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別： 少數(shù)動詞用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時或現(xiàn)在完成時都可以，指動作從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，但前者比后者更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。 e.g Mr King has taught in the university for many years.

40、Mr. King has been teaching in the university for many years,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting shells,Attention: (1)短暫性(瞬間性)動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，如：buy, borrow, die, join, lose, open, close, leave, arrive, finish/end, start/begin,非延續(xù)性動詞,延續(xù)性動詞,1) borrow (2)buy (3)open (4)leave (5)start/begin (6)arrive (

41、7)get to know (8)die (9)join,補(bǔ)充：1. How long have you been collecting shells,非延續(xù)性動詞,延續(xù)性動詞,1) borrow (2)buy (3)open (4)leave (5)start/begin (6)arrive (7)get to know (8)die (9)join (10)come to (11)close (12)get up (13)finish/end (14)fall asleep,1) keep (2)have (3)be open (4)be away (5)be on (6)be here

42、(7)know (8)be dead (9)be in (10)be in (11)be closed (12)be up (13)be over (14)be asleep,Exercise,Exercise,1. Mr. Yang has been raising money for the poor schools for ten years. _ _ has been Mr. Yang been raising money for the poor schools? 2. 我們從九歲時開始學(xué)英語。 We _ _ _（study）English since we were nine ye

43、ars old,Exercise,3. Bob _ stamps since he was ten years old. A. had been collecting B. had collected C. has been collecting D. collected,Testt,過去完成時,1. 過去完成時的構(gòu)成：had + V-過去分詞 2. 定義：過去完成時表示到過去某一時間動作已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 e.g When we arrived at the station, we found the train had already

44、gone. I got to the theatre and found that they had sold all the tickets. The car which my uncle had just boughgt was destroyed. By 5 oclock yesterday we had done a lot of work,Test,1. Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 25 years old. A. taught; comes B. taught; came C. has taught; came D. has taught; has come 2. -How long has Sam been skating? -He _ for five years. A. have been skating B. has been skating C. was skating D. has been skated,