大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程4unit2PassageBCulturalDifferences

1、Unit 2 Passage B Text,Contents Skimming and Scanning Language Points Reading Questions Reading Skill Practice Translating Skill Practice,Decide T or F or fill in the blanks after your fast reading,( )1. The writer was told the Russian was a crude people. ( )2. The writer have known Russian very well

2、 in 1993. ( )3. The writer went to Russian twice. ( )4. In Chile, women often kiss not only women but also men on the cheek to show the greetings.,F,F,F,T,Para 1,Para 1,Para 6,Para 12,( )5. In Russia, when a man peels a banana for woman, it means he is fond of her. ( )6. We can generalize nothing si

3、milar from Hispanics. ( )7. “Yes” means “I agree” all the time. ( )8. Paying attention to customs and cultural differences is not important. ( )9. In Russia, it is a customary for the arriving person to greet the others. 10. The writer worked in in 1993.,the University of California,F,F,F,F,T,Para 7

4、,Para 9,Para 11,Para 12,Para 12,Para 1,Cultural Differences In 1993, I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California. I was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. “Russians are a very polite people,” I h

5、ad been tutored before my arrival. One of my interpreters, once I was there, explained that a gentleman should pour the lemonade (a type of juice) for the ladies and show other courtesies to them. Toward the end of my three-week trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Dmitri Ivanovich

6、 and his lovely wife Yielena out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal Yielena asked if I would like a banana. I,educated / taught,invite sb. out to dinner 邀請(qǐng)外出吃飯,politely declined and thanked her, and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But the whole while my mind was racing: “What do

7、 I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me? What is the polite thing to do?” “Would you like a banana?” I asked Yielena. “Yes,” she smiled, but made no attempt to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket. “What now?” I thought. “Which one would you

8、 like?” I fumbled. “That one,” she pointed at one of the bananas. So all the while thinking about Russian politeness I picked the banana Yielena had pointed at and peeled it half way and handed it to her. Smiles in Yielena and Dmitris faces told me I had done the right thing. After this experience I

9、 spent much time,make attempt to Eg. He made attempt to go.,time,letting the world know that in Russia, the polite thing is to peel the bananas for the ladies. Sometime during my third trip I was politely disabused of my notion. “Oh no, Grigorii Davidovich,” a Russian graciously corrected me. “In Ru

10、ssia, when a man peels a banana for a lady it means he has a romantic interest in her.” How embarrassed I felt. And here I had been proudly telling everyone about this tidbit of cultural understanding. Certain lessons have to be learned the hard way. Some well meaning articles and presentations on c

11、ultural differences have a potential to do more harm than good and may not be as amusing. They present, like my bananas, too many generalizations or quite a distorted view.,kindly,a small interesting information 小趣聞,有些教訓(xùn)只有通過(guò)這種尷尬的方式才能吸取。,Some often-heard generalizations about the Hispanic culture inc

12、lude: Hispanics need less personal space, make less eye contact, touch each other more in normal conversation, and are less likely to participate in a meeting. Generalizations are often dangerous, and especially when accompanied by recommendations such as: move closer when talking to Hispanics, make

13、 more physical contact, dont expect participation, and so on.,Differences between people within any given nation or culture are much greater than differences between groups. Education, social standing, religion, personality, belief structure, past experience, affection shown in the home, and a myria

14、d of other factors will affect human behavior and culture. Sure there are differences in approach as to what is considered polite and appropriate behavior both on and off the job. In some cultures “yes” means, “I hear you” more than “I agree.” Length of pleasantries and greetings before getting down

15、 to business, level of tolerance for being around someone speaking a foreign (not-understood) language, politeness measured in terms of gallantry or etiquette (e.g., standing up for a woman who approaches a,a host of / a multitude of / a wealth of,談?wù)虑暗暮押蛦?wèn)候的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短,(,),table, yielding a seat on the bu

16、s to an older person, etc.) and manner of expected dress are all examples of possible cultural differences and traditions. In Mexico it is customary for the arriving person to greet the others. For instance, someone who walks into a group of people eating would say provecho (enjoy your meal). In Chi

17、le, women often greet both other women and men with a kiss on the cheek. In Russia women often walk arm in arm with their female friends. Paying attention to customs and cultural differences can give someone outside that culture a better chance of assimilation or acceptance. Ignoring these can get a

18、n unsuspecting person into trouble. There are cultural and ideological differences and it is good to have an understanding about a cultures customs and ways.,Aaron Pun, a Canadian ODCnet correspondent, wrote: “In studying cross-cultural differences, we are not looking at individuals but a comparison

19、 of one ethnic group against others. Hence, we are comparing two bell curves and generalizations cannot be avoided.” Another correspondent explained the human need to categorize. True, but the danger comes when we act on some of these generalizations, especially when they are based on faulty observa

20、tions. Acting on generalizations about such matters as eye contact, personal space, touch, and interest in participation can have serious negative consequences. (781 words),Reading question 4,Reading question 5,嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面后果 positive consequences 正面結(jié)果,But the whole while my mind was racing,race v. 常用意 tak

21、e in a race 參加速度比賽 此處 move very fast 急速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；移動(dòng),Translation 但此刻我一直在想。,Sometime during my third trip I was politely disabused of my notion,When I went to Russia for the third time a Russian politely corrected my wrong notion.,Some well meaning articles and presentations on cultural differences have a po

22、tential to do more harm than good and may not be as amusing.,Some articles and lectures aim to help readers and audience to understand about cultural differences, but in fact, are likely to mislead them, meanwhile they are not interesting.,那些有關(guān)文化差異的好心文章和講座可能是害多利少，也許還并不像我說(shuō)的這件事這樣只是一件趣事而已。,好心的；善意的,Hisp

23、anic adj. of Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries 西班牙及其他說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)國(guó)家的,Hispanics: n.,accompany v. be provided or exist at the same time as something; go with, esp. on a journey 伴隨,Example Let me accompany you to the restaurant. Accompanying these temperature variations were some periods of rather he

24、avy precipitation.,天氣變化,fall of rain, sleet, snow or hail （雨、雨夾雪、雪、雹子等的）降落,recommendation n. advice or suggestion,Example My teacher wrote me a letter of recommendation to support my job application.,Differences between people within any given nation or culture are much greater than differences betw

25、een groups.,The differences between people in one country or one culture are much greater than those between two countries or two cultures.,任何特定民族或特定文化內(nèi)部的人們之間的差異常常要比不同群體間的差異大得多。,Sure there are differences in approach as to what is considered polite and appropriate behavior both on and off the job.,T

26、ranslation 對(duì)上班和下班后那些行為算是有禮貌和恰當(dāng)?shù)倪@一問(wèn)題，看法肯定是有分歧的。,way / attitude,Paying attention to customs and cultural differences can give someone outside that culture a better chance of assimilation or acceptance.,If they pay attention to the customs and cultural differences those who come from another culture ha

27、ve a better chance of being accepted by the local people.,注意風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和文化差異能讓來(lái)自另一種文化的人有機(jī)會(huì)更快地融入該文化或被認(rèn)同。,There are cultural and ideological differences and it is good to have an understanding about a cultures customs and ways.,In another country, the cultural and political beliefs are different from ours, t

28、herefore its helpful to know its customs and ways.,由于存在文化和意識(shí)形態(tài)上的差異，所以了解一種文化中的習(xí)慣和方式是有好處的。,In studying cross-cultural differences, we are not looking at individuals but a comparison of one ethnic group against others. Hence, we are comparing two bell curves and generalizations cannot be avoided.,When

29、we study the differences between different cultures we are comparing the collective culture rather than individuals from each culture. Therefore we focus on their general differences which will not be true of everyone within those cultures.,Translation,In studying cross-cultural differences, we are

30、not looking at individuals but a comparison of one ethnic group against others. Hence, we are comparing two bell curves and generalizations cannot be avoided.,在研究跨文化差異中，我們不是研究個(gè)體，而是進(jìn)行不同民族間的比較，因此，我們是在比較兩個(gè)正態(tài)分布曲線，所以概括是難免的。,Ex. 10Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passa

31、ge.,1.What did the author learn about Russians before he visited Russia? A)They are very polite. B)They are frank and romantic. C)Their behavior is usually very different. D)They are very hospitable.,1.What did the author learn about Russians before he visited Russia? A)They are very polite. B)They

32、are frank and romantic. C)Their behavior is usually very different. D)They are very hospitable,Ex. 10Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.,2.How did the author feel about his peeling a banana for a woman in Russia during his first visit to Russia? A)He felt h

33、e did the right thing in line with Russian culture. B)He felt embarrassed for having broken a Russian custom. C)He felt he was making a mistake. D)He felt excited about his romantic experience.,2.How did the author feel about his peeling a banana for a woman in Russia during his first visit to Russi

34、a? A)He felt he did the right thing in line with Russian culture. B)He felt embarrassed for having broken a Russian custom. C)He felt he was making a mistake. D)He felt excited about his romantic experience.,3. How did the author realize that he had made a cultural blunder? A)He studied Russian etiq

35、uette after his first visit to Russia. B)He got a hint from the lady he offered the banana to. C)He was politely corrected by a Russian during his third visit. D)He consulted some books and realized his mistake.,Ex. 10Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.,3.

36、How did the author realize that he had made a cultural blunder? A)He studied Russian etiquette after his first visit to Russia. B)He got a hint from the lady he offered the banana to. C)He was politely corrected by a Russian during his third visit. D)He consulted some books and realized his mistake.

37、,4.What does the author mean by the study of cross-cultural differences? A)Studying the differences between individuals within one ethnic group. B)Making a comparison between one ethnic group and another in terms of culture. C)Making cultural generalizations about one culture based on the standards

38、of the other. D)Comparing and categorizing different cultures.,Ex. 10Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.,4.What does the author mean by the study of cross-cultural differences? A)Studying the differences between individuals within one ethnic group. B)Making

39、 a comparison between one ethnic group and another in terms of culture. C)Making cultural generalizations about one culture based on the standards of the other. D)Comparing and categorizing different cultures.,5What can we infer about the author from the passage? A) He was a male tourist. B)He could

40、 speak Russian very well. C)He often traveled around the world. D)He was an expert in world cultures.,Ex. 10Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.,5What can we infer about the author from the passage? A) He was a male tourist. B)He could speak Russian very wel

41、l. C)He often traveled around the world. D)He was an expert in world cultures.,Reading Skills Practice,Facts are statements that can be verified that is, proven to be true. Opinions are statements that express subjective feelings, attitudes, or beliefs. Their truth will have to be proven. Here are a

42、 few examples of each: Facts 1. The average American adults spend 25 hours per week on housework. 2. U.S. military spending has increased over the past ten years.,Distinguishing Fact from Opinion,Distinguishing Fact from Opinion,Opinions 1. By the year 2020 tobacco should have become illegal, as var

43、ious other drugs are currently illegal. 2. If John F. Kennedy had lived, the United States would have become quite different. Facts, once verified or taken from a reputable source, can be accepted and regarded as reliable information. Opinions, however, are not reliable sources of information and sh

44、ould be questioned and carefully evaluated. Some authors are careful to signal the reader when they are presenting an opinion.,Distinguishing Fact from Opinion,Watch for such words and phrases as: it is believed apparently in my view presumably it is likely that in my opinion seemingly this suggests one explanation is possibly,Translating Skills Prac