全新版大學(xué)英語快速閱讀英漢對照UNIT6

1、精品好資料學(xué)習(xí)推薦Unit 6 第六單元Karoshi 過勞死You might be of the opinion that a little hard work never hurt anyone, but this old saying 你可能會認(rèn)為有點努力工作不會傷害任何人,但這個老說is wearing thin. Tokyo interiors fitter Nobuo Miuro, quite literally, died in his work boots 穿著瘦。東京的內(nèi)部裝飾來使其具有親切感鉗工Nobuo Miuro照字面上,死于他的工作的靴子in the middle

2、of a 17-hour shift: a Japanese doctor returned a verdict of death by overwork. 這場當(dāng)中的改變:日本醫(yī)生裁定死于加班。Its a phenomenon that has become so common in Japan (where a typical office worker can 那是一種現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)非常普遍在日本(在一個典型的辦公室工人可以leave home at 7am, only getting back after 11pm) that they even have their own word f

3、or it: 早上7點離開家,只在晚上11點后打回到,他們甚至還有自己的的話:karoshi. “過勞死”。Karoshi has yet to make it as a buzzword in current British usage, but thats not to say 還沒有過勞死,在當(dāng)前的熱門話題,而英國的用法,但這并不是說that long hours and work-related stress arent taking their toll on us here. Self-reported 那么長時間和工作壓力不重要,我們這里的代價。自報的health problem

4、s in the past 12 months by people in the UK working 48 hours or more have 健康問題,在過去的12個月,英國人在48小時內(nèi)工作included mental exhaustion (54 %), difficulty sleeping (43 %) and range from chronic 包括精神的疲憊(5400 %),入睡困難(43 %)年齡從慢性headaches and irritable bowel trouble to ulcers and drug or alcohol problems. 頭痛和腸易激麻

5、煩去潰瘍和吸毒或喝酒的問題。The weird thing is that not all of this chaos is brought about because we work for mean 奇怪的是,不是所有這些帶來混亂,因為我們工作的意思bosses, keen to keep us working even on Christmas day. 老板,想把我們的工作更圣誕節(jié)。Deborah is the marketing director of a major fashion outlet. She regularly burns the 黛博拉是營銷總監(jiān)的一個主要時尚的電源

6、插座上。她經(jīng)常會midnight oil but has few regrets. I did begin to worry a bit when they moved the chocolate 并沒有太多的遺憾開夜車?！拔易隽碎_始有點擔(dān)心當(dāng)他們把巧克力vending machine right outside my office door. Apparently I get through more chocolate bars 自動售貨機就在外面我的辦公室的門。顯然我抓住更多的巧克力in one week than the entire second floor get through

7、in a month. But other than not having a 比在一個星期內(nèi)度過整個三樓的在一個月。但是除了沒有particularly healthy diet and probably drinking more coffee than is good for me, I really 尤其是健康的飲食和可能喝的咖啡而非對我也有好處,我真的love my job. 熱愛我的工作?！盉ut theres another reason Deborah says she works so hard. Most offices are still a little 但在底波拉的另

8、一個原因就是說她工作很努力?！按蠖鄶?shù)辦公室還是有點dominated by males, she says. Being a woman, I feel that I have to work even harder than 男性主導(dǎo)的,”她說?！白鳛橐粋€女人,我覺得我有更加努力地工作the men if I want to be taken seriously. Deborah believes that for women to succeed in the 男人如果我想受到重視?！摈觳├J(rèn)為成功的女性workplace they have to shoulder more than t

9、heir fair share of the workload, but shes 他們會承擔(dān)工作比他們相同的工作量,但她的adamant that her efforts are being rewarded. 堅信她的努力正在給予獎勵。In recognition of my hard work I was given a new Alfa Romeo as my company car and they re “教授,以表揚他們在我的努力工作他給我一個新的阿爾發(fā)羅密歐作為公司車,它們是talking about giving me a posting in Italy next year

10、. Lucky Deborah! Italians, according to 談?wù)撟屛覐堎N在意大利明年。”幸運的底波拉!根據(jù)意大利人,the Trades Union Congress, only work an average of 38.5 hours every week. 英國工會聯(lián)盟平均工作的,只有們只有38.5小時每星期。The Culture of Lead Time “領(lǐng)先的文化來,Advance notice is often referred to in America as lead time, an expression which is 通知在美國常被稱為“交貨期,

11、”表示的significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most 重要的意義,在一種文化,在時間表是很重要的。而據(jù)了解非正式地,最多of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the 我們都很熟悉如何操作,在自己的文化中,雖然我們不能說的rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cu

12、ltures, however, have rarely been 規(guī)則技術(shù)上。交貨時間的規(guī)則在其他一些文化中,然而,人們很少analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. 分析。在最他們廣為人知的經(jīng)驗,那些在國外住了一段時間。Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for 然而認(rèn)為是多么的重要,知道有多少時間是要準(zhǔn)備的人,或者t

13、hem to prepare themselves, for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very 他們準(zhǔn)備自己,因為事情。有時他們會時間會顯得很extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long. 延長。在其他時候,在中東,任何一段時間超過星期可能太長了。How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well ill

14、ustrated by the case of an 不同處理方式多大的麻煩時間可以有精美的插圖的具體俺American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attache of our embassy in a Latin country. 美國agriculturalist指定責(zé)任作為一種封裝在拉丁美國大使館的國家。After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on 在經(jīng)過似乎一個合理的時間內(nèi)他讓大家知道他想叫the

15、minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not 這位部長誰是他的配偶。由于種種原因,提出的時間suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit 合適的,各種線索回到效果當(dāng)時時機未成熟去看望他的祖父the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which

16、 was 部長。我們的朋友,然而,堅持并迫使預(yù)約,這是reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he 不情愿地同意。到了小之前到達(美國尊重圖案),他waited. The hour came and passed; five minutesten minutesfifteen minutes. At this point 等待。時候到了,并通過;5 minutes-ten minutes-fifteen分鐘。在這一點上he suggested to the se

17、cretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the 他建議對秘書說的也許部長卻不知道他是等在outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to 辦公室外間。這給了他一種感覺他沒有什么具體,也幫助overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutestwenty-five minutes 克服十分焦

18、慮不安的他。20 minutes-twenty-five分鐘thirty minutesforty-five minutes (the insult period)! minutes-forty-five分鐘(對風(fēng)車時間)!He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been cooling his heels in an outer office 他跳了起來,叫秘書,他已經(jīng)被“鎮(zhèn)定他的腳跟”在辦公室外間for forty-five minutes and he was damned sick and tired of this type o

19、f treatment. This 為45分鐘,他是“該死的煩透了”的這種類型的治療。這message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, Let him cool his heels. The 信息是轉(zhuǎn)交給部長,他們說,事實上,“讓他冷靜他的腳跟?！边@attache s stay in the country was not a happy one. 封裝的那呆在這個國家的不是一個幸福的家庭。The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the

20、country in question the 誤解的主要來源躺在的事實是,在國家的問題five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, 五分鐘的延遲時間不是很顯著。45分鐘,另一方面,instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To 而不是最差的等待標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來才剛剛開始。到suggest to an American s secretary

21、that perhaps her boss didnt know you were there after 建議美國的那秘書,也許她的老板不知道你在那里以后waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about cooling your heels 等待六十秒似乎荒謬的,必要時可以提高風(fēng)暴關(guān)于“冷卻你的高跟鞋”for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of 五分鐘。但這正是注冊

22、了的投訴的部長the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally 美國在他的辦公室外間!他認(rèn)為,像往常一樣,美國人被完全醫(yī)好unreasonable. 不合理的。Throughout this unfortunate episode the attache was acting according to the way he had been 在這一不幸事件的隨員的行為是按照brought up. At home in the United States his respo

23、nses would have been normal ones and his 長大的。美國在家里的意見將會是普通電池和他的朋友們的behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing 行為正確的。然而,即使他已經(jīng)告訴他離家前,這類的事情would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept 要發(fā)生的事,他會有困難沒有感覺到侮辱他保存waiting

24、for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the 等待45分鐘。另一方面,如果他所受教育的細(xì)節(jié)local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would 當(dāng)?shù)貢r間系統(tǒng)只是,他應(yīng)該被教當(dāng)?shù)氐目谡Z,那樣have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly. 可能他調(diào)整自己進行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Pace of L

25、ife 的生活節(jié)奏You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4: 33. I dont say anything, because 你和我同意見面四點半了。我出現(xiàn)在4:33。我什么都不要說,因為thats close enough to satisfy our social contract. Only after five minutes do you expect me 真夠懸的足夠使我們的社會契約。只有五分鐘后你指望我來了to say, Sorry I m late. 說:“對不起,我遲到的?！盇t ten minutes

26、I owe you an explanation: The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four 在十分鐘,我欠你一個解釋:“高速公路出口是關(guān)閉的。我必須去共四人miles out of my way. After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After 公里)的方向?！?0分鐘后,我必須充分和嚴(yán)重的道歉。在forty minutes I d better not show up at all. 40分鐘,我最好不要露面。That sort of thingso

27、 formally observed and never explicitly stateddrives people from 那種thing-so,不明確stated-drives正式觀察人other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign 其他文化瘋了。人類學(xué)家列表最艱難的事情要應(yīng)付在外國land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time. 土地。僅次于語言是我們的方式處理時間。Now psycho

28、logists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and 心理學(xué)家現(xiàn)在時間觀點看一下我們的另一種方式。他們往幾個國家和measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city 測量了生活的節(jié)奏。他們測量精度的時鐘和銀行有多快的城市dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how

29、 long people 居民走路。攜帶銀行、郵局等交易。他們認(rèn)為多長時間的人take to answer questions. 要回答問題。Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are 日本保持最快的速度。美國人是一個密切的第二。意大利和印尼有at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont 排在最后。意大利人給長回答你的問題。印

30、尼人不give a fig about setting their bank clocks. 給無花果關(guān)于樹立自己的銀行的時鐘。Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, 在美國的城市,波士頓和堪薩斯城是最快。紐約是,當(dāng)然,but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. California s laid-back reputation is deserved. 不過我們留有這里快的速度在休斯敦。加州的“悠閒的“信譽是

31、該當(dāng)?shù)?。The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. 所有的最低水平保持在洛杉磯。Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our 最后,我們看心臟病。這是非常困難的,因為其他因素有關(guān)。我們heart s greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. 心很最大的敵人是煙草。但是心臟病也與我們保持節(jié)奏

32、。Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it. 吸煙的人自己開車真是提出需求。Now its 4: 55. I m strolling, unhurried, toward our 4: 30 meeting. I m thinking about 現(xiàn)在是4:55歲了?！拔衣?從容,向我們的4點30會議?！拔蚁雜omething Isaac Watts, the English poet, wrote: 以撒瓦的能量,同樣的東西英國詩人寫道:Time, what an empty vapour it is; 時間的話,一個空的蒸

33、汽,And days how swift they are! 又一天如何迅速!Swift as an Indian arrow flies, 印度快快箭飛,Or like a shooting star. 或像一顆流星。That tension soaks through our view of time. Can we see time as an empty vapor? Or do our 我們認(rèn)為這種張力泡通過。我們能看到時間空虛的蒸汽嗎?或做我們的technologies define time and bind us to it? In a technology-dense wor

34、ld, we too often let 技術(shù)定義的時間和使我們呢?在technology-dense世界,我們也常常讓time turn into an Indian arrowone aimed at our heart. 時間變成一個印度arrow-one針對我們的心里。So the clock ticks, and we ask: Is time an arrow we must dodge or vapor we can ignore? If we 所以鐘滴答響,我們問:是時候箭我們必須躲避或蒸汽我們可以忽略?如果我們re smart, we live by the clock on

35、ly when we have to. Otherwise, we sit back and play. We 真是聰明,我們生活的鬧鐘只有當(dāng)我們沒有別的辦法。否則,我們坐下來,玩。我們know how to let time be only vapor, after all. 知道如何讓時間只有蒸汽。The Impact of Time 時間的影響Have you ever studied your calendar and wondered where the weeks and months went? Time seems 你有沒有考慮過你的日歷,不知道周或數(shù)月的地方去了嗎?時間似乎是

36、to fly when we are too busy to be in the moment. 飛當(dāng)我們太忙,“在這個時刻?！盜f you want to be present for your life, slow down and create timelessness by engaging in 如果你想要送給你的生活,慢下來,創(chuàng)造永恒所從事activities that give you joy. 活動,給您帶來快樂。In a book by Dr. Stephen Rechtschaffen, called Timeshifting: Creating More Time To

37、Enjoy 在一本由斯蒂芬Rechtschaffen患病,稱為Timeshifting:創(chuàng)造更多的時間來享受Your Life, the author states that 95 percent of us suffer from time poverty. This is when 你的生活,作者聲稱95%的美國遭受“時間貧窮。”這是當(dāng)you feel frustrated, stressed, trapped and under constant pressure. You have the nagging 你感到灰心,緊張,被困和持續(xù)緊逼。你有糾纏不休的feeling you shou

38、ld be engaged in something else and life seems to be slipping away. 感覺你應(yīng)該從事些別的東西,生命似乎是悄悄溜走。Our challenge with the pace of society begins when we are children. Children move to a 我們的挑戰(zhàn)的節(jié)奏社會即將來臨的時候,我們是兒童。孩子搬到一個different rhythm; at times they move fast, but when they discover something new and 不同節(jié)奏,有時它

39、們快速移動,但是當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新的東西exciting, or something they love, they slow down and are present. Timelessness is a child 刺激,或一些他們的愛,他們慢了下來,然后是“現(xiàn)在”。永恒是一個孩子at play. To children, the rhythm of society is a rude awakening. 在玩。給孩子們,節(jié)奏的社會是一個粗魯?shù)挠X醒。One morning I woke up late and raced through my morning trying to get m

40、y children ready for 一天早上我醒來晚了,我突然試圖把我的孩子們早上準(zhǔn)備好school. My preschooler was drawing with colored pencils and was lost in the moment of making 學(xué)校。我正在畫的學(xué)前班的用彩筆和丟了的時刻制造beautiful art when I interrupted him. I grabbed the pencils and tossed them into a bag but 美麗的藝術(shù)當(dāng)我就打斷了他。我抓起鉛筆,把他們進一個袋子里not before he reta

41、liated by screaming and throwing his paper. My oldest son was not 在此之前,他報復(fù)性的尖叫著,把他的論文。我大兒子卻沒有impressed when I told him we had to go. 當(dāng)我告訴他我們的印象去了。I was at fault for pushing these children out of their rhythm. I should have given them more 我錯了讓這些孩子從他們的節(jié)奏。我本應(yīng)該給他們更多的time. They have their whole lives to

42、 run at society s pace. 時間。他們也有自己的整個生命中運行在社會的步伐。Think about time and its impact on your life. If you conduct yourself as if you are driving 考慮時間及其對你生活的影響。如果你。我對你有信心,如果你是開車200 miles an hour and suddenly slow down to 50 miles an hour, you will feel major discomfort 200哩,而突然減速以50英里每小時的時間,你就會感到主要不適or ma

43、y have an accident. 也可能發(fā)生意外的。If you work all day and life is hectic, what do you do when you get home? You turn on the 如果你工作了一天,生活是重,你在做什么時,你回家嗎?”你打開television, computer or stereo to ease the transition and keep a similar rhythm that you 電視、電腦或立體來緩解轉(zhuǎn)換和保持一個類似的節(jié)奏,但你experienced during the day. 有經(jīng)驗的白天。G

44、oing from chaos to a quiet environment is awkward. It is uncomfortable because we slow down 要從亂一個安靜的環(huán)境就會很難。它讓我感到不舒服,因為我們慢下來and have time to reflect on our lives and challenges. Most of us prefer not to deal with 也有時間來反省我們的生活和挑戰(zhàn)。我們大多數(shù)人不愿意要處理inner conflicts, so we keep busy. We turn on technology and tune out. 內(nèi)心沖突,所以我們忙