英語閱讀理解社會文化練習題含解析

1、 )練習題含解析英語閱讀理解(社會文化 一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類 1閱讀理解 March 21 has been declared World Sleep Day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. Many sleep experts hope it will be a wake-up call. According to a poll (民意調(diào)查) by the National Sleep Foundation, nearly 4 in 5 Americans dont get as much sleep a

2、s they should during the workweek. On average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some wont do well without more. But the survey found that, on weekdays, only 21% of Americans actually get a full eight hours of sleep, and another

3、21% get less than six hours. To many of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. And those are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get

4、enough sleep, researchers say. Also on the plus side: Were likely to have better skin, better memories, better judgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives. “When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influences your performance the next day,” says Dr. Alon Avidan, director of the UCLA Sleep Di

5、sorders Center. A study published last year found the same to be true even of children. When kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didnt function as well during the day. But sleeping has an image problem.“We see napping or sleeping as lazy,” says Jennifer Vriend, a cli

6、nical psychologist in Ottawa, Canada, and the leading author of the study with children.“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat. In fact,”she adds,“no matter how much we work out, no matter how well we eat, we cant be in top physical shape unless we also g

7、et plenty of sleep.” The underlined part in Paragraph 1 means . ）（1 A. waking up the sleepers B. drawing peoples attention D. declaring the special dayC. serving as a morning call From Paragraph 3 we can infer that . ）（2 A. being healthier is one of the advantages for us B. sleeping has nothing to d

8、o with ones expectations C. enough sleep is the guarantee of the appealing things D. spending more time in sleeping is a waste of time What Jennifer Vriend said in the last paragraph implies that . ）（3 A. people care little about sleeping B. sleeping is an image problem D. sleeping is only part of o

9、ur lifeC. lazy people tend to sleep long What is the purpose of the passage? ）（4 A. To talk about peoples sleeping problems. B. To provide an investigation result of sleeping. C. To stress the function of sleeping at night. D. To arouse the awareness of enough sleep. B1）【答案】 （ C2）（ A3）（ D 4）（【解析】【分析

10、】本文是一篇說明文，充足的睡眠對我們非常重要,為了引起人們的足夠重 日被宣布為世界睡眠日。月21視,3 （1）考查詞義猜測。此處指,睡眠專家希望3月21日被宣布為世界睡眠日這件事會引起人們對睡眠的重視。由此可知,a wake-up call含有警鐘的意思。與B項表述的意思相近,故選 。B （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我們更聰 。C,這些都是有吸引力的事

11、情。故選明、更苗條、更健康、更快樂等 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and 。不很重視睡眠。故選A可知,人們注重飲食、營養(yǎng)和鍛煉,exercise. Sleep is in the back seat.” （4）考查推理判斷。這篇文章旨在讓人們意識到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人們關注睡眠問 。題。故選D 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考 生根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解2 Academic learning is usually in t

12、he spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future. Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 scho

13、ols in America. They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutor

14、ing and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency(少年犯罪), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood. In another latest study, by looking at the d

15、ata from nearly 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11. The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught a

16、s part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情緒的) intelligence. Soft skills might include teaching kids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term con

17、sequences when they make a decision. Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our to can they all do should Parents children. socializing of system our in and system education promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. T

18、o the extent we can improve those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency. Fast Track was intended for children who . （1） B. had some problems with academic learningA. were randomly chosen from their schools C. often went against their teachers and parents wishes D. were considered to have cr

19、iminal trouble in the future What can be learned about he intervention in Paragraph 2? ）（2 B. It focused on social skills.A. It included all the students. D. It had positive outcomes.C. It improved health services. Compared with soft skills, hard skills . ）（3 A. almost have no influence on students

20、B. are more affected by students emotion D. offer children greater self-control abilitiesC. are mainly related to academic learning Which is the best title for the passage? ）（4 B. Fast Track Helps ChildrenA. Soft Social Skills Matter D. What to DO for EducationC. How to Prevent Delinquency D）（1【答案】

21、D）（2 C）（3 A 4）（ 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述的是軟社交技能的重要性。【解析】(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students soft skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.可知，F(xiàn)ast

22、Track是為那些在 。未來被認為有犯罪問題的兒童準備的。故選D(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. ”學生被隨機分為兩組；一半的人參與了the interventi

23、on，其中包括教師主導的課程、家長培訓小組、學術輔導以及自我控 。D輔導”，故選制和社交技巧方面的課程。由此推知劃線詞的意思是“(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associat

24、ed with emotional(情緒的) 。Cintelligence.”可知，與軟技能相比，硬技能主要與學術學習有關。故選(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing ?？芍疚闹v述的是軟社交技能的重要性。故選children.”A【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，

25、要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。 閱讀理解3 Beginning life at college naturally develops both excitement and anxiety for many reasons. Fors ome, this feeling is quickly overcome as they adapt to a new environment; for others the change takes longer and sometimes appears as homesickness. If you are

26、 homesick, you might notice an increase in: Low energy or motivation. Trouble sleeping. Increases/decreases in appetite. Having difficulty with school. Increased use of drugs or alcohol. Lack of interest or involvement in new surroundings. CAUSES the farther you go, the worse it may be. The distance

27、 from home Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life. You have finally arrived at college after working toward it for so long. A heavy workload. Students who are homesick often feel they have no control over their environment. WHAT MIGHT HELP? Keep in good contact

28、with the people you have left behind, but also give yourself time within the university to begin to get involved here. Be realistic about what to expect from student life and from yourself. Set up a balance between work and leisure. If work is proving too difficult, you may need to improve your stud

29、y skills or your organization of time. Remember to get enough food and sleep! These affect you emotionally as well as physically. Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests. If you stop being able to do normal social and academic things, seek professional h

30、elp either from your advisor or dean or the counseling service. What might be a sign of feeling homesick? 1）（ A. Feeling like quarreling with someone else. B. Becoming interested in study than ever before. C. Finding food or fruit less attractive. D. Participating in almost all activities in college

31、. New college students might be homesick because . ）（2 A. they are never far away from their parents B. they feel upset about something unexpected C. they suddenly do not have anything to do D. they do not like the university they are in（3）Which of the following measures might be helpful for homesic

32、k students according to the text? A. Keeping their old friends left behind. B. Reminding themselves to keep busy and forget it. C. Forcing themselves to stay in their dorms on weekends. D. Going in for sports with their friends. C1）【答案】 （ B2）（ D 3）（【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了剛離開家上大學的學生面對新環(huán)境可 能遇到的問題和給他們提

33、出的建議。（1）細節(jié)理解題。由原文“Increases/decreases in appetite.”可知，如果一個人想家，就有可能增加或減少食欲，所以C選項“感覺食物或水果失去吸引力”符合題意，而其他選項“想跟別人吵架”、“對學習比以前更感興趣”和“幾乎參加了大學所有的活動”都不符合題意。所以 。C答案選（2）細節(jié)理解題。由原文“Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.”可知，當事情不符合新入學的學生的期望時，他們就會不高興。所以B選項 。B”符合題意。所以答案選“他們對不符合預

34、期的事物感到厭煩（3）推理判斷題。由原文“Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind”可知，要跟留下的人保持聯(lián)系，所以A選項“要一直讓老朋友留下”是不正確的。由原文“Set up a balance between work and leisure.”可知，應該在工作和休閑之前建立一個平衡，所以B選項“提醒他們自己保持忙碌并忘記想家”是不符合題意的。由原文“Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interest

35、s.”可知，可以通過運動或其他興趣來結(jié)識其他朋友，所以C選項“強迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合題意的，而D選項“跟朋友一 。D起運動”是正確的。所以答案選 【點評】推斷題型答題技巧。推理是在既有信息的基礎上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在 字里行間的語氣及觀點。 閱讀理解4 For all the pressures and rewards o

36、f regionalization (地區(qū)化) and globalization, local identities remain the most deeply impressed. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more private local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, mayor of the town of

37、Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world 敢潣敭?琠敨洠牯?楴獥琠敨敲眠汩?敢琠?湯?環(huán)爠潯獴慍摮漠敮?慬摮尮 In most communities, local languages such as Poignants Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of authenticity (原真性).

38、The sum total of a communitys shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a noticeable line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the communitys origins. A concern for authenticity leads most secular (世俗的) Israelis to defend H

39、ebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretat

40、ions that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the hreat that globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems. But locals often resist such explanatio

41、n and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eagerness. As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer tha

42、n one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations. In the Basqu

43、e, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements are fiercely political and frequently involved loyal resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the cre

44、ation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy. In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots, supporters of local languages defend their

45、 continued use on practical grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of ones own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can also use local languages to spre

46、ad information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher

47、yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers of local languages be multi-literate. In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayors word to show that globalization _. 1）（ B. weakens regionalizationA. strengthens local identities

48、 D. weakens local attachmentsC. strengthens individualism The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it _. ）（2 A. weakens the authority of authenticity B. prevents the development of authenticity C. enhances the importance of authenticity D. promotes the maturity of authenticity （3）In te

49、rms of campaigns for language protection, America differs from Spain and Mexico in that _. A. its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the state. B. its locals are not interested in finding native Americans. C. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditions. D. its movements are not politic

50、al. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ）（4 A. Practically, local languages are less used than English. B. Local languages are more important in daily life. C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are. D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win. A

51、）（1【答案】 C）（2 D）（3 A ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，對于區(qū)域化和全球化的所有壓力及其回報來說，本地的認同還是最關鍵的。即使全球化的最終結(jié)果是促使世界變小了，這一能力依然促進了眾多個體最初在本土相連的需求。世界越是變得開放，其本源與本土的連接就會越緊密。 文章列舉了當?shù)匚幕默F(xiàn)狀及各國采取的保護措施。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是為了說明全球化讓世界越變 。越小，但它也促使個體之間更加親密，增加了地方認同。故選A （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“In each case, authenticity amounts to a central

52、 core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the hreat that globalization seems to present to these historical values.”可知， 。全球化對真實性的影響是增強了真實性的重要性。故選C （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“communities in Alaska and the American northwest h

53、ave formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations.”阿拉斯加和美國西北部的社區(qū)已經(jīng)形成了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)討論會來保護語言， 。D而西班牙和墨西哥通過政治活動保護語言。故選 （4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段可知，地方語言的眾多用處，但并沒有明確比較地方 。A語言和英語在實際應用方面孰多孰少。A項表述錯誤。故選 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需 要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，

54、從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解5 Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place. When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner

55、 in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant inancial 湩敤數(shù)摮湥散尮 Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners. I think it depend

56、s a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances. what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize, he said. Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. I took that money and bo