初中語法專項1名詞

1、一、 名詞【教師點撥】名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名、地名、人名、 團體、機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞、集體名詞抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞 考點1：可數(shù)名詞一、基本用法(1)可數(shù)名詞后可以加s或es構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式，用于表達超過“一個”的數(shù)的概念。(2)只與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用的單詞：few(幾乎沒有)，a few(一些), many/a great many(許多)(3)既能與可數(shù)名詞連用也能與不可數(shù)名詞連用的單詞：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of。例如：There is some/a lot of milk in the bottle.There are

2、some/a lot of flowers in the garden.二、 名詞單復數(shù)規(guī)則變化規(guī) 律例 詞 一般在詞尾直接加sbookbooks chairchairs 以s， x，o, sh， ch結(jié)尾的單詞通常在詞尾加esclassclasses boxboxes brushbrushes watchwatches 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的詞，把y改i，再加es 但以元音y結(jié)尾的詞，則直接在詞尾加sfamilyfamilies factoryfactories keykeys monkeymonkeys 以o結(jié)尾的詞，有生命的名詞加es但無生命名詞則直接加s，如：potatopotatoes

3、tomatotomatoes heroheroes radioradios zoozoos 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，改f或fe為v 加esleafleaves thiefthieves三、 名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)律例詞 變中間的元音字母manmen， womanwomen，footfeet， toothteeth， childchildren， mousemice表示“某國人”的名詞單復變化( 記憶口決：中日不變英法變，其余s 加后面。)ChineseChinese JapaneseJapaneseFrenchmanFrenchmenEnglishmanEnglishmenGermanGerman

4、s AmericanAmericans IndianIndians AustralianAustralians 單復數(shù)一樣的名詞Chinese and Japanese 吃 sheep , deer and fish 如：a Chinese - two Chinese , a sheep - many sheep 有的名詞只有復數(shù)形式people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts 有的名詞即可表整體，也可表成員family, class, team, group 由兩個名詞組成的名詞詞組，通常只變后面一個

5、名詞為復數(shù);注意：但如果前面名詞是man或woman時，則兩個名詞都要變成復數(shù)an apple treetwo apple trees a girl studentmany girl students a man teachersome men teachers a woman doctorten women teachers【課堂檢測】( ) 1. When Peter comes， please ask him to leave a .A. notice B. message C. sentence D .information()2 .If you work harder, youll

6、have another to play the violin at a concert.A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem()3.Lily, could you please pass me the？ I want to cut the apple.Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife()4. . Eating more and is good for our health . A. vegetables, tomatoes B. meat, fishC. vegetable,

7、 potatoes D. photos, tomatoes()5.What a good youve given me！ Thanks a lot.My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice考點2：不可數(shù)名詞一、基本用法(1) 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，不能與a/an或具體數(shù)字連用，但特指某物時可以與定冠 詞the連用。(2) 要表示一定的數(shù)量時，常與a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of 等量詞連用，如a cup of tea 一杯茶； two bottles of water兩瓶水 注意：

8、區(qū)別two boxes of chalk與two boxes of apples。(3) 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：a little(一點)，little(幾乎沒有)，much/a great deal of(許 多) (4) ?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有： food， drink (飲料), orange（橙汁）， milk， rice， bread， meat（肉）， chicken （雞肉）， pork（豬肉）， beef（牛肉），work， homework， news（新聞） advice （建議）， information（信息）， weather（天氣）， Chinese（漢語）， kno

9、wledge（知識） 等【課堂檢測】()1. After P.E.， I often feel very thirsty.Why not buy some to drink？ A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas() 2. .I want a sweet milk. Put some in my cup， please. A. ice B. soup C. salt D. sugar()3 . Good morning, madam. Can I help you?Sure, Id like . A. two cups of tea B. thr

10、ee pieces of bread C. one bowl of dumplings D. a kilo of oil() 4. Can I help you ? Yes. I want to get some _ about the trip to America. A. news B. information C. help D. advice () 5. Your mother cooks nice _. I like it very much. A. bread B. beef C. eggs D. dumplings 考點3：名詞所有格在英語中，有生命的名詞及表示時間、距離、國家、

11、城市的名詞，常在詞尾加s 表示所屬關(guān)系，叫做名詞的所有格。翻譯成：“的”。如：Toms bike (湯姆的單車)名詞的所有格例詞、例句 直接在詞尾加s.Kates bag, Childrens Day, Womens Day 以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格，在詞尾加 Teachers Day, students books 表示兩人共同擁有的人或物，在后一個人名后加sLucy and Lilys mother （共同的媽媽） 表示兩人分別擁有的人或物，則兩個人名后都要加sToms and Jims rooms （各自的房間） 表某人的家、店鋪、住宅、公共建筑等地名時，所有格后面的名詞常常省略：at th

12、e doctors（在醫(yī)務(wù)室）； at Toms (在湯姆的家) 表示無生命名詞的所有格，用of 表達the door of the room， the color of the clothes 雙重所有格：用s所有格/ 與 of 所有格相結(jié)合。A friend of my fathers a book of mine注意：但是有些表示時間、距離、重量、價值、國家和城市等無生命的名詞，也可加s構(gòu)成所有格： 如： todays newspaper今天的報紙 eight days holiday an 8-day holiday八天的假期 five minutes walk a five-minu

13、te walk 五分鐘的步行路程 【課堂檢測】()1.How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？It is a flight from Tianjin to Changsha.A. 2-hour-long B.2-hours-long C.2 hours long D.2 hour long()2.Is the schoolbag under the desk yours？No, its my . He left it there just now. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers D. brothers()3. Mr.

14、 Black is a teacher of. She and her classmates like him very much.A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters()4. well have_ holiday. What about going to Shaoshan? Good idea！A. 3 days B. 3 days C. a 3-days D. 3-day ()5. 1A friend of my _ and I are going to visit_ next week. A. father; Bro

15、wns B. fathers; the Browns C. father; the Browns D. fathers; Browns【易混詞辨析】(1) sound，voice，noise sound “聲音”，指耳朵能聽到的各種聲音。I heard the sound of the bell. voice “聲音”，主要指人的聲音。She has a beautiful voice. noise 指“噪音”。詞組有：make a noise等。練習：1.The made me feel annoyed. I want to be in a quiet place.2.The teacher

16、 said in a loud，“Please keep silent.”3.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the of the running water.(2) job， work job “工作”，是可數(shù)名詞。work “工作”，可以作名詞或動詞；作名詞表示“工作”時是不可數(shù)的；作名詞表示“著作”時是可數(shù)的。練習：1.He has lost three ， because he doesnt hard.2.Do you want to late？ We will have a for you as a waiter.

17、 (3) a number of， the number of a number of 表示“大量的；許多”，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：A number of persons are playing chess. the number of 表示“的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The number of people in the room is 50.練習：1.of foreign students are studying in this college.2. of American students is over 30.(4) idea， advice idea 表示“主意”，是可數(shù)名詞。

18、如：a good idea 一個好主意 advice表示“建議；忠告”，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：a piece of advice 練習：1. Can you give me some on how to learn English well？2. He has got a good to deal with his old books.(5) news， information， message， instruction news 表示“新聞；消息”，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：two pieces of news information 表示“信息；資料”， 側(cè)重信息的價值，是不可數(shù)名詞。如： some

19、information message 表示“消息；音信”，側(cè)重信息的簡短，是可數(shù)名詞。 常用詞組：leave a message(留言)； give a message to(捎口信給) instruction 表示“說明；須知；教導”， 是可數(shù)名詞。如：some instructions練習：1.What bad ！ The school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting.2.I dont know how to use this machine. It doesnt matter. Here is the.3.Would

20、 you please give a to Li Lei？ He is not at school.4.Can you provide me with some about the trip？(6) house， family， home house 表示“住宅”，指的是具體的房子或建筑物。 family 表示“家；家庭”，也可指全體家庭成員。 home 意為“家”，帶有眷戀等感情色彩。練習：1.I bought a new in Zhongshan.2.Tom has a big . There are six people in his .3.She has been in Shenzhe

21、n for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second .(7) 部分單詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時的含義不同： room 房間(可數(shù))；空間(不可數(shù))。 glass玻璃杯(可數(shù))；玻璃(不可數(shù))。 orange橙子(可數(shù))；橙汁(不可數(shù))。 chicken小雞(可數(shù))；雞肉(不可數(shù))。 time 次數(shù)(可數(shù))； 時間(不可數(shù))。 練習：1.Oh！ There isnt enough for us in the bus.No hurry. Lets wait for the next.(room)2. Mother wants to buy a piano

22、in my ， but there is little in it. (room)3.How many have you been to Shanghai？ Never. I have no .(time)4.These are made of .(glass)5.There are some and two bottles of on the desk.(orange)【課堂檢測】( )1. Listen . Can you hear anything ? Yes, Thats the _ of the running water A. sound B. voice C. noise D.

23、shout( )2. There are _ foreign students in the university. _ if it is 200 A. the number of ; a number of B. a number of ; the number of C. a number of ; a number of D. the number of ; the number of ( )3. I found a new_ in this city. Im very busy and have a lot of _ to do every day. A. job, works B.

24、work , job C. work , jobs D. job , work( )4. I dont know how to study English. Can you give me some _? My _ are speaking more and listening more. A. ideas; advices B. advices, suggestions C. advice; suggestions D. ideas ; suggestion( )5. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her

25、 second . A. home B. family C. house D. room( )6. I like eating _, so my mother keeps some _every day. A. chickens; chicken B. chicken; chickens C. chickens ; chickens D. chicken ; chicken【中考回放】（ ）1. The broken _may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glassB. glassesC. cand

26、leD. candles（ ）2. Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _ in American _. A. symbol; culture B. symbol ; cultures C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures （ ）3. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day. A. WomanB. Women C. Womans D. Womens（ ）4. Mum， Ive heard that we

27、 cant eat these days. Is it true？ Take it easy. Its safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken（ ）5.The students of Grade Seven visited Mikes farm and saw many there.A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit【真題演練】 ( )1.Why do people never cut up the _ on their birthdays? Bec

28、ause they are a symbol of long life. A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings( )2. Great _ for football lovers-more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. A. news B. message C. situation D. information( )3. Are you sure this is a photo _, the famous comedy actres

29、s? It surprised you, didnt it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Lings C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Lings( )4. What would you like to eat? Some _, please. A. bread B. cake C. coffee D. tea( )5. Are you going out with Jade tonight? Thats my . Mind your own! A. offer B. business C. question

30、 D. chance( )6. How far is your home from school ? About _ walk. A. five minutes B. five minutes C. five minutes D. five-minute ( )7. All the _enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. A. men workers B. women workers C. woman workers D. man workers ( )8. Lily often helps her

31、mother do some cooking in the _. A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedroom( )9. Some old people need a _ because they feel lonely. A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch( )10. Yan Jiashuo, a _ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. Wow, shes great, isnt she? A. ten-year-oldB. ten-yea

32、rs-oldC. ten year oldD. ten years old( )11. Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. Yes, its an important way of _ for them. A. suggestionB. vacationC. questionD. communication( )12. He was born in Germany, but he has made China his _. A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home( )13. Nancy to

33、ok her temperature and found she had a _. *XA. coughB. toothacheC. cold D. fever( )14. A smart phone makes a big _ to our life. A. difference B. decision C. progress D. mistake( )15. Steve Jobs was full of always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society .A. instruction B. invit

34、ation C. informations D. invention( )16. Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River. A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights( )17. Its sports time. Most _ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boyB. boys C. boysD. boys(

35、 )18. Its hot today. Have some _, please. No, thanks. Im not thirsty at all. A. waterB. potatoesC. breadD. cakes( )19. Tu Youyou reserved the Nobel Prize for her _of anemisinin(青蒿素).And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery( )20. How far is it from Beijing to Haikou? Its a_ flight from Beijing to Haikou. A. 3-hour-long B. 3 hours long C. 3 hours long D. 3-hours-long( )21. How can I get some _ about the 2016 Olympic Games? Why not search the In