專四英語語法考點(diǎn)串講及真題

1、語法回顧篇：專四語法考點(diǎn)虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、倒裝、小語法（省略，時(shí)態(tài)，反義疑問句，代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，主謂一致，冠詞，形容詞及副詞）、as的特殊用法。 專四英語語法考點(diǎn)串講之一 虛擬語氣一般說來，有下列幾種考點(diǎn)需要考生注意(十考點(diǎn)及兩備考點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞用did(be用were)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞would(should,could,might)+do；考點(diǎn)2. 與過去事實(shí)相反從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had done，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用 would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.i _the party much more if

2、there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.a. would enjoy b. will have enjoyedc. would have enjoyed d. will be enjoying49.all of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. a. werent b. hasnt been c. hadnt been d. wouldnt考點(diǎn)3.與將來事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用：did(s

3、hould+do或were + to do)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用：would(should,could,might)+do。例如： 43. if your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年） a. shall need c. would need b. should need d. will need考點(diǎn)4. 時(shí)態(tài)的交叉現(xiàn)象，也就是主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間段例如：if you had gone to see the doctor，you would be

4、all right now.你要是早去看病,你現(xiàn)在就沒事了。考點(diǎn)5.虛擬條件句if可以省略，但從句的語序要用到裝，即將were,had或 should移至主語的前面形成倒裝，但否定詞not不前移。 例如：65._, he would not have recovered so quickly.（05年） a.hadnt he been taken good care of b.had he not been taken good care of c.had not he been taken good care of d.had he been not taken good care of考點(diǎn)

5、6. insist(一個(gè)堅(jiān)持）；order command(兩道命令）；suggest， advise, propose（三條建議）；ask, require, request, demand(四點(diǎn)要求） 及相應(yīng)的名詞的從句，謂語要使用：should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形例如：58. it was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.(04年) a. not b. need not c. could not d. would not 考點(diǎn)7.it is +advisable, essential important, imp

6、erative, incredible,等等相關(guān)的從句，謂語要使用：should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形例如：46.it is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.（04年） a. hand in b. would hand in c. have to hand in d. handed in 考點(diǎn)8.it is high(about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式例如:54 its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.（06年）a stopped b had

7、 to stop c shall stop d stop 考點(diǎn)9.much as盡管，雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)，可以是說話人的語氣變得十分委婉，真誠。例如：52. much as _, i couldnt lend him the money because i simply didnt have that much spare cash.（99年）a.i would have liked to b.i would like to have c.i should have to like d.i should have liked to考點(diǎn)10.

8、if only表示要是就好了相當(dāng) 與wish, as if/as though 的用法。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動(dòng)詞過去式與過去事實(shí)相反: had + done與將來事實(shí)相反： could/would + do 例如：52. if only i _play the guitar as well as you! （06 年） a would b could c should d might備考1. would rather或would sooner后跟賓語從句，從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的虛擬，表示“寧愿某人作某事”例如： the manager would rather hi

9、s daughter _ in the same office now. a.had not worked b.not to work c.does not work d.did not work 備考2.用于lest,for fear that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。在lest, for fear that等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，通常用(should +)原形動(dòng)詞這一虛擬語氣形式 例如：the mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. a.injure b.had injured c.injured d.would injure

10、 專四語法考點(diǎn)串講之二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考試中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞部分重點(diǎn)測試以下內(nèi)容：（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成式 （2）某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。其否定形式為：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。例如：since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推測過去某動(dòng)作“很可能”發(fā)生了3. may / might have v-ed 表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)

11、生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。 4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該”和“本不應(yīng)該”表示應(yīng)完成而未完成的動(dòng)作用于完成時(shí)中的否定句，表示不應(yīng)完成但已做的動(dòng)作5.neednt have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意為“本沒必要”。例如：you neednt have waken me up; i dont have to go to work today.注意：did not need to d

12、o 動(dòng)作并沒發(fā)生 例：i didnt need to get up early,so i got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) cant表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustnt(must not) 表示“不許可 禁止”，neednt (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not 動(dòng)詞原形 表示“不敢” (2) must表推測 的否定現(xiàn)在式用cant ,過去式用couldnt(3)may i / we ？這一類疑問句的肯定回答為yes, please.或certainly；否定回答為please dont.或no, you mustnt. 例如：

13、“may we leave now?” “no, you mustnt. you havent finished your home work yet.” (4) need i / we ？這一類疑問句的肯定回答為yes, we must; 否定回答為neednt (5)在回答must引起的問題時(shí)，如果是否定的答復(fù)，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to(6)may/might as well maybut.(表轉(zhuǎn)折)(7) i wish to go home with you, may i?(8) do help yourself to have fruit, wo

14、nt you/ will you? （表示一種委婉的請(qǐng)求）*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語的使用would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 從句would prefer to do.had better do.*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: will（愿意）, shall（將）, must（必須）, can, may, would, should(應(yīng)該), might, could, ought to, used to（過去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行為）動(dòng)詞*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用法的否定：mustnt 不

15、準(zhǔn), 禁止，不要 cant(couldnt) 不會(huì)；不能；may (might) not 不可以; neednt 沒必要 ( = dont have to )used notusednt to或didnt use to 過去不dare not 不敢*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測用法must 一定，肯定 cant (couldnt) 不可能can/ could 可能 cant (couldnt) 不可能may/ might “可能，也許” may (might) not 也許不，可能不*推斷用法shouldought to“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該是； shouldnt 不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to ) *情

16、態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的推測1. must have done：對(duì)過去的肯定推測，譯作“一定做了”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為cantcouldnt have done it must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy2. can/ could have done：對(duì)過去的可能性推測，譯作“可能做了”。只能用疑問句中cancould he have said it? 他可能說過那種話嗎？3. may / might have v-ed：對(duì)過去的可能性推測，譯作“也許能，有可能。 its too la

17、te. i think he may have gone to bed.*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示輕微的責(zé)備和后悔肯定：過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做；否定：過去不該（不必）做而做了。 mightcouldhave過去分詞：“本來可以，早就應(yīng)該”（只用于肯定句，且不能用may, can）you could have told me you were going to be late!.你應(yīng)當(dāng)早告訴我你會(huì)晚到的！ should（ought to）have過去分詞：“本應(yīng)”（沒做）should not（ought not to）have過去分詞：“本不該”（做了）you should not have

18、 handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不應(yīng)把作文交了。you should have been here earlier.你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)來才對(duì)。3. neednthave過去分詞：“本不必，本不須”（need只用于否定句）（做了） you neednt have woken her up. its only six你其實(shí)不必叫醒她。現(xiàn)在才六點(diǎn)。注意：did not need to do 動(dòng)作并沒發(fā)生（沒做） 例：i didnt need to get up early, so i got up until 9 a.m.*八大注意點(diǎn)1.在以c

19、ould, might 表示征詢對(duì)方意見或表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用can, may might i watch tv after supper? yes, you _. a. may b. must c. might d. can2. may i / we ？這一類疑問句的肯定回答為yes, please.或certainly；否定回答為please dont.或no, you mustnt. 例如：“may we leave now?” “no, you mustnt. you havent finished your home work yet.” 3. need i / we ？這一類

20、疑問句的肯定回答為yes, we must; 否定回答為neednt 4. 在回答must引起的問題時(shí)，肯定must; 如果是否定的答復(fù)，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to5. i wish to go home with you, may i?6. do help yourself to have fruit, wont you/ will you? （表示一種委婉的請(qǐng)求）7.shall 用于第三人稱，表示許可，允許8. lets do this job, shall we? let us do this job, will you?9. should 也表示驚

21、訝的語氣，例如：i was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然對(duì)你說那樣的話,) *四大特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1.may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于had betteryou may as well do it at once. 2.may well + 動(dòng)詞原形”是一種常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“（完全）能，很可能” he may well be proud of his son. 他大可為兒子高興。 3. cannot too / enough 表示 “無論怎么也不算過分”、“越

22、越好”you cannot be too careful.4. had better 最好you had better not wake me up when you come in.*兩大類區(qū)別：一、表示能力: can, be able to be able to 能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 can / could 只能表示現(xiàn)在或過去的能力*was / were able to : “設(shè)法做成某事” 相當(dāng)于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth.二、used to 和would 的區(qū)別used to過去常常（但現(xiàn)在已無此習(xí)慣，would無此含義）he use

23、d to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他過去喝啤酒，現(xiàn)在喝白酒。would只能用來談動(dòng)作；used to用來談動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（可與be, live, like, stay等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用）：he would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)總是早起。we used to live in a small town.（不能用would）be used to doing sth: 習(xí)慣于做某事專四語法考點(diǎn)串講之三 非謂語動(dòng)詞 非謂語動(dòng)詞是歷年專四測試的重中之重，每年試題一般一到兩道（1-2分）。 命題特點(diǎn)1.

24、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)； 2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式；3. 動(dòng)詞不定式的各種形式及應(yīng)用；4. -ing結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式及應(yīng)用； 5. -ed結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的不同用法；6.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語、賓語等的辨析；7.非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)或習(xí)慣用法等。 【非謂語動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 】一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在謂語動(dòng)詞,又沒有連詞的情況下， 需要非謂語動(dòng)詞來修飾句子的其他成分。 動(dòng)詞不定式; 現(xiàn)在分詞; 過去分詞; 動(dòng)名詞 i不定式的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)一般式 to do to be done 與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或進(jìn)行式 to be doing 表示謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成式 to have done to have

25、been done 先于謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)生用途： 表將來 表某一次具體的動(dòng)作 表目的 i have a lot work to do; i do not like to dance; to learn english well, i practice more.2. 動(dòng)名詞 一般式 doing being done 與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式 having done having been done 在謂語動(dòng)作之前用途： 抽象、習(xí)慣性（ his hobby is painting; i am proud of being a chinese）3.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般式 doing bei

26、ng done 完成式 having done having been done過去分詞 done用途： 現(xiàn)在分詞： 主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行、令人的 過去分詞： 被動(dòng)、完成、 感到的the swimming boy is tom. (主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）the room facing south（主動(dòng)）the film is disappointing. tom is disappointed（令人的)/(感到) look at the broken glass.(被動(dòng)、完成) 注意* 所有非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式都是把否定副詞not放在非謂語動(dòng)詞的_前面_*如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)詞的完

27、成時(shí)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)一 不定式做結(jié)果狀語的固定搭配too +adj/adv to do， so +adj/adv as to do ， such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果。 考點(diǎn)二“使怎么樣”之類的動(dòng)詞amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax, satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify, worry，它們

28、的ing形式表示主動(dòng)，而過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。一般情況下“人”用過去分詞，“物”用ing形式。 *考點(diǎn)三 除。.之外的介詞but except,前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶to,否則帶to.*考點(diǎn)四 why not do sth (為何不做某事) 固定搭配cannot / hardly / never / scarcely too to “越越好；無論也/都不過分”。 you cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你過街時(shí)越小心越好。 cant (help/choose) but 不得不,只能,不禁 i cannot help but tell

29、her the truth. 我只能告訴她真相。 *解題思路：看似紛繁復(fù)雜的各種非謂語動(dòng)詞考題實(shí)際上是有解題規(guī)律可尋的, 非謂語動(dòng)詞解題四步曲：一、首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句 沒有連接詞 只有一個(gè)主語二、分析主動(dòng)被動(dòng)分析語態(tài)就是在確定主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。三、分析動(dòng)作先后 要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后，即時(shí)態(tài)。獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格: 句中沒有連接詞，逗號(hào)分開兩個(gè)句子，存在兩個(gè)主語 形式：名詞/代詞分詞在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí), 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致, 但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:獨(dú)立主格的分類：(1) -ing分詞(還有

30、-ed分詞)短語作狀語時(shí)，有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的“主語”。相當(dāng)于各種形式的狀語，表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況,或表原因there being nothing more for discussion,the meeting was over half an hour earlier. (2).介詞（ with）+名詞+形容詞，副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，表示陪村行動(dòng)做或補(bǔ)充說明例如：he lay on his back, with his arm behind his head（3）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況, 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等, 例如： he rushed into the room, hi

31、s face covered with sweat. (伴隨情況) the shower being over, we continued to march. (時(shí)間) so many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. (條件) all things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. the job done, we went ho

32、me. the composition written, he handed it to the teacher.專四語法考點(diǎn)串講之三不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語（非謂語補(bǔ)充）*常跟不定式做賓語的詞三個(gè)w、h、c ，二a領(lǐng)著四d 、p, 一r 、m，二l、b, 外加三個(gè)o, u, e。3 w: want(想要), wish(希望), wait(等待)3h: hope(希望), help(幫忙), hesitate(猶豫)3c: care(愿意), choose(選擇), claim(聲稱)2a：agree(同意), afford(擔(dān)負(fù)得起), 4d: dare(敢于), demand(要求), det

33、ermine(決定), decide(決定) 4p: plan(計(jì)劃), pretend(假裝), promise(允諾), prepare(準(zhǔn)備) 1r: refuse(拒絕)1m: manage (設(shè)法)2l: learn(學(xué)會(huì)), long(渴望) 2b: beg(乞求), bear(忍受)1o: offer(提出)1u: undertake(答應(yīng)；同意) 1e：expect(希望) *接不帶to的不定式的特殊動(dòng)詞一感：feel二聽：listen to; hear三讓：make, have, let四看：watch, see, look at, observe被動(dòng)句里to還原。*接不定式

34、作賓語，動(dòng)名詞作賓語均可，且意思基本不變的詞雙方一旦開始(begin, start),無論喜歡(love, like, prefer )與否(hate, dislike)，都得繼續(xù)(continue)下去。都不能企圖（attempt）忽視（neglect）開始的愛（love）。習(xí)慣也好，害怕也好，難以容忍( cant bear/ stand/ endure)也好。 *可以動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語，意思卻不同的詞四“記”力爭不后悔四“記”(記住)remember,(忘記)forget, (計(jì)劃/打算)mean, (繼續(xù))go on, 力爭：try不后悔: stop regretremem

35、ber to do sth. 記得要做某事 remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事forget to do sth 忘了要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘了做過某事；mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著，就是go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事try to do sth 試圖做某事， try doing sth. 嘗試做某事stop to do sth 停下來做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。regret to do sth 對(duì)要發(fā)生的事表示“遺憾”，regret

36、 doing sth.對(duì)發(fā)生過的事表示“后悔”。*常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的詞mp2r caf disk （military policeman）憲兵帶著2把手槍在咖啡館里看光盤 m指mind(介意), miss(逃過), mention(提及)p指prevent, postpone, practice2r指risk(冒險(xiǎn)), resist(抵制)c指consider(考慮）a指admit(承認(rèn)), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), f指 fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜歡)e指enjoy(享受), escape(逃脫), ensure(確保) d

37、指delay(延遲), deny(否認(rèn)), detest(痛恨) i指imagine(想象)s指suggest(建議) k指keep(保持)*介詞后的inghave difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困難be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事succeed in doing sth 成功做某事give up doing sth 放棄做某事prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花錢、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢how /what about doing

38、 sth 做怎么樣了？have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困難there is no sense in doing (做是沒有理由的thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、懲罰某人*to是介詞，不是不定式標(biāo)志，接動(dòng)名詞做介詞to 的賓語 apply oneself to 致力于 be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于 confess to 供認(rèn) come to 談到 devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于 get down

39、to 著手做 give way to 對(duì)讓步 lead to 導(dǎo)致 look forward to 期待next to 幾乎12. object to 反對(duì)13. pay attention to 注意14. stick to 堅(jiān)持15. stand up to 勇敢面對(duì)16. turn to 求助于17. be used to 習(xí)慣于*用于“be+過去分詞+to”結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常見的有：accustomed/used（習(xí)慣）addicted（沉溺于）astonished（驚訝）devoted（致力于）determined（決定）engaged（訂婚）exposed（遭受）known（已知）

40、married（結(jié)婚）opposed（反對(duì)）prepared（準(zhǔn)備）related（相關(guān)）*用于“be+過去分詞+with”結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常見的有：armed（配備）connected（相關(guān)）covered（覆蓋）crowded（擠滿）faced（面對(duì)）fedup（厭煩）filled（充滿）pleased（高興）satisfied（滿意）tired（勞累）*用于“be+過去分詞+in”結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常見的有：absorbed（全神貫注）engaged（從事）involved（參與）lost（陷入）seated（坐在）situated/located（位于*用于“be+過去分詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)中

41、的過去分詞 常見的有：convinced（相信）informed（了解）tired（厭煩）*幾組易錯(cuò)的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞lie vi. lay lain lying 躺 lie v. lied lied lying 撒謊 lay vi. laid laid laying 放；下蛋 found vt. founded founded 成立find vt. found found 發(fā)現(xiàn)wind wound wound 盤旋 蜿蜒wound wounded wounded 受傷rise vi rose risen 上升raise vt. raised raised 上升fall vi. fell f

42、allen 落下fell vt. felled felled 砍feel vt. felt felt 摸；感覺 hang vi hung hung 懸掛hang vt. hanged hanged 絞死light vt. lit （一般作謂語）light lighted （作定語） 燃著的 burn vt. /vi burnt 燒焦的， burning 正在燃燒的 專四語法考點(diǎn)串講之四 復(fù)合句一、 定語從句五大概念：概念一、什么是定語從句？在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。在定語從句中，被修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。在定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞又分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副

43、詞。概念二、關(guān)系詞有哪些？1、關(guān)系代詞：which（指sth 作主語或賓語），that（指sb或sth 作主語或賓語），who（指sb作主語或賓語），whom（指sb作賓語），whose（指sb或sth，作定語）,as（指sb,sth 作主語或賓語）; 注意: 做賓語的時(shí)候， 關(guān)系代詞可以省略。2、關(guān)系副詞：when（指時(shí)間 on which），where（指地點(diǎn) at which），why（指原因 for which）概念三、關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用？1.引導(dǎo)定語從句； 2.代替先行詞； 3.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 eg. the man who is shaking hands wit

44、h my father is a policeman.概念四、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有何區(qū)別及方法？主要是它們在從句中所起的作用不同。關(guān)系代詞在從句中一般作主語或賓語。而關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。focus in：v 方法一：句子成份法：關(guān)系代詞在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。v 方法二：句子完整法：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句不完整；關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句是完整的。i will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. i will never forget the days that / which we s

45、pent together. 概念五、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別a. 限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。b.非限制性定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。在非限制性定語從句中，通常用who, whom, whose 指人，用 which 指物。eg. her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué).

46、（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）五大考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一. 先行詞為人時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞who和that a. 用who不用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時(shí)。he who does not reach the great wall is not a true man.those who have any difficulty wit

47、h pronunciation should practice more.b. 用that不用who的情況：1)當(dāng)主句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)who時(shí)。2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。 who is the man that spoke to you just now? mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.考點(diǎn)二. 先行詞為物時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that和which a.只用that不用which 的情況：(1)先行詞為much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代詞 （2）先行詞既有人又有物。（3

48、）先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。（4）先行詞被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修飾（5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(6) 在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中(7) 主句是there be句型：this is one of the best films that i have ever seen.china is no longer the country that it used to be.all that can be done has been done.he spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.this is the very book that i am looking for.who is the man that is talking to jim?there is a man that lives in that villa