經(jīng)濟金融術語漢英對照表

1、經(jīng)濟金融術語漢英對照表A安全網(wǎng)safety net按可比口徑on comparable basis按輕重緩急to prioritize暗補implicit subsidy暗虧hidden lossB頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照to license;to grant a licence to辦理存款業(yè)務to take deposits保 護 農 民 的 生 產(chǎn) 積 極 性toprotectfarmersincentive to produce備付金（超額準備金）excess reserves本 外 幣 并 賬consolidationofdomesticandforeign currencyaccounts本外

2、幣對沖操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避稅（請見 “逃稅 ”） tax avoidance幣種搭配不當currency mismatch幣種構成currency composition變相社會集資disguised irregular（ or illegal ）fund raising表 外 科 目 （ 業(yè) 務 ）off-balance-sheetitems（ operation ）薄弱環(huán)節(jié)w

3、eaknesses;loopholes不變成本fixed cost不變價at constant price;in real terms不動產(chǎn)real estate不 良 貸 款 （ 資 產(chǎn) ）problemloans ；non-performing loans（ assets ）C財務公司finance companies財政赤字fiscal deficit財政擠銀行fiscal pressure on the central bank（ over monetary policy）財政政策與貨幣政策的配合coordinationoffiscal and monetary policies采 取

4、 循 序 漸 進 的 方 法inaphasedandsequenced manner操作彈性operational flexibility操縱匯率to manipulate exchange rate產(chǎn)品構成 product composition;product mix 產(chǎn)品積壓 stock pile;excessive inventory產(chǎn)銷率 current period inventory; （即期庫存，不含前期庫存） sales/output ratio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability產(chǎn)業(yè)政策industrial policy長期國債treasury bonds敞口頭寸 ope

5、n position炒股 to speculate in the stock market承購包銷underwrite （ securities ）成套機電產(chǎn)品completesetsofequipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives （ UCCs）城市合作銀行urbancooperativebanks;municipal united banks城市商業(yè)銀行 municipal commercial banks城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價漲幅real growthin household income持續(xù)升溫 persisten

6、t overheating重復布點 duplicate projects重置成本 replacement cost重組計劃 restructuring plan籌資渠道funding sources;financing channels初見成效initial success出 口 統(tǒng) 一 管 理 、 歸 口 經(jīng) 營 canalizationofexports出口退稅export tax rebate儲蓄存款household deposits （不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits ，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）儲蓄分流diversion of household deposi

7、ts儲 源 萎 縮declineintheavailabilityofhousehold savings傳導機制 transmission mechanism 從價稅 ad valorem tax 從緊控制 tight control存貸款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保險體系 deposit insurance system 存款貨幣銀行 deposit money banks 存款準備金 required reservesD打白條issue IOU大額存單certificate of deposit（ CD）大額提現(xiàn)withdraw deposits in large amo

8、unts大面積滑坡wide-spread decline大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制（ all-in-one ） mono-banksystem呆賬（請見 “壞賬 ”） bad loans呆賬準備金loan loss reserves （ provisions ）呆滯貸款idle loans貸款沉淀non-performing loans貸款分類loan classification貸款限額管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling貸款約束機制credit disciplinary（ constraint ）mechanism代理國庫to act as fiscal age

9、nt代理金融機構貸款makeloanson behalfofother institutions戴帽貸款ear-marked loans倒 逼 機 制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德風險moral hazard地區(qū)差別regional disparity第一產(chǎn)業(yè)the primary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè)the secondary industry第 三 產(chǎn) 業(yè)theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry遞延資產(chǎn)deferrable assets訂貨不

10、足insufficient orders定期存款time deposits定向募集raising funds from targeted sources東道國（請見 “母國 ”） host country獨立核算independent accounting短期國債treasury bills對沖操作sterilization operation;hedging對 非金 融 部 門 債 權claimsonnon-financialsector多種所有制形式diversified ownershipE惡性通貨膨脹hyperinflation二級市場secondary marketF發(fā)行貨幣to i

11、ssue currency發(fā)行總股本total stock issue法 定 準 備 金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutional shares法人股東institutional shareholders法治rule of law房地產(chǎn)投資real estate investment放松銀根to ease monetary policy非 現(xiàn) 場 稽 核off-sitesurveillance（ ormonitoring ）非 銀 行 金 融 機 構non-bankfinancialinstitutions非贏利性機構non-prof

12、it organizations分 稅 制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分 業(yè) 經(jīng) 營segregationoffinancialbusiness（ services ） ;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions風險暴露（風險敞口）risk exposure風險管理risk management風險意識risk awareness風險資本比例risk-weighted capital ratios公有制p

13、ublic ownership風險資本標準risk-based capital standard工業(yè)成本利潤率profit-to-cost ratio服務事業(yè)收入publicservicecharges;users工業(yè)增加值industrial value addedcharges扶貧poverty alleviation負增長negative growth復 式 預 算 制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革試點reform experimentation供大于求supply exceeding de

14、mand;excessivesupply鼓勵措施incentives股 份 合 作 企 業(yè)joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企業(yè)joint-equity enterprises股份制銀行joint-equity banks杠桿率leverage ratio固定資產(chǎn)貸款fixed asset loans杠桿收購leveraged buyout關稅減免tariff reduction and exemption高 息 集 資 toraise fundsby offeringhigh關稅減讓 tariff concessionsinterest關 稅 優(yōu) 惠

15、tariff incentives;preferentialtariff個人股 non-institutional sharestreatment根本扭轉fundamentalturnaround（ or規(guī) 范 行為toregularize（ orreversal ）standardize） behavior公開市場操作open market operations規(guī)模效益 economies of scale公 款 私 存 deposit publicfunds in personal國計民生nationalinterestandpeoplesaccountslivelihood公用事業(yè) pu

16、blic utilities國家對個人其他支出othergovernment公有經(jīng)濟 thestate-ownedsector;thepublicoutlays to individualssector國家風險 country risk國際分工international division of labor國際收支balance of payments國 有 獨 資 商 業(yè) 銀 行whollystate-ownedcommercial banks國有經(jīng)濟 （部門）the state-owned （ or public ）sector國有企業(yè)state-owned enterprises（ SOE

17、s）國有制state-ownership國有資產(chǎn)流失erosion of state assets國債回購government securities repurchase國 債 一 級 自 營 商primaryunderwritersofgovernment securities過度競爭excessive competition過度膨脹excessive expansion過熱跡象signs of overheatingH合理預期rational expectation核心資本core capital合資企業(yè)joint-venture enterprises紅利dividend宏 觀 經(jīng) 濟

18、運 營 良 好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏觀 經(jīng)濟 基 本狀況macroeconomicfundamentals宏觀調控macroeconomicmanagement（ oradjustment ）宏觀調控目標macroeconomicobjectives （ ortargets ）壞賬bad debt還本付息debt service換匯成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostof export earnings匯兌在途funds in float匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the be

19、neficiarys bank匯率并軌unification of exchange rates活期存款demand deposits匯率失調exchange rate misalignment混合所有制diversified （ mixed ）ownership貨幣政策態(tài)勢monetary policy stance貨款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建設投資investment in infrastructure基本經(jīng)濟要素economic fundamentals基本適度broadly appropriate基準利率benchmark inter

20、est rate機 關 團 體 存 款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions機會成本 opportunity cost激勵機制incentive mechanism積壓嚴重heavy stockpile;excessive inventory擠提存款 run on banks擠占挪用unwarranted diversion of（ financial ）resources （ from designated uses）技 改 投 資investment intechnologicalupgrading技術密集型產(chǎn)品technology-intensive produ

21、ct計劃單列市municipalitieswithindependentplanning status計劃經(jīng)濟planned economy集體經(jīng)濟the collective sector加 大 結 構 調 整 力 度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工貿易processing trade加快態(tài)勢accelerating trend加 強 稅 收 征 管 稽 查toenhancetaxadministration加權價weighted average price價格放開price liberalization價格形成機制pricing mechanism減虧to

22、 reduce losses簡 化 手 續(xù)tocutredtape;tosimplify（ streamline ） procedures交投活躍brisk trading繳存準備金to deposit required reserves結構扭曲structural distortion結構失調structural imbalance結構性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance結構優(yōu)化structuralimprovement（ optimization ）結 匯 、 售 匯saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financial fra

23、gility金融動蕩financial turbulence金融風波financial disturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危機financial crisis金融壓抑financial repression金融衍生物financial derivatives金融詐騙financial fraud可變成本variable cost緊縮銀根to tighten monetary policy可自由兌換貨幣freely convertible currency緊 縮 政 策austeritypolicies;tightfinancial控制現(xiàn)金投放control cur

24、rency issuancepolicies經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換current account convertibility經(jīng)濟特區(qū)special economic zones（ SEZs）經(jīng)濟體制改革economic reform經(jīng) 濟 增 長 方 式 的 轉 變changeinthemainsource of economic growth（ from investmentexpansion to efficiency gains）扣除物價因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjusted basis庫存產(chǎn)品inventory跨國銀行業(yè)務cross-border banking

25、跨年度采購cross-year procurement會計準則accounting standard經(jīng)濟增長減速economicslowdown;moderation in economic growth經(jīng)濟制裁economic sanction經(jīng)營自主權autonomy in management景氣回升recovery in business activity境外投資overseas investment競爭加劇intensifying competition局部性金融風波localized （ isolated ） financialdisturbanceK開辦人民幣業(yè)務to engag

26、e in RMB business可 維 持 （ 可 持 續(xù) ） 經(jīng) 濟 增 長sustainableeconomic growthL來料加工processing of imported materials forexport離岸銀行業(yè)務off-shore banking（business ）理 順 外 貿 體 制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠桿的調節(jié)作用the role of interest ratesin resource allocation利潤驅動profit-driven利息回收率interest collection ratio聯(lián)行清算int

27、er-bank settlement連 鎖 企 業(yè)franchise （ businesses ） ;chainbusinesses良性循環(huán)virtuous cycle兩極分化growingincomedisparity;polarization in income distribution零售物價指數(shù)retail price index（ RPI ）流動性比例liquidity ratio流動資產(chǎn)周轉率/ 流通速度velocityof liquidassets流動資金貸款working capital loans流通體制distribution system流通網(wǎng)絡distribution

28、network留購（租賃期滿時承租人可購買租賃物）hirepurchase壟斷行業(yè)monopolized industry（sector ）亂集資irregular （ illegal ） fund raising亂收費irregular （ illegal ） charges亂攤派unjustified （ arbitrary ） leviesM買方市場buyers market賣方市場sellers market賣出回購證券matched sale of repo貿易差額trade balance民間信用non-institutionalized credit免二減三 exemption

29、of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明補explicit subsidy明虧explicit loss名牌產(chǎn)品brand products母國（請見 “東道國 ”） home countryN內部控制internal control內部審計internal audit內地與香港the mainland and Hong Kong內債domestic debt扭虧為盈 to turn a loss-making enterpr

30、ise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配distortedallocationof financialresources農 副 產(chǎn) 品 采 購 支 出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement農村信用社rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效應bubble effect泡沫經(jīng)濟bubble economy培育新的經(jīng)濟增長點to tapnewsourcesofeconomic growth片面追求發(fā)展速度excessive pursuit of growth平衡發(fā)展balanced development瓶頸制約bott

31、leneck （ constraints ）平穩(wěn)回升steady recovery鋪底流動資金initial（ start-up ）working capital普遍回升broad-based recovery配套改革concomitant （ supporting ） reforms配套人民幣資金local currency funding ofQ企業(yè)辦社會enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企業(yè)集團戰(zhàn)略corporate group strategy企 業(yè) 兼 并 重 組companymergerandrestructuring企業(yè)領導

32、班子enterprise management企業(yè)所得稅enterprise （corporate ）income tax企業(yè)效益corporate profitability企 業(yè) 資 金 違 規(guī) 流 入 股 市irregularflowofenterprise funds into the stock market欠稅tax arrears欠息overdue interest強化稅收征管tostrengthentaxadministration強制措施enforcement action翹尾因素carryover effect切一刀partial application清理收回貸款clea

33、n up and recover loans（破產(chǎn)）清算liquidation傾斜政策preferential policy區(qū)別對待differential treatment趨勢加強intensifying trend全球化globalization權益回報率returns on equity（ ROE）缺乏后勁unsustainable momentumR繞規(guī)模貸款to circumvent credit ceiling人均國內生產(chǎn)總值per capita GDP人均收入per capita income人 民 幣 升 值 壓 力 upward pressure on the Renmin

34、bi （ exchange rate ）認繳資本subscribed capital軟貸款soft loans軟預算約束soft budget constraint軟著陸soft landingS三角債chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears善政廉政good governance商業(yè)貸款commercial loans上市公司（ publicly ） listed corporations設備利用capacity utilization社 會 保 障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（ insurance ）深層次矛盾deep-root

35、ed structural imbalance審批金融機構to license financial institutions審慎監(jiān)管prudential supervision生產(chǎn)能力閑置unutilized capacity生息資產(chǎn)interest-bearing assets實 際 利 用 外 資 disbursement of foreign capital;actual inflow of foreign investment實際有效匯率real effective exchange rate實時real time實收資本paid-in capital實現(xiàn)利潤realized prof

36、it市場分割market segmentation市場經(jīng)濟market economy市場占有率（市場份額）market share市場準入 market access（指商品和勞務的進入）； market entry （指機構的審批）市價總值market capitalization適度從緊appropriately tight適時調節(jié)timely adjustment收回對金融機構貸款torecallcentralbankloans （ to financial institutions）稅后還貸amortization （ repayment of loans）after tax稅收流失

37、tax erosion稅源不足weak tax base私營經(jīng)濟（私人經(jīng)濟）the private sector私有制private ownership所有者權益 owners equity外部審計 external audit外國直接投資 foreign direct investment（FDI ）T外匯儲備foreign exchange reserves逃稅（請見 “避稅 ”） tax evasion外匯調劑foreign exchange swap套匯 （ 1 ）指合法： currency swap;arbitrage指非法： illegal purchase of foreign

38、exchange剔除季節(jié)性因素seasonally adjusted（ 2）外 匯 占 款 the RMBcounterpart of foreignexchange reserves;theRMB equivalent ofoffcial foreign exchange holdings外向型經(jīng)濟export-oriented economy調節(jié)流動性to influence liquidity level外債 external debt貼現(xiàn)窗口 discount window外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprises同 比 on year-on-yearbasis;o

39、verthe sameperiod of the previous year完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度to improve the modernenterprise system同業(yè)拆借（放） inter-bank borrowing（ lending ）完稅憑證 tax payment documentation同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國）CHIBOR （ Chinainter-bank offered rate ）違法經(jīng)營 illegal business同業(yè)融通票據(jù)inter-bank financing bills委托存款entrusted deposits同業(yè)往來inter-bank transa

40、ctions穩(wěn)步增長steady growth透支overdraft穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng)a sound banking system退稅tax refund （ rebate ）穩(wěn)中求進tomakeprogresswhileensuring頭寸position吞吐基礎貨幣adjustment of monetary basestability無紙交易book-entry （or paperless/scriptless）transaction脫媒現(xiàn)象 disintermediation物價監(jiān)測 price monitoringWX吸納流動性to absorb liquidity稀缺經(jīng)濟scarcit

41、y economy洗錢money laundering系統(tǒng)內調度fund allocation within a bank系統(tǒng)性金融危機systemic financial crisis下崗工人laid-off employees下游企業(yè)down-stream enterprises現(xiàn)場稽核on-site examination現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中）cash heldoutsidethebanking system鄉(xiāng) 鎮(zhèn) 企 業(yè)townshipandvillageenterprises（ TVEs）消費物價指數(shù)consumer price index（ CPI）消費稅excise （ consu

42、mption ） tax消 滅 財 政 赤 字tobalancethebudget;toeliminate fiscal deficit銷貨款回籠reflowof corporatesales incometo the banking system銷售平淡lackluster sales協(xié)議外資金額committedamountofforeigninvestment新 經(jīng) 濟 增 長 點newsourcesofeconomicgrowth新 開 工 項 目newprojects;newlystartedprojects新增貸款 incremental credit; loan incremen

43、t; credit growth; credit expansion新增就業(yè)位置new jobs;new job opportunities信 貸 規(guī) 模 考 核reviewthecompliancewithcredit ceilings信號失真distorted signals信托投資公司trust and investment companies信息不對稱information asymmetry信息反饋feedback （ information）信息共享系統(tǒng)information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用擴張credir ex

44、pansion信用評級credit rating姓 “資 ”還是姓 “社 ”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施administrative measures需 求 膨 脹demandexpansion;excessivedemand虛偽存款window-dressing deposits削減冗員to shed excess labor force尋租rent seeking迅速反彈quick reboundY養(yǎng)老基金pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionaryimplementation一級市場primary market應收未收利息overdue interest銀行網(wǎng)點banking