專四閱讀詳解與其詛咒黑暗不如燃起蠟燭

1、Fdtae Wtae 襖 袁 葿星期 3 Wednesday 羄 Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.與其詛咒黑暗，不如燃起蠟燭。 膃 薃學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容 羋題材 肄詞數(shù) 薄建議時間 肀錯誤統(tǒng)計 肆做題備忘 膄 Text A 羄歷史事件 螂383 聿5分鐘 膄/4 賺 芀 Text B 袈經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè) 芄548 薂7分鐘 羂/5 薇 蚈 Text C 羃科技探索 莀420 蝕6分鐘 螇/6 莄 膂 Text D 荿教育培訓(xùn) 袇538 螅7分鐘 薀/5 膈 袇 袂今日練習(xí) 節(jié) Text A 羇 Half a dozen radio st

2、ations about the face of the globe crackled sparks of electricity from capital and into milli ons of humble homes; peace came through the air and was simulta neous over all the face of the earth. The great ceremony on the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay was an ticlimax. 羇The greatest fleet in the w

3、orld lay amidst the greatest ruins in the world under a dark and cheerless covering of clouds. The USS Iowa was on one side of the Missouri, the USS South Dakota on the other. A tattered flag with thirty-one stars was hung on one of the turrets of the battleship the flag of the infant republic, whic

4、h Commodore Perry brought with him to the same bay almost a hun dred years before. Above the mai nm ast fluttered the battle flag of the Unionof today. The deck was crowded with the American technicians. There were a Russian with a red band about his cap and a Tass newsreel man who insisted on crawl

5、ing in among the main actors to get his shots; there was a Canadian general who spoiled his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking. 芃 Half a dozen Japanese were piped over the side of the Missouri, but for the purpose of history and in every

6、man smemory there were only two the general, Umezu, and the statesman, Shingemitsu. Umezu was dressed in parade uniform, all his ribbons glistening, and his eyes blank, but you could see the brown pockmarks on his cheeks swelling and falling in emotion. Shingemitsu was dressed in a tall silk hat and

7、 a formal morning coat as if he were attending a wedding or a funeral. He had a wooden leg, and he limped along the deck; when he began to climb to the veranda deck where the peace was to be signed, he clutched the ropes and struggled up with infinite pain and discomfort. 蝿 Shingemitsu and Umezu wer

8、e brought forward, and, after a few carefully chosen words beautifully spoken by General MacArthur, they signed their names to a document marking an end to the Japanese Empire. When they had signed, the generals and admirals of all the other nations put their signatures to the document, and peace, i

9、f peace it was, had come. 羀 1. The document was signed on 肇A the USS Iowa. 蚃C the battleship Missouri. 蒁 2. In the second paragraph, 螈A USS. 腿C today s USA. B the USS South Dakota. D didn t mention. “A tattered flag with -tohniretystars i”sof B the infant USA. D the greatest fleet. 肄3. When portrayi

10、ng Umezu and Shingemitsu, the author focused on all the following EXCEPT 衿A facial expressi on. B appearance. 蕆C motio ns. D inner activity. 芇 4. By saying “and peace, if peace it was, had come”, the author implied that 芁A he valued the sig nature ceremony. 蟻B he was sure of the peace coming. 芆C he

11、suspected that the sig nature mea nt the real end of war. 莆D he believed the sig nature cere mony would bring peace. 螞 聿 Text B 艿 Left unfettered（ 無拘無束的 ）, Anthony Konieczka, 9 years old, would happily thumb away at his Game Boy Advance or PlayStation 2 from the minute he gets up to the moment he cr

12、awls into bed, 14 bleary-eyed（睡眼惺忪的）hours later. 蒆 Anthonys basement is stocked with traditional toys board games, puzzles, art supplies and as far as he is concerned, they are relics of Christmases past. His sister Michaely, 6 years old, still likes dressing her Barbies. But once she starts playing

13、 Game Boy its hard to get her away. 肅 Play patterns like this could grab another Christmas for the toy department. Through September, toy sales were down 5% compared with the first nine months of last year, according to the NDP Group. Meanwhile, the video-game industry is heading for another record

14、year. Thanks to hot new games like Halo 2 for the Xbox, the industry is light-years ahead of the toy business when it comes to buzz. With distractions such as instant messaging, cell phone games and iPods angling for kids minds and allowances, the digital revolution is making life miserable for the

15、toy industry. 螁 While some hard-to-find toys emerge every holiday season, toymakers are heading into this one without a monster hit. Indeed, there has not been a Furby-style frenzy in years. Of 10 toy segments only two, arts and crafts and dolls, have generated sales growth over a recent 12 month pe

16、riod. Some of the weakest categories like construction sets and action figures are the ones aimed at boys, who suffer the most blisters from the video games. Analysts expect one of the top stocking stuffers this season to be not a traditional toy but the new generation of Nintendo Boy, the DS, which

17、 hit stores last week. 肈 The deeper issue is that shifts in play patterns are forcing toymakers to fight for shelf space in a tightening market. Boys in particular seem to be abandoning traditional toys at earlier ages in favor of consumer electronics, trendy video games, PC software and the Interne

18、t. The notion that kids are growing more sophisticated and tech-savvy （ 懂技術(shù)的 ）, a trend called“age compression” , has bedeviled toy companies for at least a decade. Action figures, for instance, used to be considered healthy for boys up to age 12. Now the items are mainly marketed to boys 4 to 6. A

19、recent study found that nearly half of the U.S children start on video games at 4 to 5 years old and 20% at age 3 or younger. 蒆 Toy companies, of course, have long seen this coming. Mattel attempted to get into educational software in the late 1990s, spending $3.6 million to buy the Learning Company

20、. But it turned out to be a blunder and led to more than $400 million in losses. Later on Mattel got back to building basic brands like Barbie and Hot W heels. But Barbie s sales slump may also be a victim of kids growing older at younger ages. 蒄 Several of the toys expected to sell well this season

21、 are, in fact, those that incorporate video gaming and DVD technologies. Mattel-PsricFeisihnetrroduced a game system called InteracTV this year, featuring DVDs with characters like Dora the explorer. Hasbro came out with a portable color video player called VideoNow and has been putting classic game

22、s like Battleship and Yahtzee into hand-held electronic format. 艿 5. At the beginning of the passage, the author implies that 袇 A video games are designed only for boys. 薆 B girls are usually not interested in video games. 裊 C both Anthony and Michaely are good at playing PlayStation 2. 羈 D children

23、 would not like to stop playing Game Boy once they start. 袀 6. We learn from the passage that in this holiday season 蚆 A it is hard to find traditional toys in the market. 羂 B toymakers are planning to design monster toys. 螞 C no hit toys will come onto the market. 蠆 D Furby will become popular amon

24、g children. 螆 7. The sales of construction sets are decreasing because 莂 A they are not healthy toys for children. 膀 B they are very weak and easily broken. 蕆 C they are hard to find on shelves of toy stores. 袆 D they are aimed at boys who are easily attracted by the video games. 螃 8. What has been

25、bothering toymakers for almost ten years? 袂 A The Internet addiction. 膆 B The trend of age compression. 羆 C The sales of action figures. 膄 D The new generation of Game Boy. 芀 9. It is predicted that in this season the popular toys would be 艿 A hot new game Halo 2 for the Xbox. 羅 B arts and crafts an

26、d dolls. 莁 C action figures designed for boys aged from 4 to 6. 肂 D toys that integrate video gaming with DVD technologies. 羈 肅 Text C 螂 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（ 流星 ） but also because of rays from the Sun and other stars. 蒀 Radiation is the greatest known danger to ex

27、plorers in space. Doses of radiation are measured in units called“ rem ” . We all receive radiation here on the Earth from the Sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The“ normal ” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirem; it varies according to where you live,

28、and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rem has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well,

29、 but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of children or even grandchildren. 螇 Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth. It also varies in time because, when great spurts of gas shoot ou

30、t of the Sun, they are accompanied by a lot of extra radiation. Some estimates of the amount of radiation in space, based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rem per year, while others are as high as 5 rem per hour! Mission to the Moon have had to cross the Van Allen belts of

31、high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirem per man. It was hoped that there would not be any large solar flares during the times of Apollo moon walks because the walls of the lunar excursion modules （LEMs） were not thi

32、ck enough to protect the men inside, though the command modules did give reasonable protection. So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the Gemini（ 雙子座 ）orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend

33、 weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory or in a base on the Moon. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space

34、travelers, but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future. 膅 10. What make space a dangerous place? 膃 A The radioactive meteors. 膂 B The Sun and other stars. 螀 C Rays from the earth. 芅 D Rem. 薄 11. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT tru

35、e? 蝕A Theno rmal ” dose of radiati on we receive is gen erally accepted as safe. 蕿B Scientists are certain that 60 rem of radiation won t damage man. 蒞C Harm of radiatio n is no t likely to be see n immediately. 羅D We don t know exactly the serious ness of radiati on damage. 莁 12. Missions to the mo

36、on are dangerous to the explorers because 莈A they have to cross the high radioactive area. 蒅B solar flares may damage the LEMs. 肁C they have to stay in space for a long time. 衿D they will probably run into meteors. 肆 13. How will men effectively protect themselves when they spend long periods in spa

37、ce? 薅A By tak ing special drugs. 蒂B By weari ng special suits. 薁C By using a protective bla nket. 腿D No effective soluti on has bee n found yet. 薅 14. The example of Apollo is to show 袃 A the Apollo mission was very successful. 罿 B protection from space radiation is no easy job. 袈C astr on auts don

38、care about radiati on damage. 蚄D radiati on is not a threat to well-protected space explorers. 芄 15. The best title for this passage would be 螁A The Atmosphere and Our En viro nment 蚇B Research on Radiatio n 螄C Effects of Space Radiation 蚅D Importa nt Protect ion aga inst Radiati on 腿 蝕 Text D 襖 A s

39、imple computer program that teaches children to distinguish between sounds can dramatically boost their listening skills. It can allow them to progress by the equivalent of two years in just a few weeks, the game s creator claims. 螂 The game, called Phonomena, was devised by David Moore of the Uni v

40、ersity of Oxford, U.K., as an aid for children with language problems, but he says his latest trials also show that it can help any child. Other experts, however, are reserving judgment until independent tests are carried out. 袁 Phonomena is designed to improve children asbility to distinguish betwe

41、en different phonemes（音素）,the basic sounds that form the building blocks of Ianguage. Up to a fifth of all children are thought to have problems hearing the differences between some sounds, says Moore, who heads the U.K. Medical Research Council s Institute of Hearing Research. sound 葿 In the game,

42、childre n have to dist in guish betwee n pairs of pho nemes such as the“ i from the word “ bit ” and the “ e” fromare p“l(fā)aybedt ”on.eTpheoyneme followed by two more examples, and asked which one matches the first sound. As the game progresses, the phonemes are gradually “ morphed ”改（變 ） to make them

43、 more and more similar, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between them. 羄 With 44 phonemes in English, there are potentially more than 1,000 different pairs, but the game concentrates on just 22 pairs of the commonest and most similar-sounding phonemes. 膃 In the latest trials, 18 child

44、ren aged between eight and ten played the game three times a week for four weeks. Their language abilities were compared before and after exposure to the game using a standard listening test. 薃 The team found a dramatic improvement in their language abilities, with listening ages up by an average 2.

45、4 years compared with 12 children who did not play the game. In earlier trials on children with learning difficulties, the speech and language therapists who tested the game reported similar improvements. 羋 But Ted Wragg, an expert in education at the U.K sUniversity of Exeter, warns that such trial

46、s can produce misleading results. The improvements could be due to the efforts and attention of teachers and therapists, rather than the game itself. There is a history in education of people and companies making claims about learning products that do not stand up to scrutiny, he says. 肄 It is a bit

47、 like teaching someone to catch a ball, Moore adds. “Sensoryperformance is no different from motor performance. As far as we know, the neural processes driving them both are the same. ” And just as playing catch improves ha-nedye coordination in other tasks, Moore thinks the phoneme training boosts

48、children s general language skills. 薄 The advantage of using computers, he says, is each game can be tailored to a child s abilities. An oxford-based company called MindWeavers has been set up to commercialize the game. 肀 Similar computer0based language tools already exist, such as those developed b

49、y Scientific Learning of Oakland, California. But these are geared exclusively towards children with speech and language problems and involve intensive training. 肆“ Wedontbelieve you need to do this Draconian（ 嚴酷的 ） amount of training for it to do good, ” says Moore. He is also exploring the use of

50、phoneme training as an adi to adults learning a foreign language. 膄 16. At first, the Phonomena game is designed for 羄 A adults. 螂 B disabled children. 聿 C children with language problems. 膄 D all children. 膁 17. We can infer from the passage that in the game 芀A one fifth of the children have diffic

51、ult distinguishing between sounds. 袈B children are asked to tell the differences between similar sounds. 芄C the pho nemes are beco ming in creas in gly difficult to disti nguish. 薂D 44 phon emes in En glish are in volved. 羂 18. In Ted Wrag g opinion, 薇A the trial results are not reliable and reas on

52、 able. 蚈B the game is helpful to children with Ianguage problems. 羃C the trial results are accurate. 莀D the trial results show that the game is useless. 蝕 19. What is the adva ntage of using computers in Phonomena game? 螇A It can provide customized service. 莄B It can provide multimedia service. 膂C C

53、hildre n can play the game at home. 荿D It can improve child s ability. 袇 20. Whats the limitatio n of the exist ing computer-based Ian guage tools? 螅A They are desig ned exclusively for childre n. 薀B They require too much trai ning. 月膈C They are too harsh. 袇D They do nothing good to Ian guage skills

54、. 袂 節(jié)詞匯難句 羇語境詞匯 羇 Text A 芃 1. crackle sparks of electricity 通過電波傳遞 蝿 2. anticlimax n. 令人掃興的結(jié)尾 羀 3. tatter v. 扯碎，使變破爛： a tattered flag 一面破舊的國旗 肇 4.mainmast n. 主桅 蚃 5. pipe v. 召集，召喚 蒁 6. the veranda deck 艦艇上的游廊 螈 7. clutch v. 抓住，抓緊 膇 肄 Text B 衿 1. thumb v. 以拇指擺弄 n. 大拇指 蕆 2. blister n. 水泡，氣泡 v. 使起水泡 芇3

55、. angle v.謀取；垂釣n.角；角度，觀點 芁4. hit n.成功的嘗試；擊中 v.打（擊） 蟻5. frenzy n. 狂亂；極度的激動 芆6. trendy a.時髦的，流行的n.新潮人物，穿著時髦的人 莆 7. bedevil vt. 使苦惱；折磨 螞8. slump n.經(jīng)濟衰退；消沉 v.倒下，陷落；下跌 聿 艿 Text C 蒆 1. radiation n. 放射，輻射；放射物，放射線 肅2. cosmic n. 宇宙的；廣大的，無限的 螁3. probe n.太空探測器；探查 v.查究，調(diào)查 肇4. spurt n.噴射；突然的加速、增強 vi.噴出，涌出 蒆5. ac

56、cumulate v.積累，聚集；增加 蒄6. excurs ion n.郊游，遠足，游覽 艿 袇 Text D 薆 1. distinguish vt. there was a Can adia n gen eral who flubbed his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking. 蕆【分析】并列復(fù)合句。本句由三個并列的there be句型構(gòu)成：在第一個分句中，介詞短語 with作定語，who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾 a Tass news

57、reel man;第二個分句中 who引導(dǎo)的定語 從句修飾general。 祎【譯文】有一位戴著紅箍帽子的俄國人和一位執(zhí)意要擠到主要人物之中拍攝鏡頭的塔斯社 新聞片攝制者；有位加拿大將軍做得不得體，把名字簽錯了地方； 還有一位穿著考究的來自 重慶的中國將軍。 螃 2. Umezu was dressed in parade uniform, all his ribbons glistening, and his eyes blank, but you could see the brown pockmarks on his cheeks swelling and falling in emot

58、ion. 袂【分析】并列句。but連接兩個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列分句：在第一個分句中，alland blank為 兩個并列的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語；第二個分句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是see sb/sth doing sth。 膆【譯文】梅津美治郎身著閱兵制服，幾條綬帶閃閃發(fā)光，眼神空洞而茫然，然而可以看出 他兩頰上黝黑的麻子隨著情緒起伏不定。 羆 膄 Text B 芀 1. Analysts expect one of the top stocking stuffers this season to be not a traditional toy but the new generation of Ni

59、nte ndos GaemBoy, the DS, which hit stores last week. 艿【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干部分看起來較為復(fù)雜， 其實就是Sb expect sth to be sth結(jié)構(gòu)；not but連接兩個并列成分，做 be的表語；the DS作the newBoy的同位語；which引導(dǎo)非限 制性定語從句，修飾 the DS。 羅【譯文】分析師們預(yù)計，這個圣誕節(jié)最流行的禮物之一將不再是傳統(tǒng)的玩具，而是任天堂 公司上周剛剛投放市場的、“游戲小子”的新一代產(chǎn)品 DS 游戲機。 莁 2. The notion that kids are growing more s

60、ophisticated and tech-savvy, a trend called “age compression”, has bedeviled toy companies for at least a decade. 肂【分析】 復(fù)合句。 句子主干為 The notion has bedeviled toy companies 。 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句， 對the notion進行解釋說明；a trend作前面that從句的同位語，其中called age compression” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 trend。 羈【譯文】孩子們的口味越來越刁，對技術(shù)也越來越懂行，