新托?？谡Z強(qiáng)化講義

1、托福強(qiáng)化口語講義 啟德杭州學(xué)府前言一. 托?？荚嚳谡Z題型介紹：一二題是開放性話題，內(nèi)容涉及的都是最身邊最生活的話題，要求考生流利清楚地表達(dá)出自己的意思，這需要考生日常的積累，以及勤奮的練習(xí)，切記掐時間練習(xí)才最有效！三四五六題是口語部分的綜合題目，也就是要考察考生讀、聽、說的綜合能力，其中第三題和第四題是閱讀、聽力和口語三者的結(jié)合；第五題和第六題是聽力和口語的結(jié)合，因此這需要考生必須狂做成套練習(xí)，掌握讀、聽、說的技巧，將其有機(jī)結(jié)合在一起！口語考試20分鐘的時間，同學(xué)們，一定要自信地展現(xiàn)自己的實力！明確自己在準(zhǔn)備時間內(nèi)的主要任務(wù)，確定自己取得高分的目標(biāo)！二. 新托?？谡Z考試的三大特征：1. 重在聽

2、懂后的闡述和概括，機(jī)考口語一共20分鐘，需要表達(dá)的部分只有五分半的時間，除去答題前的65秒準(zhǔn)備時間以外，剩下的大約15分鐘都在聽材料上，因此托福口語考試確實是聽在前，說在后。time task 1,2task 3,4task 5,6 讀 文章時間 無閱讀材料 45無閱讀材料 聽 材料時間 無聽力材料 60-80100-110準(zhǔn)備答案時間153020答題的時間456060 2. 加入了閱讀和聽力結(jié)合的綜合任務(wù)，口語部分的第3，4題都是需要先讀一個45秒左右的文字材料，后聽一個對話或演講的一個部分，最后進(jìn)行口語作答，依據(jù)所聽所讀進(jìn)行材料整合，歸納后輸出答案。這正迎合了北美高校課堂授課的常見方式，以

3、便學(xué)生更快適應(yīng)上課風(fēng)格。3. 允許作筆記。很多學(xué)生在聽聽力材料時沒有養(yǎng)成作筆記的習(xí)慣，由于人的瞬間記憶極其短暫，因此聽完一段材料后能擠下的內(nèi)容寥寥無幾，因此建議考生在新托福備考時，培養(yǎng)出邊聽邊記的習(xí)慣，并加強(qiáng)聽寫和聽力筆記技巧的訓(xùn)練。三. 學(xué)生在應(yīng)對新托?？荚囍杏幸韵氯齻€問題:1. 認(rèn)讀單詞能力較差，由于長期以來英語語音教學(xué)很分散，導(dǎo)致很多學(xué)生不會利用一定的規(guī)則朗讀，拼寫或者記憶單詞，所以很多學(xué)生的閱讀能力明顯高于聽力和口語能力，主要因為沒有區(qū)別開它們的本質(zhì)區(qū)別，即閱讀技能是依于空間存在的，即“space-based”.表示文章不會因為時間的推移而消逝，而聽力是基于時間的，即”time-bas

4、ed”,聽完的東西不會再次出現(xiàn)，因為不像閱讀材料那樣可以看到原文，所以提高聽力的方法應(yīng)該是分隔較長句子的意群，然后把每個意群不斷重復(fù)跟讀，直到復(fù)述出整個句子為止。2. 語音問題不容忽視。隨著美音近年來的日益流行，很多學(xué)生在初高中時代的英音根深蒂固，不熟悉美音和英音的區(qū)別和其他語音的特征，因此導(dǎo)致聽力部分帶來很大障礙。3. 作為輸出技能的口語部分練習(xí)的太少，缺乏持久的自我練習(xí)意識。很多考生平時沒有重視口語部分的練習(xí)，也沒有比較科學(xué)的有效的方法進(jìn)行自學(xué)，因此導(dǎo)致口語技能相比其他部分稍遜色一些。同學(xué)們，希望并不遙遠(yuǎn)，只要你著眼于現(xiàn)在，勤加苦練，必修成正果！想跟你們說的是：跟著老師步伐，以托福考試為目

5、標(biāo)，前進(jìn)，勝利就在前方，加油！if you keep working, and trust yourself and your teacher, you will harvest a lot!if you keep talking english confidently and carefully, you will make it in english!if you exercise the oral tasks by timing, you will take on a better performance in the examination.come on , everyone! ev

6、ery one of you will succeed!教學(xué)進(jìn)度表授課節(jié)次授課內(nèi)容第一節(jié)托福總論+托?？谡Z單科總論第二節(jié)task 1絕大部分第三節(jié)task 3開始task 3講完模板第四節(jié)task 3 講例題task 4開始-講完task 4第五節(jié)task 5講聽力要點(diǎn)task 5模板、答案講完第六節(jié)task 6的第1-8種1x+2y，對完答案。task 6的第9種1x+2y，對完答案。第七節(jié)task 2講完+task 1掃尾 用答題模版做習(xí)題第八節(jié)總復(fù)習(xí),總結(jié)發(fā)音現(xiàn)象及英美音區(qū)別目錄：一. 托福及托?？谡Z整體介紹二. 托福口語題型介紹task1 n選1話題task2 2選1話題task3 校

7、園事務(wù)議論話題task4 課文主題舉例題task5 學(xué)生困難解決題task6 講課內(nèi)容總結(jié)題三. 附錄托福常用口語短語總結(jié)托福及托福口語整體介紹一.托?？荚囌w介紹(一)、托福的定義：toefl (test of english as a foreign language) 托?？荚?toefl ibt internet based test（網(wǎng)考，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)考試）（二）、托福考試報名流程：第1步、登陸教育部考試中心托福報名網(wǎng) /第2步、注冊用戶，創(chuàng)建檔案。第3步、支付考試費(fèi)用：中國工商銀行或中國招商銀行網(wǎng)上銀行第4步、選擇考位，注冊考試第5步、填寫

8、背景調(diào)查第6步、收到確認(rèn)信息* 考試成績：考試結(jié)束約15個工作日后登陸報名網(wǎng)站查詢成績或寄送。* 得到分?jǐn)?shù)報告：四項技能的分?jǐn)?shù)、總分、機(jī)考托福對照分?jǐn)?shù)* 轉(zhuǎn)考：距考試日10天前（不含考試日和申請日），可以申請轉(zhuǎn)考。首先支付轉(zhuǎn)考費(fèi)并在“我的主頁”中確認(rèn)支付成功。“查看已注冊信息”申請轉(zhuǎn)考。* 復(fù)議：一科600rmb，只能復(fù)議作文口語（三）、托?？荚嚵鞒碳八惴郑簍est sectionrange of questionstime limit(total:4 hours)scaled section score(total:120)1.reading閱讀3/5 passages, 12-14 que

9、stions each60/100 minutes0-302.listening聽力3/2 conversations, 5 questions each6/4 lectures, 6 questions each90/60 minutes0-30break休息10 minutes3.speaking口語2 independent speaking tasks4 integrated speaking tasks20 minutes0-30 (raw pointsper question 0-4)4.writing寫作1 integrated writing task1 independent

10、 writing task20 minutes30 minutes0-30 (raw pointsper question 0-5)二.托?？谡Z整體介紹(一)、大學(xué)對申請者托?？谡Z單科成績的要求： 本、研 22助教獎金 26醫(yī)學(xué) 法學(xué) 師范 商學(xué)類專業(yè) 26(二)、歷年托福網(wǎng)考中國大陸地區(qū)考生總分及各科平均分： yearsection score meanstotal scorereadinglisteningspeakingwriting20062019182077200721191820782008201818207620092017182075(三)、你的目標(biāo)=？(四)、托?？谡Z題型分類

11、：按出題順序和考查能力分類按話題選材分類.independent tasks 獨(dú)立題（純口語題）task 1 free-choice _話題 task 2 paired-choice _話題 prefer a or b _agree or disagree _.integrated tasks 綜合題（綜合能力題）.reading listening speaking讀聽說綜合題task 3 campus-related issue &students attitude_題 task 4 term & examples _題 .listening speaking 聽說綜合題task 5 st

12、udent-related problem &solutions _題 task 6 summary _題 .speaking about familiar topics 談?wù)揰話題task 1 free-choice task 2 paired-choice .speaking about campus situations 談?wù)揰話題task 3 campus-related issue & students attitude task 5 student-related problem &solutions .speaking about academic course content

13、轉(zhuǎn)述_內(nèi)容task 4 topic & examples task 6 summary (五)、托?？谡Z高分回答的特征和低分回答的特征托福口語考試評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：重要提示：考生必須用正式的講述語言而非懶散的私聊語言說出自己的回答！評判指標(biāo)口語高分回答的特征口語低分回答的特征1、采分要點(diǎn)task 1-2明確、完整、準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、理由和細(xì)節(jié)。僅有論點(diǎn)，缺乏足夠理由和細(xì)節(jié)支持。task 3-6完整、準(zhǔn)確地轉(zhuǎn)述了必要信息。task 3-6的回答，遺漏重要信息、有嚴(yán)重的錯誤或張冠李戴。2、整體構(gòu)思（邏輯）句子間有連接詞邏輯關(guān)系清晰、信息能自然銜接易于理解。句子間邏輯詞不明顯。聽到的只是單個句子。邏輯關(guān)系不清楚

14、，難以理解。3、句詞、語法的使用熟練度、準(zhǔn)確度在答題過程中，迅速、準(zhǔn)確地取用恰當(dāng)、準(zhǔn)確的句詞、語法。語法：避免復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。選詞：靈活；難度適中。詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)；有明顯的用詞錯誤和語法錯誤。由于語速慢，給人以“不能迅速、準(zhǔn)確取用詞匯、句式和語法”的感覺。4、語音、語調(diào)、心態(tài)、音量、吐字語音非常準(zhǔn)確。語調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、有起伏；心理自信（正常）大方聲音洪亮、吐字清晰。語言節(jié)奏良好。多次重復(fù)明顯的語音語調(diào)錯誤。整體印象是：不熟練。5、流利度語言熟練流利。無大于3秒的中斷、不結(jié)結(jié)巴巴的。語言不熟練不流利。有多處明顯停頓。句子和句子之間間隔太長。6、語速語言熟練在表達(dá)句詞時，采用最佳語速：適中略偏快、勻速

15、，保證了表達(dá)的高效。語言不熟練語速緩慢且不規(guī)則。語速太快缺乏語氣！(六)、口語各題型、各分?jǐn)?shù)段評語的含義：speaking skills口語技能level水平y(tǒng)our performance你的表現(xiàn)speaking aboutfamiliar topics談?wù)撊粘Ｔ掝}task 1,2good(3.5-4.0)（26-30）your responses indicate you are able to speak in english about your personal experiences and opinions in a mostly clear and coherent manne

16、r. your speech is clear with only occasional errors. grammar and vocabulary are strong and include only a few errors. you can elaborate fully on your ideas and have a strong overall communication.你的回答顯示出你能用英語非常清晰、連貫地講述你的經(jīng)歷和觀點(diǎn)。你的回答是清晰的，偶有瑕疵。你的語法和詞匯水平是高的，只有一些小錯誤。你能把你的思想充分地展開論述，你的交流能力是強(qiáng)大的。fair(2.5-3.0)

17、（18-25）your responses indicate you are able to speak in english about your personal experiences and opinions in a mostly clear and coherent manner. your speech is mostly clear with only occasional errors. grammar and vocabulary are somewhat limited and include some errors. at times, the limitations

18、prevent you from elaborating fully on your ideas, but they do not seriously interfere with overall communication.你的回答顯示出你能用英語非常清晰、連貫地講述你的經(jīng)歷和觀點(diǎn)。你的回答是清晰的，只是偶有瑕疵。你的語法和詞匯水平稍低，有些錯誤。這些語法和詞匯方面的局限阻礙了你充分地表述你的思想，但這些局限不會嚴(yán)重地影響你與他人的交流。limited(1.5-2.0)（10-17）your responses indicate some difficulty speaking in eng

19、lish about everyday experiences and opinions. listeners sometimes have trouble understanding you because of noticeable problems with pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. while you are able to respond partially to the questions, you are not able to fully develop your ideas, possibly due to limited

20、 vocabulary and grammar.你的回答顯示出你在用英語講述你的日常經(jīng)歷和觀點(diǎn)時遇到一些困難。由于你在發(fā)音、語法和詞匯方面有明顯錯誤，聽者有時不太容易聽懂你的回答?？赡苁怯捎谀阍谠~匯和語法方面的局限，導(dǎo)致你只能部分地回答出問題，卻不能充分表達(dá)你的思想。weak(0 - 1.0)（0-9）your responses are incomplete. they include little or no information about the topic. your speech is often difficult for listeners to understand, an

21、d the meaning is unclear.你的回答不完整。其中未包含或只包含了少量與本話題有關(guān)的信息。聽眾一般很難聽懂你的回答。你的回答的意思含糊不清。speaking skills口語技能level水平y(tǒng)our performance你的表現(xiàn)speaking aboutcampus situations談?wù)撔@情景task 3,5good(3.5 - 4.0)好 (3.5 - 4.0)（26-30）your responses indicate an ability to speak effectively in english about reading material and

22、conversations typically encountered by university students. overall, your responses are clear and coherent, with only occasional errors of pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary.你的回答顯示出你能用英語有效地談?wù)摯髮W(xué)生經(jīng)常接觸到的閱讀材料和對話。從整體上來看，你的回答是清晰、連貫的，只是在語音、語法或詞匯方面偶有瑕疵。fair(2.5 - 3.0)（18-25）your responses demonstrate an

23、ability to speak in english about reading material and experiences typically encountered by university students. you are able to convey relevant information about conversations, newspaper articles, and campus bulletins; however, some details are missing or inaccurate. limitations of grammar, vocabul

24、ary, and pronunciation at times cause difficulty for the listener. however, they do not seriously interfere with overall communication.你的回答顯示出你能用英語談?wù)摯髮W(xué)生經(jīng)常接觸到的閱讀材料和對話。你能轉(zhuǎn)述與對話、報章和校園通知相關(guān)的信息。然而，你漏掉了一些細(xì)節(jié)，這導(dǎo)致你的回答不太準(zhǔn)確。在語法、詞匯和語音方面的局限，有時會給聽者造成理解上的困難。盡管如此，這些局限不會嚴(yán)重地影響你與他人的交流。limited(1.5-2.0)（10-17）your respons

25、es indicate that you have some difficulty speaking in english about information from conversations, newspaper articles, university publications, and so on. while you are able to talk about some of the key information from these sources, limited grammar and vocabulary may prevent you from fully expre

26、ssing your ideas. problems with pronunciation make it difficult for listeners to understand you at times.你的回答顯示出你在用英語談?wù)搧碜詫υ?、報章、大學(xué)通知的信息的時，遇到些困難。然而，你還是可以講出其中的一些關(guān)鍵信息的。語法和詞匯方面的局限，使你不能充分地表述你的思想。語音方面的問題使得聽者難以聽懂你的回答。weak(0 - 1.0)（0-9）your responses are incomplete. they include little or no information abou

27、t the topic. your speech is often difficult for listeners to understand, and the meaning is unclear.你的回答不完整。其中未包含或只包含了少量與本話題有關(guān)的信息。聽眾一般很難聽懂你的回答。你的回答的意思含糊不清。speaking skills口語技能level水平y(tǒng)our performance你的表現(xiàn)speaking aboutacademic coursecontent談?wù)搶W(xué)術(shù)內(nèi)容task 4,6good(3.5 - 4.0)（26-30）your responses demonstrate

28、an ability to communicate effectively in english about academic topics typical of first-year university studies. your speech is mostly clear and fluent. you are able to use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to explain concepts and ideas from reading or lecture material. you are able to talk about k

29、ey information and relevant details with only minor inaccuracies.你的回答顯示出你能用英語就大一階段學(xué)術(shù)話題和他人進(jìn)行有效交流。你的講話非常清晰、流利。你能用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯和語法解釋在閱讀材料和講課中出現(xiàn)的概念和觀點(diǎn)。你能非常準(zhǔn)確地談?wù)撽P(guān)鍵信息和相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。fair(2.5 - 3.0)（18-25）your responses demonstrate that you are able to speak in english about academic reading and lecture material, with only

30、minor communication problems. for the most part, your speech is clear and easy to understand. however, some problems with pronunciation and intonation may occasionally cause difficulty for the listener. your use of grammar and vocabulary is adequate to talk about the topics, but some ideas are not f

31、ully developed or are inaccurate.你的回答顯示出你能用英語談?wù)搶W(xué)術(shù)閱讀材料和講課內(nèi)容，偶有交流障礙。從整體來看，你的回答清晰、易懂。然而，一些語音、語調(diào)問題可能會給聽者在理解上造成困難。在談?wù)搶W(xué)術(shù)話題時，你的語法和詞匯的使用都沒有什么問題，只是在表述一些要點(diǎn)時，你表述得還不夠充分或表述錯了。limited(1.5-2.0)（10-17）in your responses, you are able to use english to talk about the basic ideas from academic reading or lecture mater

32、ials, but, in general, you include few relevant or accurate details. it is sometimes difficult for listeners to understand your responses because of problems with grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. overall, you are able to respond in a general way to the questions, but the amount of information

33、 in your responses is limited and the expression of ideas is often vague and unclear.在你的回答里，你能用英語談?wù)摵唵蔚膶W(xué)術(shù)閱讀材料和講課信息。可你的答案所包含的準(zhǔn)確的相關(guān)信息并不多。你在語法、詞匯和發(fā)音方面的錯誤，導(dǎo)致聽眾有時會難以聽懂你的回答。從整體來看，你能回答出大致的要點(diǎn)，但你回答的信息量較少。你的思想表述得含糊不清。weak(0 - 1.0)（0-9）your responses are incomplete. they include little or no information about t

34、he topic. your speech is often difficult for listeners to understand, and the meaning is unclear.你的回答不完整。其中未包含或只包含了少量與本話題有關(guān)的信息。聽眾一般很難聽懂你的回答。你的回答的意思含糊不清。testing process.independent tasks - speakingquestion 1 free-choiceif you could live abroad, where would you go? explain why you would go there. prep

35、aration time: 15 seconds response time: 45 secondsquestion 2 paired-choicesome people think it is more fun to spend time with friends in restaurant or cafes, others think its more fun to spend time at home. which do you think is better, explain why?preparation time: 15 seconds response time: 45 seco

36、ndsdo you agree or disagree with the following statement? use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. students should not be allowed to take their cell phones into classrooms.preparation time: 15 seconds response time: 45 seconds、-.integrated tasks reading listening speakingquestion 3

37、campus-related issue & students attitudereading time: 45 secondsa students proposala student proposes to the university to change the policy that prohibits eating in classrooms. at first students are not allowed to enjoy their meals in classes, especially in the morning classes and in the late after

38、noon classes. there are two reasons for advocating eating in classrooms. firstly, when the students feel hungry, eating some snacks can help them get more energy, therefore be more concentrated. secondly, if students are allowed to eat in classes, they can hold some class parties when the semester i

39、s over. it is a good way to get together and to have celebration.the man expresses his opinion of the students proposal. state his opinion and explain the reasons for holding that opinion. preparation time: 30 seconds response time: 60 secondsquestion 4 term & examplesreading time: 45 secondsflowin

40、psychology, the feeling of complete and energized focus in an activity is called flow. people who enter a state of flow lose their sense of time and have a feeling of great satisfaction. they become completely involved in an activity for its own sake rather than for what may result from the activity

41、, such as money or prestige. contrary to expectation, flow usually happens not during relaxing moments of leisure and entertainment, but when we actively involved in a difficult enterprise, in a task that stretches our mental of physical abilities.explain “flow” and how the example used by professor

42、 illustrated the concept. preparation time: 30 second response time: 60 seconds-ii. integrated tasks - listening speaking question 5 student-related problem & solutionsthe woman discusses two possible solutions to the mans problem. describe the problem and the two solutions. then state which of the

43、two solutions you prefer and explain why. preparation time: 20 seconds response time: 60 secondsquestion 6 summaryusing points and examples from the talk and describe the two different definitions of tools given by the professor. preparation time: 20 seconds response time: 60 secondstask 1 free-choi

44、ce _話題outlinea. testing purpose of task 1:type1. 有形的談?wù)搶ο?. 抽象的談?wù)搶ο笥⑽?.person（16.56%）2.place（11.67%）3.tangible object（14.72%）4.intangible object（34.36%）5.event or activity（22.70%）中文describedescribe =describe =模板代號t-d-2s-ct-2s-cexamples:：1. person1. describe a person that you look up as a role model.

45、explain how this person influence your life. include details and examples to support your response.2. describe a person who is very important to you in your life. explain why you think this person is important to you. include details and examples to support your response.3. describe a person who pos

46、itively influenced your life. explain how this person influenced your life. give specific reasons and details to support your explanation.2. place1. please describe a place that you would like to visit but you have not been to. use specific examples and details to support your opinion.2. you have th

47、e opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. which country would you like to visit? use details and examples to support your opinion. 3. describe a place where you go for rest and relaxation. explain why it is a good place for you to relax. dont forget to include details and examples in y

48、our explanation.3. tangible object 1. choose one of the following and explain why you like it most: fictions, magazines and poems.2. choose one of the forms of the technology in the list and tell why it has great impact on peoples lives in your country? airplane, computer or television.3. describe a

49、 book that is the most useful to you. 4. intangible object1. describe a job career or profession which you wish to pursue. explain why this job is your ideal job. include reasons and details to support your response. 2. describe a special job that you have hand in the past or one that you would like

50、 to do in the future. explain why?3. choose one of the following work of art and explain why you like it most: comedy stage play and musical play. 5. event or activity1 describe a celebration, public event or moment that is most important to you. explain why it was impressive to you. include reasons

51、 and examples to support your response.慶祝活動2 describe a ceremony or public event that you attended. explain why it was memorable to you. include reasons and examples to support your response.3 describe the most enjoyable event in your childhood. explain why it was memorable to you. include reasons a

52、nd examples to support your response.b. question types of task 1:question type 1 describe question _題 （91.41%）question type 2 characteristics or qualities question _題（8.59%）c. strategies for task 1:question type 1 describe question step 1. reading the question：1. format: describe a familiar 1.person give yourexplanation 2.place 3.tangible object 4.intangible object 5.event or activity 2two typical questions:typical question1 直白問法：describe a person youd like to know more. explain what youd like to know more about