初中英語語法知識(shí)精講精練

1、初中英語語法知識(shí)精講精練：動(dòng)詞 (一) 知識(shí)概要 動(dòng)詞在語言中是必不可少的一部分。它的語法現(xiàn)象也較多，但在初中范圍主要有以下幾方面問題。 時(shí)態(tài)：初中范圍主要有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。 語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 非謂語動(dòng)詞，也就是不定式，動(dòng)名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用要點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣用法。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主要有以下三方面， 用來表示狀態(tài)，特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如：The earth moves around the s

2、un 表示習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：I often go to bed at 9 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：As soon as I get there Ill telephone you. 一般過去時(shí)：主要用于表達(dá)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，如：I was ill last week. 過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，如I used to get up at six. 一般將來時(shí)：用于表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其構(gòu)成方式 用ill (shall)+動(dòng)詞原形來表達(dá)將來在某一時(shí)間內(nèi)要發(fā)生，或經(jīng)常、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如：School will begin on Sep

3、tember 1st 用be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，用來表示不久將要發(fā)生或打算去作的動(dòng)作。如：Im going to swim this afternoon be+現(xiàn)在分詞，也就是用某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，如：Im coming。這些動(dòng)詞只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等動(dòng) 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 詞。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示狀態(tài)，情感的某些詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞有：like, have (有)，

4、love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect 過去將來時(shí)：用來表達(dá)從過去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)上看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： He told me he would come to my party. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩個(gè)用處是： 用來表達(dá)在過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，如：Ive studied English for two years. 用來表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的事但它影響到現(xiàn)在，如：I havent had my breakfast. so Im hungry n

5、ow? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作截止于現(xiàn)在，而過去完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作截止于過去。如：I havent seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未見到我過去的老師了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句話，則將變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadnt seen him for a long time. 因?yàn)槲液镁梦匆娝@一情況截止于昨天。還要注意的一個(gè)問題是截止性動(dòng)詞可以有完成時(shí)，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：When I got to school, th

6、e class had begun 如果一定要講開始幾分鐘了則要換用表示狀態(tài)，或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes 語態(tài)：英語中只有主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子中的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：I broke the window 而被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的主語是主動(dòng)語態(tài)句被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要用于，動(dòng)作The window was broken by me 子中的賓語，如：的執(zhí)行者不明確，或沒有必要說出來，如：The New building was built last week 關(guān)鍵要注意的是在主動(dòng)語

7、態(tài)中有省略不定式符號(hào)to的動(dòng)詞，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)要還原，如： 主動(dòng)語態(tài) I saw him come in.被動(dòng)語態(tài) He was seen to come in. 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義，它只不過與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，形成了時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、構(gòu)成了疑問句，否定句，以及用來加強(qiáng)語氣。而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則表達(dá)一種可能、必要、允許、愿望、猜測的意圖、傾向。也用來表示語氣的委婉和祝愿。初中階段主要有：can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。 最后要談?wù)摰氖欠侵^語動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞分為不定式，和動(dòng)詞的ing形式

8、，(即現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞)。雖然在初中范圍，這一項(xiàng)不是語法重點(diǎn)，但還是要花一定時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí)，為的是打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提供良好的條件。不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語。如：To see is to believe.(百聞不如一見) He want to see a film 還可以作補(bǔ)足語，如：He wants me to leave.也可以作狀語，如：I come here to learn English.動(dòng)名詞也可以起到上述作用，如：Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而現(xiàn)在分詞多用于作定語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語，如： The g

9、irl driving a car is her sister.(定語) Did you notice his hand shaking?(賓語補(bǔ)足語) Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(狀語) (二) 例題解析 1.Mr. Zhang asked me the words again. D. reading C. to read B. reads A. read 答案 C. 析 ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。 2.You play on the road. Its dangerous. A. mustnt

10、 B. may C. can D. must 答案 A. 析 must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。 3.Mr. Brown in Beijing since 1993. A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked 答案 D. 析 句中有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，因此句中要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 4.I a letter when my mother came in. A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write 答案 C. 析 當(dāng)母親進(jìn)來時(shí)是一個(gè)瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)作，而寫信是一個(gè)長動(dòng)作，所以寫信這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

11、，表示在寫信過程中發(fā)生的另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作。 . 5.Its not an important party, you neednt A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it 答案 D. 析 pay for-為某物，某人付款，wear out-穿壞，磨破，tryout-選拔，挑選，而dress up-梳妝打扮。 6.Can I a bike from him? A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow 答案 D. 析 borrow something from為向某人某處借某物。而lend,

12、 return, give后面的介詞應(yīng)用to。 7.- Must I stay at home? - No, you . A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. can not 答案 B. 析 neednt 為沒有必要必須做某事，而mustnt為禁止做，can not為不能做。根據(jù)題意是：你不一定待在家里。 8 - How long have you here? - About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 答案 A. 析 have been here是個(gè)狀態(tài)，可以與后面的長時(shí)間狀語連接，而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞

13、都是瞬間動(dòng)詞。 9. Stamps by people for sending letters. A. use B. using C. used D. are used 答案 D. 析 這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，意為郵票被人們用來發(fā)信。 10 The radio says Tianjin will be tomorrow. A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy 答案 D. 析 rainy為形容詞作表語。 11. If you dont know this word, in the dictionary. A. look for it B. look at it C. l

14、ook after it D. look it up 答案 D. 有關(guān)的詞組有：look查字典，與look up 析 look about 四周環(huán)視 look after 照顧 look around 周圍，四處看 look at 看 look back 回顧 look for 尋找 look forward to 期待 look out 當(dāng)心 look like 看上去像 12. My father told me play on the street. A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not 答案 C. 析 不定式的否定式是not to do somet

15、hing. 13. There is going to an English party this evening. A. be B. has C. have D. is 答案 A. 析 這里是there be 無生命的有加助動(dòng)詞的句型，即there will be,而沒有there have 的句型。 14. There no bus stop here last year. A. is B. was C. are D. were B. 答案 析 last year為去年，所以用過去時(shí)。而there be 句型的單復(fù)數(shù)要看be動(dòng)詞之后離之最近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is a p

16、en and two pencils on the desk. 15. Our school will hold a sports meeting if it tomorrow. A. isnt rain B. rains C. wont rain D. doesnt rain 答案 D. 析 在狀語從句中應(yīng)用一般時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來。 16. Bikes mustnt everywhere. A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting 答案 A. 析 這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。與put有關(guān)的詞組如下： put away 放好 put off 推遲 put on 穿上 p

17、ut out 撲滅 put down 放下 17. Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei Harbin. A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to 答案 B. 是去過某處。has been to 析 18. Its cold today youd better more coats. A. put on B. take off C. to put on D. to take off 答案 A. 析 d better 其后加不帶to的不定式，而put on 為穿上。 19. Henry a b

18、irthday card for Sam yesterday. A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy 答案 C. 析 因句中的yesterday為表達(dá)過去的時(shí)間狀語，所以應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。? 20. When I got to the factory, the workers about the film. A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked 答案 C. 析 狀語從句中所用的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，則主句中也要與之呼應(yīng)。而工人們?cè)谡務(wù)撾娪盀橐婚L時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。? 21

19、. No hurry, please your time. A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch A. 答案 析 take ones time 慢慢來別著急。? 22. I enjoy the light music. A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear 答案 B. 析 enjoy 與 finish其后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 23. Please as soon as you get there. A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D.

20、wake up me 答案 A. 析 ring up打電話，而wake up喚醒。英文中有很多動(dòng)詞詞組如其賓語是代詞時(shí)，一定要放在動(dòng)詞與介詞之間。? 24. When I , I want to be a teacher. A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up 答案 B. 析 grow up 長大。而狀語從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，即使主句也用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但它含有將來之意。 to have a talk with me. 25. I called him and he A. stop B. stops C. stoped D. stop

21、ped 答案 D. 析 這是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。 26? - Would you please me an eraser, Lucy? ?- Certainly. Here you are. A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent 答案 B. 析 would you please其后接不帶to的不定式即動(dòng)詞原形，而borrow為借入而lend為借出。 27. Trees in spring. A. plant B. were planted C. should be planted D. should plant 答案 C. 析 s

22、hould用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中表示應(yīng)該，而此句又是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 28? - Wheres your father? - He to Paris. D. has gone C. went B. goes A. go 答案 D. 析 has gone 是已去某處了，不在這里了。所以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作影響到現(xiàn)在。 29. - Must I finish my homework in class now? - No, you . You can do it at home. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. can 答案 C. 析 neednt表示沒有必要一定要這樣做。由mu

23、st提問，肯定句用must，否定句用neednt.? 30. Thank you very much for your book me. A. lending, to B. lent, to C. borrow, from D. borrowing ,from 答案 A. 析 for是介詞，要用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。 31. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from the earth away. A. blowing B. blow C. blows D. to blow A. 答案 析 stopfrom doing something. 阻止某人

24、或某物作某事。 32 The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it fine tomorrow. A. will be B. is C. shall be D. was 答案 B. 33. Our teacher always tells us in the street. Its too dangerous. A. dont play B. not to play C. to play D. not play 答案 B. 析 不定式的否定式為not to do。 34. English is a useful langua

25、ge. It widely in the world. A. is spoken B. was spoken C. can speak D. will speak 答案 A. 析 本句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 35. The kite is flying high in the sky. It a bird. D. looks after C. looks for B. looks like A. looks at 答案 B. 析 look like 像，其中l(wèi)ike 為介詞。 36. - Look! Whats Wang Ping doing over there? - She under a big

26、tree. A. sings B. sang C. has sung D. is singing 答案 D. 37. You see a doctor. Youve got a bad cold. A. will B. are going to C. had better D. could 答案 C. 析 had better 最好，意為一種真心的勸告。? 38. Your radio is too loud. Would you please ? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn down it D. to turn it down 答案

27、B. 析 would you please 后面加動(dòng)詞原形。? tomorrow? 39. Could you tell me if it A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 答案 C. 析 if從句是賓語從句，而不是狀語從句。所以還是要用將來時(shí)，而不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 40. Suddenly one of the bags the truck and landed in the middle of the road. A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be ? 答案 C. 析

28、fall off 掉落，與off有關(guān)的詞組有? see off 送行 give off 散發(fā) shut off 關(guān)閉 kick off 踢掉 turn off 關(guān)閉 get off 下車 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脫下 pay off 付清 41. He at this school since two years ago. A. was B. has been C. is D. will be 答案 B. 析 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)與完成時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。 42. She doesnt know . D. where to do C. how to do B

29、. what to do A. when to do 答案 B. 析 when, how, where均為疑問副詞，而what為疑問代詞，又因do是及物動(dòng)詞需要賓語。如用疑問副詞時(shí)應(yīng)為when to do it, how to do it, where to do it. 43 Must older people to politely. A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken 答案 D. 析 這句話的主動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)為People must speak politely to older people?對(duì)年齡較大的人講話應(yīng)有禮貌。 44. Teach

30、ers usually ask their students loudly in class. A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke 答案 A. 析 ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。? 45. - Where is Mr. Zhang? - Look! He on a big machine over there. D. has worked C. is working B. worked A. works 答案 C. 析 由look, listen等詞開始的句子一般要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 46. Theres a

31、 football match. Please the TV at once. Lets watch together. A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on 答案 A. 析 turn on 打開。與turn有關(guān)的詞組有： turn against 背叛 turn on 打開 turn +顏色 變?yōu)槟撤N顏色 turn off 關(guān)閉 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn) turn to 翻到某頁 turn into 變?yōu)?turn up 向上翻 47. Please tell me where have our picnic tomorrow. A. we

32、will B. will we C. will D. will you 答案 A. 析 where 引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句，而不是狀語從句。 48 We English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now. A. learn B. have learned C. has learned D. will learn B. 答案 析 for+表示一段長度的時(shí)間詞，應(yīng)與完成時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。 49. At last, Lin Feng made the baby and begin to laugh. A. stop t

33、o cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying 答案 B. 析 make somebody do (or doing) something, stop doing 意為停止做某事。 50 Our classroom must clean every day. A. keep B. to keep C. be kept D. to be kept 答案 C. 析 應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 51. I hear there a sports meeting in our school next week.? A. is going to ha

34、ve B. will have? C. is going to be D. are going to be 答案 C. 析 這是hear 的賓語從句是there be 句型。而且是用了be going to形式。 this coat with you. 52. Its getting colder, Peter. Youd better A. bring B. carry C. take D. get 答案 C. 析 bring 帶來，take 帶走。 ?53? Our classroom is clean and tidy. It every day. A. cleans B. is cle

35、aning C. cleaned D. is cleaned 答案 D. 析 這里表達(dá)的是經(jīng)常的一種狀態(tài)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 54. If you are not careful in the street, a car may you. A. hurt B. hit C. run D. catch 答案 B. 析 hit撞上，碰上，擊中 55 The farmers were busy ready for the next year. A. got B. getting C. to get D. get 答案 B. 析 be busy后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。 正誤辨析) 三( 誤

36、 She laid down and soon fell asleep. 正 She lay down and soon fell asleep. 析 考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放，lie躺，lie說謊。它們的過去時(shí)、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下： lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物動(dòng)詞) lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物動(dòng)詞) lie (說謊) lied， lied， lying 誤 Please rise your hand. 正 Please raise your hand. 析 rise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語，如：The s

37、un rises in the east.而raise是及物動(dòng)詞。 誤 I like to swim very much, but I dont like swimming this afternoon. 正 I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. 析 like作為喜歡講時(shí)，可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，但接動(dòng)名詞但? 特殊性的動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、時(shí)多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。要注意的是like 與would連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?

38、 再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，like作為介詞像講時(shí)，只能用分詞作其賓語。 誤 Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice? 正 Stop! Did you hear a strange voice? 析 hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么，而listen to 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同，look重于看的傾向，而see重于看見沒看見。 誤 Did you watch some film recently? 正 Did you see som

39、e film recently? 析 英語中see 與 watch 各有不同的用處，see用于看電影、劇目，而watch用作看電視和看球賽。 誤 Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling. 正 Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling. 析 hang有兩個(gè)含義， 掛，它的過去時(shí)與過去分詞是hung， hung; 絞刑，這時(shí)它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged， hanged。 誤 How long can I borrow this book? How long can I keep

40、 this book? 正 析 借在英文中有三個(gè)詞， 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you. 借多久要用keep, 因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞，而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如 How long can I keep it 誤 We have won your class. 正 We have beaten your class. 析 win是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語，應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等，如：We won the

41、 game. 誤 I left my key. 正 I forgot my key. 正 I left my key at home. 析 leave是丟下，其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語，而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語。 誤 Oh! Its raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you. 正 Oh! Its raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you. 析 bring為帶來如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take為帶走，fet

42、ch為去某處取什么回來，如：Please fetch some coffee for us? take back 拿走? take away 如：有關(guān)的詞組，take要熟記的是在初中課文中與收回 take down 取下?take off 脫下 takeout 拿出 take place 發(fā)生? take hold of 拿住 take part in 參加 take a seat 坐下take ones place 替代 take a look 看看 take ones turn 輪流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 別著急?ta

43、ke ones time 慢慢來 take ones temperature 測量體溫 誤 The policeman reached his gun. 正 The policeman reached for his gun. 析 reach作到達(dá)講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：I reached the hotel at 830?但作伸手去拿，則要用reach for something。作為到達(dá)講時(shí)還有arrive (in+大地方)(at較小的地方)和get to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有： get back 回來 get in 收割 get into 進(jìn)入 get off 下車? get on

44、 上車 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達(dá) get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 與人相處融洽 get 加比較級(jí)為變得如何，例如： get colder and colder. 誤 This dictionary spent me five dollars. 正 This dictionary cost me five dollars. 析 英文中的花費(fèi)有4個(gè)spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 與pay所在句中的主語應(yīng)為人，如：I spent two hours in doing my

45、homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而cost與take的主語則是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book. 誤 In summer I always sleep with the windows opened. 正 In summer I always sleep with the windows open. 正 I always sleep with the windows closed. 析 要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過去分詞作形容詞。 誤 Please wai

46、t a minute. Im having on my clothes. 正 Please wait a minute. Im putting on my clothes. 析 英語中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著打扮，還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示狀態(tài)，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)穿衣講時(shí)其后賓語不應(yīng)接衣物，

47、而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldnt dress themselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，如：He is dressed in white. 誤 My computer cant begin. Could you find someone to help me 正 My computer cant start. Could you find someone to help me 析 begin與start均可指開始，而且常常可以互換，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情

48、況下不宜用begin 而要用start, 當(dāng)作機(jī)器My car cant start. There must be something wrong with 如：發(fā)動(dòng)講，開動(dòng)、it. 作為旅途開始講，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road. 誤 Im very glad because I have founded my lost key. 正 Im very glad because I have found my lost key. 析 find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它的過去式和過去分詞是fou

49、nd, found，而found又是另外一詞建立，它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式與過去分詞是founded founded, 如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 誤 Please. Lets speak in English. 正 Please. Lets speak English. 正 Please. Lets talk in English. 誤 Can you speak it English? 正 Can you say it in English? 析 英文中說有4個(gè)常用詞say, tell, speak, talk.其

50、中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接語言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say 與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用雙賓語，如：Tell us a story.但用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語。如： Tell the truth. Can you say Japanese from Chinese? 誤 正 Can you tell Japanese from Chinese? 析 tellfrom為固定詞組，即分辨兩者的不同。 誤 Excuse me

51、, did I step on your foot? 正 Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot? 析 excuse me用于未打擾對(duì)方前，以提醒對(duì)方注意的用語，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?誤 Would you care for to swim with us? 正 Would you care to swim with us? 析 care for 后接不定式時(shí)，要省略for,或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作照顧講時(shí)與look after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞

52、組有： ask for 請(qǐng)求 call for 接人，請(qǐng)人 care for 關(guān)心? go in for 從事 answer for 負(fù)責(zé) look for 尋找 wait for 等待 send for 請(qǐng)人 pay for 付款? search for 尋找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 準(zhǔn)備? thank somebody for something 為某事向某人道謝。 Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it. 誤 正 Do you understand it? Yes, I got it. 析 understand這一詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如同感觀動(dòng)詞love、hate I got it 是美語，即I understood it。要記住get 作為到達(dá)講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如：Ill get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組如下： belong to 屬于 come to 蘇醒 point to (at) 指著