GMAT考試-2011年8月gmat作文機(jī)經(jīng)AI(至8.14)(3)

1、GMAT考試:2011年8月gmat作文機(jī)經(jīng)Al(至 8.14)(3)35. 人們是不是應(yīng)該不遵守那些他們認(rèn)為不公正的法律?！?There are two types of laws : just and unjust. Every in dividual in a society has a resp on sibility to obey just laws and， even more importantly ， to disobey and resist unjust laws?！庇袃煞N法律：公正和不公正的。每個(gè)社會(huì)成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正 的法律，但更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的

2、法律。論證分析：當(dāng)我們面對(duì)司法改革，提出探討司法理念時(shí)，往往會(huì)以“什么是 司法的公正”、“什么是法官的美德”等這樣的形式提出問(wèn)題。這種形式的問(wèn)題 所問(wèn)的是關(guān)于一般的公正和美德的問(wèn)題。 在司法的實(shí)踐中，對(duì)于具體 的判決，人們一般是能夠評(píng)判是否公正的，而問(wèn)題是評(píng)判有無(wú)共性 呢？如果不存在，那么人們的評(píng)判又是以什么為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的呢？如果存 在，那它又是怎樣存在的呢？存在于哪里？而依照西方哲學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)， 這種存在于我們可感知的具體事物之外的東西就是法的理念。眾所周知，亞里土多德曾說(shuō)過(guò)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)法治必須具備兩個(gè)因素： 其一，所有人都服從法律；其二，被遵守的法律本身是良好的法律。亞里土多德的說(shuō)法看似全面，但在實(shí)踐中

3、可能并不有效。比如什 么是良法，比如有人對(duì)允許墮胎、 安樂(lè)死、同性戀的法律持有尖銳 不同的觀點(diǎn)。有人認(rèn)為允許墮胎維護(hù)了女性的自身權(quán)利， 允許安樂(lè)死和同性戀 表現(xiàn)了對(duì)個(gè)人自由意志和愿望的尊重；有人則認(rèn)為允許墮胎是不人道 的，沒(méi)有保護(hù)胎兒的生存權(quán)利，允許安樂(lè)死違背了人的生存主旨，允 許同性戀則敗壞了社會(huì)的道德風(fēng)氣。 在這種情況下，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定誰(shuí) 的觀念是正確的？我們又依據(jù)什么權(quán)力和所謂的理性剝奪和否定另外一些人的觀念呢？此外，人們對(duì)某一事物的好壞認(rèn)識(shí)會(huì)隨時(shí)間的推移而發(fā)生變 化，從前認(rèn)為良好的法律現(xiàn)在可能認(rèn)為不好，這時(shí)又怎么辦呢？因此， 當(dāng)認(rèn)為某些法律不是良好的法律時(shí)，人們便會(huì)認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有服從的義

4、務(wù)，這樣便會(huì)出現(xiàn)不服從法律的現(xiàn)象。進(jìn)而言之，堅(jiān)持“良好的法律”這一概念可能會(huì)使法治處于困難的境地。范文：Should we obey an unjust law ？ Accord ing to the theory of Jean-JacquesRousseau ， 18th century French politicalphilosopher ， in a democratic society the state represe nts the gen eral will of the citize ns ， and that in obey ing its laws each citiz

5、en is pursuing his own real interests. Thus， in an ideal state ， laws express the gen eral will. An in dividual who disagrees with a law must be faili ng to look at thi ngs from the moral standpoint. Rousseau is talking about an ideal state where laws express people s general will ， a will that aims

6、 at the com mon good. But the questi on is: are we liv ing in anideal state and do all the laws of our land express the com mon will of the people and should we obey all the laws eve n if they are unjust ？ The answer to this question can be different for differe nt people36. Scie ntists are continu

7、ally redefi ning the sta ndards for what is ben eficial or harmful to the en vir onment. Si nee thesestandards keep shifting , companies should resist changing their products and processes in resp onse to each new recomme ndati onun til those recomme ndatio nsbecomegover nment regulati ons. ”“科學(xué)家在不斷

8、重新制定對(duì)環(huán)境什么是有利的，什么是有害的的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不停變動(dòng)，面對(duì)新建議，公司應(yīng)該保持他們的產(chǎn) 品和流程不變直到新的建議成為國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為止?！碧峁┯^點(diǎn)：1. 科學(xué)家的建議也并不一定都是正確的。很有可能他的結(jié)論適 用面很窄?；蛘咚玫降臄?shù)據(jù)有錯(cuò)誤等等。2. 對(duì)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)頻繁的變更產(chǎn)品和生產(chǎn)流程會(huì)造成很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失3. 誠(chéng)然等待國(guó)家制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很可能存在滯后等問(wèn)題但是比較起來(lái)以上的問(wèn)題還是應(yīng)該等待國(guó)家制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外一個(gè)折中的方案是國(guó)家成立專(zhuān)門(mén)的機(jī)構(gòu)快速地對(duì)新的方案和建議做出評(píng)價(jià)并迅速制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)北美范文：The speaker argues that because scientists conti

9、nually shift viewpoints about how our actions affect the natural environment ， companies should not change their products and processes accord ing to scie ntific recomme ndati ons un til the gover nment requires them to do so. This argume nt raises complex issues about the duties of bus in ess and aboutregulatory fair ness and effective ness. Although a wait-and-seepolicy may help companies avoid costly andunnecessary changes ， three countervailingconsiderationscompel me to disagree overall with the argume nt.First， a regulatory system of environmentalprotectionmight not operate equi