[專業(yè)英語考試復習資料]專業(yè)八級分類模擬535

1、專業(yè)英語考試復習資料專業(yè)八級分類模擬535專業(yè)英語考試復習資料專業(yè)八級分類模擬535專業(yè)八級分類模擬535PART LANGUAGE USAGE Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, making up a large proportion of thos

2、e 1 are living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners 2 on their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle 3 choice. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, since being together suggested warmth and light. But then came 4 along the idea of singles. The

3、y were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much rooms for relationships. Pimpi 5 Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get alone be

4、cause he has too much work. 6 I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fair 7 difficult. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, an author of a recent book called The 8 Single Woman and Prince Charming, thought this very new 9 individualism means t

5、hat people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last longif they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. She says shed never have wanted to do that her mot

6、her didgive up 10 a career to raise a family. Instead, Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life. 1.答案:makingmake解析 動詞形式錯誤。while引導的狀語從句缺少謂語，因此making使用錯誤，應該改為make作從句的謂語。2.答案:第一個areare解析 系動詞冗余。此處代詞those是介詞of的賓語，living alone是分詞作定語修飾those，are是多余的。3.答案:onin解析 介詞誤用。表示“在歲的年齡”時用“in on

7、es+年齡數(shù)字+s”。4.答案:sincewhile解析 連詞誤用。這里主句說“獨居被認為是消極的：黑暗而又寒冷”；從句說“和別人同住則意味著溫暖和光明”，可見主句與從句之間是對比關系，不是因果關系，因此應該使用while。5.答案:roomsroom解析 名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。room當“空間”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，如果是可數(shù)名詞則表示“房間”。這里是說“更加努力地工作使人們沒有發(fā)展情侶關系的空間了”，因此應該使用不可數(shù)名詞。6.答案:alonelonely解析 近義詞誤用。alone是表語形容詞，表示“單獨的”，而lonely則表示“孤獨的，寂寞的”。本句說“35歲獨居的作曲家Pimpi Arroy

8、o說因為有太多的事要做，他根本沒有時間體會孤獨和寂寞。”因此使用lonely。7.答案:fairfairly解析 詞性混用。此處修飾的是形容詞difficult，因此應該使用fair的副詞形式fairly，意為“很，非?！?。8.答案:anan解析 冠詞冗余。此處author of a recent book.是Kaufmann的同位語，二者是完全對等關系，不需要使用冠詞。9.答案:thoughtthinks解析 時態(tài)錯誤。文章通篇用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，且此處主語是單數(shù)，因此應該使用thinks，而不是thought。10.答案:thatwhat解析 從句引導詞誤用。這里do后面的句子是賓語從句，連

9、詞既要作wanted to do的賓語，又要作從句中did的賓語，因此使用what。 The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar

10、 and 11 Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins interpretation for why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that 12 assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice could be reexamin

11、ed, and that explanations for the different 13 treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by 14 arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the

12、Handlins 15 contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections for this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately 16 demonstrate that the White servants position was improving during and after the 1660s; some

13、act of the Maryland and Virginia 17 legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins interpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of 18 legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves.

14、 But 19 this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited statusthe two attributes of true slaveryyet in other cases it included both. The Handlins a

15、rgument includes the real 20 possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people. 11.答案:thethe解析 冠詞冗余。in fact表示“事實上，實際上”，此處的the是多余的。12.答案:forof解析 介詞誤用。for表示原因、目的、對象等關系，而of表示從屬、描述關系，這句話中why引導的定語從句說明的是interpretation，所以應該使用of表示“對的解釋”。13.答案:couldshould或

16、者could解析 虛擬語氣錯誤。該句中suggests表示“建議”，引導的賓語從句應使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞為“should+動詞原形”，should可省略，因此把could改成should或者去掉。14.答案:explainsexplain解析 主謂不一致。由上文可知，The Handlins是指Oscar和Mary Handlin夫妻兩人，故謂語動詞應為復數(shù)。15.答案:thatof解析 介詞缺失。that指代的是position，文章要表達的意思是“相對于黑人傭人，白人傭人的地位不斷上升”，因此后面是物主屬格形式。此處從句謂語動詞用過去進行時，表示當時的一種狀態(tài)；relative to表示

17、“相對于”。16.答案:forto解析 介詞誤用。該句的含義是“對這種觀點有幾個重要的反對意見。”objection表示“反對”時，與介詞to連用。17.答案:actacts解析 名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。act作名詞表示“法令，法案”時為可數(shù)名詞，并且句子謂語動詞indicate沒有使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可推斷act應是復數(shù)形式。18.答案:histheir解析 代詞誤用。根據(jù)文章可知，the Handlins表示漢德林夫婦二人，所以這里的物主代詞應該使用their。19.答案:truethat解析 從句引導詞缺失。It在這里作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句，其中that不可省略。20.

18、答案:includesexcludes解析 語義錯誤。通篇來看，Handlin夫婦的論點中隱含的意思是：最初黑人和白人都是傭人，地位是同等的，只是后來白人傭人的地位上升，才使得黑人傭人的地位相對下降，變成奴隸，所以他們的觀點排除黑人和白人從來都沒有被平等對待的可能性，所以應將includes改為excludes。 We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that single sound of articulated sp

19、eech is not, as such, a linguistic element at all. For all that, speech is so inevitably bound up with sounds and its 21 articulation that we can hardly avoid giving the subject of phonetics some general consideration. Experience has shown that neither the purely formal aspects of a language or the

20、course of its history can be 22 fully understood without reference with the sounds in which this form 23 and this history are embodied. The feeling that the average speaker has of his language is that it is built up, acoustically speaking, of a comparatively small number of distinctive sounds, each

21、of which is 24 rather accurately provided for in the current alphabet by one letter or, in few cases, by two or more alternative letters. As for the 25 languages of foreigners, he generally feels that, aside from a few striking differences that cannot escape even the critical ear, the 26 sounds they

22、 use are the same as those he is familiar with but that there is a mysterious accent to these foreign languages, a certainly unanalyzed phonetic character, apart from the sounds as 27 such, that gives them their air of strangeness. This naive feeling is largely illusory on all scores. Phonetic analy

23、sis convinces one that 28 a number of clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences 29 of sounds that are habitually employed by the speakers of a language is greater than they by themselves recognize. 30 21.答案:itstheir解析 代詞誤用。本句中物主代詞指代的是復數(shù)名詞sounds，因此應用their。此處意為“言語與聲音及其發(fā)音之間的關系如此緊密，以至于我們不可

24、避免地要對語音學這門學科進行一些思考。”22.答案:ornor解析 連詞誤用。neither.nor.是固定搭配，意為“既不也不”。本句意思是“經(jīng)驗證明，不管是純粹針對語言形式的研究，還是對于其歷史的研究，都必須參考其發(fā)音，因為發(fā)音是語言形式及其歷史的載體?！眓either.nor.和without連用，雙重否定表肯定。23.答案:withto解析 介詞誤用。refer的名詞形式reference也應與to搭配，意為“參考”。24.答案:distinctivedistinct解析 形近詞誤用。distinctive意為“有特色的”，distinct意為“不同的”。此處意為“一般的語言使用者覺得

25、其母語是由相對少數(shù)不同的聲音組成的。”25.答案:fewa解析 冠詞缺失。a few意為“少量，一些”，表達的是肯定意義；few意為“幾乎沒有”，表否定意義。本句中應該使用a few，in a few cases意為“在少數(shù)情況下”。26.答案:criticaluncritical解析 語義錯誤。critical意為“挑剔的，有批判力的”。通過前面出現(xiàn)的even一詞可知，這里表示“即使是無批判力的耳朵也能夠辨聽出一些明顯的區(qū)別”，因此應使用uncritical“無批判力的”。27.答案:certainlycertain解析 詞性混用。本句中certain意為“某一”，a certain una

26、nalyzed phonetic character意為“某一個未經(jīng)分析的語音學特點”。28.答案:allboth解析 語義錯誤。all表示“三者或三者以上都”，both表示“兩者都”。score作名詞意為“方面，分數(shù)”，根據(jù)下文提到的clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences of sounds可知，語言使用者在兩方面出現(xiàn)了錯覺，一是“可明顯區(qū)分的聲音的數(shù)量”，另一個是“聲音的微小差別的數(shù)量”，因此應使用both。29.答案:athe解析 冠詞誤用。a number of意為“許多”；the number of意為“的數(shù)量”

27、。根據(jù)后文中出現(xiàn)的greater一詞可推斷此處應該指“數(shù)量”。因此應該把a改為the。本句意為“語音分析使人確信，可被清晰辨別的聲音的數(shù)量以及語言使用者習慣使用的聲音之間細微差別的數(shù)量都比他們自己意識到的多很多?！?0.答案:byby解析 介詞冗余。by themselves意為“獨自”，但本句表達的意思是“他們自己所意識到的”。themselves位于they后面作同位語，前面無需加by。PART WRITING問題:1. The following two excerpts are about school uniform, a uniform that is worn by studen

28、ts primarily for a school or otherwise educational institution. From the excerpts, you can find that school uniforms have both supporters and opponents. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the opinions from both sides briefly, and then 2. express your opinio

29、n towards school uniforms, especially whether schools should require their students to wear school uniforms. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your article

30、 on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. Excerpt 1 It is difficult to trace the origins of uniforms as there is no comprehensive written history but rather a variety of known influences. Although uniforms can often be considered conservative and old-fashioned, uniforms in recent years have changed as societal dress c

31、odes have changed. Little is known prior to the nineteenth century about uniforms, but there certainly are influences dating back to the 13th century. In 1222, the Archbishop of Canterbury ordered monks to wear a specific monastic form of dress. Despite this example, the roots of the modern day unif

32、orm come mostly from the collegiate uniforms in England. Universities, primary schools and secondary schools used uniforms as a marker of class and status, which in turn served as a boundary. As early as the sixteenth century, uniforms were utilised and became more specific as various fashion trends

33、 became undesirable to the university. Traditionally favored by private institutions, school uniforms are being adopted by US public schools in increasing numbers. Almost one in five US public schools required students to wear uniforms during the 2011-2012 school year, up from one in eight in 2003-2

34、004. Mandatory uniform policies in public schools are found more commonly in high-poverty areas. Proponents say that school uniforms make schools safer for students, create a level playing field that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than thei

35、r clothes. Excerpt 2 The opposing side of uniforms have claimed their ineffectiveness using a variety of justifications, a variety of Which have research supporting them. Some of the cons to school uniforms include the following concerns: The primary concern with school uniforms or strict dress code

36、s is that it limits the ability of the student to express themselves. Clothing is viewed as a mean of expression. Making all students wear the same clothes or limiting them to what they can wear can disrupt their sense of identity. Another negative aspect of school uniforms is that it may have a det

37、rimental effect on students self-image. When students have to wear the same outfits, rather than being allowed to select clothes that suit their body types, they can suffer embarrassment at school. Child and teen development specialist Robyn Silverman said that students, especially girls, tend to co

38、mpare how each other looks in their uniforms: As a body image expert, I hear from students all the time that they feel it allows for a lot of comparison. So if you have a body thats a plus-size body, a very tall body, a very short body, those girls often feel that they dont look their best. 答案:范文 Sa

39、y Yes to School Uniforms Love it or loathe it, school uniforms are a part of growing up for countless children around the world. And as for supporters of school uniforms, they spot many positive implications, namely making schools safer for students, creating a level playing field that reduces socio

40、economic disparities, etc. Naturally there also exit opponents who have claimed ineffectiveness of school uniforms using a variety of justifications. In my opinion, the advantages of school uniforms outweigh its disadvantages. Therefore, schools, especially elementary and middle schools, should requ

41、ire their students to wear uniforms. Firstly, it is admitted that a safe and disciplined learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. School uniforms are one positive and creative way to achieve this kind of environment. School uniforms help students be aware of their identity of

42、being a student, and thus help to create a strong sense of school ethos and a sense of belonging to a particular community. As such they help to cultivate conformity in student attitudes and drive up academic standards. Secondly, uniforms act as a kind of social leveler, under which all students are

43、 equal in the eyes of the school and of each other. In institutions without uniforms students are often competitive and worry endlessly about their appearance and the clothes they should wear. Pupils without expensive clothes may be singled out as social outcasts, or laughed at as being from poor backgrounds. For