[專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料]專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬293

1、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬293專業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬293專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬293LANGUAGE USAGE Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading positions in major corporations and private sector organizations, respective of their abilities, said author Linda Wirth. The higher 1 the position, the glaring the gender gap.

2、The ILO said men 2 traditionally rely in old boy networks to climb up the ladder. 3 Women are more invisible in the corporate world but they are less 4 keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle for 5 against sexual harassment. A British study found that women in one company

3、 subjecting to 6 continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used. Protesting and complaining earned them a label of feminist and whining, while trying to 7 be one of the men invited further harassment, the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies i

4、n Britain last year found that just 3 percent of board members are women. In the FTSE top 100 8 companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female managers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 9 British female manag

5、ers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterpartsputting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom

6、 positions. The ILO also reported that the comparative high proportion of women executives in large 10 French companies13 percentwas now falling again from the 1980s levels. 1.答案:respectiveirrespective解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合下文可以看出，此句要表達(dá)的意思是“不管她們的能力如何，在大多數(shù)公司或私營(yíng)組織中，女性都很難取得領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，這種情況幾乎是普遍的。”respective意為“各自的，分別的”，而ir

7、respective才表示“不管的，不顧的”，且通常與of連用。2.答案:glaringmore解析 形容詞比較級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“職位越高，性別差距就越明顯”，由前面的the higher可知后句也應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)，故在glaring前面加more。3.答案:inon解析 固定搭配中的介詞誤用。rely on“依靠，依賴”，為固定搭配，故將in改為on。4.答案:butbecause解析 連詞誤用。上半句說(shuō)“女性在公司中比較隱形化”，下半句說(shuō)“女性不太熱衷于同事間的私下聚會(huì)”，可見(jiàn)下半句是對(duì)上半句的解釋，邏輯上是因果關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。5.答案:forfor解析 介詞冗余。figh

8、t against sth. 意為“為反對(duì)而戰(zhàn)”是固定搭配，這句話的意思是“她們?cè)诜磳?duì)性騷擾的斗爭(zhēng)中也處于劣勢(shì)?！?.答案:subjectingsubjected解析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。subject to是固定搭配，意為“使經(jīng)受，使遭受”，常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句的謂語(yǔ)部分是failed to，而subjected to.作后置定語(yǔ)修飾women。7.答案:athe解析 冠詞誤用。label在這里由后面的of feministandwhining修飾，表特指，應(yīng)該使用定冠詞the限定。8.答案:arewere解析 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。文章通篇采用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主句時(shí)態(tài)也為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用

9、過(guò)去式were。9.答案:counterpartcounterparts解析 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。counterpart表示“與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的人或物”，等同于前面的managers，所以應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.答案:comparativecomparatively解析 詞性混用。結(jié)合上下文看，這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“在法國(guó)的大公司里，女主管的比例相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)要高一些”，應(yīng)使用副詞comparatively來(lái)修飾形容詞high。 The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does n

10、ot occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar and 11 Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins inter

11、pretation for why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that 12 assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice could be reexamined, and that explanations for the different 13 treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins ex

12、plains the appearance of legal slavery by 14 arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the Handlins 15 contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, importan

13、t objections for this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately 16 demonstrate that the White servants position was improving during and after the 1660s; some act of the Maryland and Virginia 17 legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins interpretation is his assumption that

14、 prior to the establishment of 18 legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But 19 this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such

15、discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited statusthe two attributes of true slaveryyet in other cases it included both. The Handlins argument includes the real 20 possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people. 11

16、.答案:thethe解析 冠詞冗余。in fact表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”，此處的the是多余的。12.答案:forof解析 介詞誤用。for表示原因、目的、對(duì)象等關(guān)系，而of表示從屬、描述關(guān)系，這句話中why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是interpretation，所以應(yīng)該使用of表示“對(duì)的解釋”。13.答案:couldshould或者could解析 虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)誤。該句中suggests表示“建議”，引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略，因此把could改成should或者去掉。14.答案:explainsexplain解析 主謂不一致。由上文可知，

17、The Handlins是指Oscar和Mary Handlin夫妻兩人，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。15.答案:thatof解析 介詞缺失。that指代的是position，文章要表達(dá)的意思是“相對(duì)于黑人傭人，白人傭人的地位不斷上升”，因此后面是物主屬格形式。此處從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的一種狀態(tài)；relative to表示“相對(duì)于”。16.答案:forto解析 介詞誤用。該句的含義是“對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)有幾個(gè)重要的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。”objection表示“反對(duì)”時(shí)，與介詞to連用。17.答案:actacts解析 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。act作名詞表示“法令，法案”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，并且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞indicat

18、e沒(méi)有使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可推斷act應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。18.答案:histheir解析 代詞誤用。根據(jù)文章可知，the Handlins表示漢德林夫婦二人，所以這里的物主代詞應(yīng)該使用their。19.答案:truethat解析 從句引導(dǎo)詞缺失。It在這里作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句，其中that不可省略。20.答案:includesexcludes解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。通篇來(lái)看，Handlin夫婦的論點(diǎn)中隱含的意思是：最初黑人和白人都是傭人，地位是同等的，只是后來(lái)白人傭人的地位上升，才使得黑人傭人的地位相對(duì)下降，變成奴隸，所以他們的觀點(diǎn)排除黑人和白人從來(lái)都沒(méi)有被平等對(duì)待的可能性，所

19、以應(yīng)將includes改為excludes。 Second language teaching should focus on encouraging acquisition, and on providing input that stimulates the conscious 21 language acquisition potential all normal human beings have. This does not mean to say, however, that there is not room at all for 22 conscious learning. C

20、onscious learning does have a role, but it is no longer a lead actor in the play. For starters, we mustnt realize that learning does not turn into 23 acquisition. While the idea is that we first learn a grammar rule and 24 then use it so much that it becomes internalized is common and may seem obvio

21、us to many, it is not supported by theory neither by the 25 observation of second language acquirers, who often correctly use rules they have never been taught and dont even remember accurately the rules they have learned. However, there is place for grammar, or the conscious 26 learning of the rule

22、s of a language. Their major role is in the use 27 of the Monitor, which allows Monitor users to produce more correct output when they are given the right conditions to actually use their Monitor, like in some planned speech and writing. 28 So, for correct Monitor use the users must know the rules t

23、hey are 29 applying, and these would need to be rules that are easy to remember and applya very small subset of all of the grammatical rules of a language. It is not worth for language acquisition to teach 30 difficult rules which are hard to learn, harder to remember, and sometimes almost impossibl

24、e to correctly apply. 21.答案:conscioussubconscious解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。后文提到，“這并不意味著有意識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有任何意義”。由此可知，第一句中是說(shuō)“第二語(yǔ)言教學(xué)應(yīng)該注重鼓勵(lì)語(yǔ)言習(xí)得，并提供語(yǔ)言輸入，以激發(fā)所有正常人類所擁有的潛意識(shí)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得潛能”，故將conscious改為subconscious。22.答案:第二個(gè)notno解析 近義詞誤用。修飾名稱room應(yīng)使用名詞或形容詞，not只能當(dāng)副詞用，故將not改為no。23.答案:mustntmust解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。該句意思是“對(duì)于初學(xué)者，我們必須意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)的東西并不能轉(zhuǎn)化成習(xí)得的東西?！备鶕?jù)上下文語(yǔ)境

25、可知，該處表達(dá)的意思是肯定的，故將mustnt改為must。24.答案:isis解析 動(dòng)詞冗余。While the idea.is common and may seem obvious to many為while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，it is not supported.為主句。在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，the idea is common and may seem obvious to many為句子主干，that we first learn a grammar rule and then use it so much that it becomes internalized為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)

26、明the idea，that前不需要加be動(dòng)詞，故將is去掉。該句意為“盡管許多人都認(rèn)為我們學(xué)習(xí)并多加使用某個(gè)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則以使其內(nèi)化。”25.答案:neithernor解析 近義詞誤用。not.nor.表示“既不也不”，故將neither改為nor。26.答案:placea解析 冠詞缺失。place為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且此處并非特指某個(gè)地方，故加上不定冠詞a。27.答案:TheirIts解析 代詞誤用。此處物主代詞指代的是前文中的grammar，為單數(shù)名詞，the conscious learning of the rules of a language作grammar的同位語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用Its。28

27、.答案:likeas解析 詞義混淆。like和as均表示“如同，像一樣”，但是like不可以引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)，而as則可以，故將like改為as。29.答案:SoHowever解析 銜接副詞誤用。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，上文中強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法輸出的精確性，而下文中則著重論述語(yǔ)法輸出簡(jiǎn)單易懂的必要性。由此推知，兩者間的邏輯關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折而非因果關(guān)系，故將So改為However。30.答案:worthworthwhile解析 詞義混淆。worth的意思是“值得的”，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)為worth sth. /doing sth. ；worthwhile的意思是“值得的”，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)為It is worthwhile to do st

28、h. ，故將worth改為worthwhile。 Communication is far more than speech and writing. Most of us are aware that we are communicating in many different ways even 31 when we are not speaking. The same goes to other social animal 32 species. We are rarely taught about this most non-verbal form of 33 human commun

29、ication in school even though it is very important for effective interaction to others. Grown up in a society, we informally 34 learn how to use gestures, glances, slight changes in tone of voice, and other auxiliary communication devices to alter or emphasize how 35 we say and do. We learn these hi

30、ghly culture bound techniques over years largely by observing others and imitating them. Linguists refer to all of these auxiliary communication methods 36 paralanguage. It is part of the redundancy in communication that helps prevent ineffective communication. It can prevent the wrong message from

31、inadvertently being passed on, as is often as the case 37 in a telephone call and even more so in a letter. The paralanguage messages that can be observed through face-to-face contact also makes it more difficult to lie or to hide emotions. 38 Paralanguage is often less important in communication th

32、an 39 what is actually being said orally. It has been suggested that as much as 70% of what we communicate when talking directly with others are through paralanguage. 40 31.答案:awareunaware解析 語(yǔ)義錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，此處句意為“我們中的大多數(shù)人并未察覺(jué)，即使不說(shuō)話我們也在用別的方式進(jìn)行溝通?！币虼藨?yīng)將aware改為unaware。32.答案:tofor解析 固定搭配中的介詞誤用。the same goes for.為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)某人或某物也是同樣的”。此處意為“(這種現(xiàn)象)在其他社會(huì)動(dòng)物中也同樣存在”。33.答案:mostmostly解析 詞義混用。這里應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾形容詞non-v