英漢翻譯被動(dòng)與主動(dòng)

1、之前總結(jié)過(guò)英漢翻譯宏觀上的句法差異主要有10點(diǎn)：1. 英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義。2. 英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句，漢語(yǔ)多短句。3. 英語(yǔ)多從句，漢語(yǔ)多分句。4. 英語(yǔ)多靜態(tài)，漢語(yǔ)多動(dòng)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)多物稱，漢語(yǔ)多人稱。5. 英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)。6. 英語(yǔ)多變化，漢語(yǔ)多重復(fù)。7. 英語(yǔ)多抽象，漢語(yǔ)多具體。8. 英語(yǔ)多引申，漢語(yǔ)多推理。9. 英語(yǔ)多省略，漢語(yǔ)多補(bǔ)充。10. 英語(yǔ)多前重，漢語(yǔ)多后重。英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（1）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)接受動(dòng)作的人或事物的重要性 我國(guó)各族人民每年都要熱烈慶祝十月一日的國(guó)慶節(jié)。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the

2、Chinese people of all nationalities every year.（2）便于上下文的連貫、銜接。 他出現(xiàn)在臺(tái)上，觀眾給與熱烈鼓掌。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.（3）為了使措辭得當(dāng)、語(yǔ)氣委婉 來(lái)賓請(qǐng)出示入場(chǎng)券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets.Assignment 7Passive vs. Active As we have mentioned in the previous units, the pass

3、ive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)體的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)需要記憶： it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is r

4、egarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人們承認(rèn)，有人主張，有人相信，有人認(rèn)為，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家知道，人們注意到，有人指出，人們認(rèn)為，有人會(huì)說(shuō)，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，有人建議，有人認(rèn)為，人們?cè)f(shuō))Exercise:英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng)（正式文體的要求），漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)。1. 他準(zhǔn)備給我一份工作，這使我大吃一驚。 I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job.2. 很抱歉，因?yàn)橛晏?，參觀博物館得推遲到明天了。 Im sorry to say the v

5、isit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain3. 采取一國(guó)兩制適合中國(guó)國(guó)情, 并非權(quán)宜之計(jì)。One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for Chinas national conditions, not shake-up.4. 那個(gè)孩子受了重傷，醫(yī)院立即把他收下了。The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital

6、.5. 凡是做工，都是把能從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種形式。 All work can be converted from one form into another kind of form.英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)形式。1. 保留原主語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)。The ticket has been sold out. 票賣完了。2. 將英語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)翻譯為賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)增補(bǔ)泛指性詞語(yǔ)，如“人們”“大家”等做主語(yǔ)。it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, i

7、t is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人們承認(rèn)，有人主張，有人相信，有人認(rèn)為，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家知道，人們注意到，有人指出，人們認(rèn)為，有人會(huì)說(shuō)，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，有人建議，有人認(rèn)為，人們?cè)f(shuō))3. 翻譯為漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句。It is hoped that希望It is supposed that據(jù)推測(cè)4. 翻譯為漢語(yǔ)中的判斷句，是的。Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.自然光或者“白光”實(shí)際上是由許多種顏色組成的。5. 翻譯為漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句，漢語(yǔ)被，給，遭到，受到，把，使，用，唯所，由He was left in the cold. 他遭到冷遇。I was troubled by toothache. 我受盡了牙疼的折磨。6. 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示按計(jì)劃或要求表示的動(dòng)作，含有將來(lái)的意思。“要”“將”“待”“應(yīng)”“需”等詞。The chief difficulty to