2014高考英語閱讀理解鞏固精品題練習(xí)（8）及答案

1、祝學(xué)子學(xué)業(yè)有成，取得好成績(jī)2014高考英語閱讀理解鞏固精品題練習(xí)（8）及答案閱讀理解 (2012湖南長(zhǎng)、望、瀏、寧一模，c篇）developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low。carbon economy,a chinese government official said in shanghai yesterday.“china doesnt lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，said zhou ch

2、angyi,director of the energy saving department of the ministry of industry and information technology.“while we can learn many aspects from developed nations,they also should learn something from us，such as water conservation,” zhou said in a speech during the new path of chinas industrilization for

3、um at the ongoing china international industry fair 2009。he said industrilized nations and china are dealing with different issues to combat climate change.the united kingdom，for example，is concerned about transport，buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emmissions。for china,the most urgent tas

4、k is how to realize new.type of industrilization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrilized。as such，overseas exhibitors at this years fair are showing ways to help china achieve low carbon emissions in the industrial section。swiss power and automation technology group abb c

5、alled for a stronger focus on product lifecycle assesment，or lca,which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufaturing stage through its usage and recycling。tobias becker,head of abbs process automation division for north asia and china，said lca is an effect

6、ive tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions。lca shows that industrial customers should focus on a products environmental impact throughout its lifecycle instead of on its initial investment or ready。touse stage.for example，a motors initial investment accounts for only 3 p

7、ercent of its life。cycle cost，while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.richard hausmann，north east asia ceo of siemens，said,“the color of future industrilization is green?！眛he germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion eu

8、ros (us 8。8 billion) for intelligent net power networks,smart grid，over the next five years.siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.a smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology，advanced sensors specialized computer

9、s that save energy，reduce costs and increase reliability.the united states and china are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid。1“_” can replace the underlined word “l(fā)ag”afall behind bbe superior to cattack dfear2which of the following about lca is true?alca is used to study the impact on

10、 a product。blca can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot。clca shows industrial customers should focus on a products environmental influence on its initial investment。dlca was one of the exhibitions at this years fair.3we can infer _ from the eleventh paragraph of this passage.

11、asiemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid businessbsiemens received orders worth 6 billion euros recentlycsiemens will earn $ 8.8 billion from intelligent power networksdsiemens plan about smart grid may come true in the future4_ about smart grid isnt mentioned in the p

12、assage。aenergy。saving blow.cost csecuritydsmall in size5the best title for the passage _.adeveloped and developing nations can learn from each otherblow。carbon economya shared goalcintelligent power networksdtwo biggest markets for smart grid參考答案-71a詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“china doesnt lag developed nations in

13、terms of energy saving and green economy，.?？芍?，就節(jié)能和綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，中國(guó)并不落后于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，所以選擇a項(xiàng)。2b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容可知，lca可以幫助生產(chǎn)企業(yè)減少碳的排放，所以b項(xiàng)正確。3d推理判斷題.由第十一段可知，“智能電網(wǎng)”不僅可以節(jié)能，降低成本,而且還能提高可靠性。美國(guó)和中國(guó)將成為智能電網(wǎng)最大的市場(chǎng)。綜上所述可知,西門子推出的智能電網(wǎng)計(jì)劃得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很大。d項(xiàng)正確.4d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段內(nèi)容沒有提及“智能電網(wǎng)的大小和規(guī)模，所以選擇d項(xiàng)。5b主旨大意題。文章第一段表明發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家就尋求低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上可以互相借鑒，這是他們共

14、同的目標(biāo)。由此可知b項(xiàng)符合。技巧點(diǎn)撥高考英語閱讀理解部分考查的重點(diǎn)之一是考生對(duì)于文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。細(xì)節(jié)題的比重一般為五分之一,換句話說，高考英語閱讀理解的五篇文章中,每篇文章都至少設(shè)有一道細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中闡述主題的細(xì)節(jié)與具體事實(shí)的把握能力,內(nèi)容涉及詢問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。細(xì)節(jié)題屬于淺層理解題，難度較低，答案明確具體，考生一般可以從閱讀材料中直接找到。因此,解答這類試題時(shí),考生應(yīng)快速閱讀材料，抓住其大意后，迅速瀏覽考題，選定關(guān)鍵詞,然后帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞,運(yùn)用查讀法,迅速查找相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)而分析這些信息的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，理清邏輯關(guān)系,最后選出正確答案。 仔細(xì)研究高

15、考英語真題,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),細(xì)節(jié)題主要是針對(duì)文章中的某個(gè)短語、某個(gè)從句或某個(gè)完整的句子而設(shè)置，其中又以針對(duì)句子設(shè)題的情況居多。下面我們將結(jié)合真題,具體分析細(xì)節(jié)題的命題思路、解題方法和技巧. 針對(duì)定語從句的關(guān)系詞設(shè)題 我們知道,英語中的基本句型的語序大致上是固定不變的，但有些時(shí)候，由于表達(dá)的需要，某些句子的成分或位置會(huì)發(fā)生變化,如定語從句中的狀語（關(guān)系副詞）前移等。這種變化往往會(huì)令考生感到迷惑，于是命題者就常常利用這種變化設(shè)置考題。 例1：many years ago， when i was fresh out of school and working in denver, i was drivi

16、ng to my parents home in missouri for christmas. i stopped at a gas station （加油站) about 50 miles from oklahoma city， where i was planning to stop and visit a friend. while i was standing in line at the cash register (收款臺(tái)）, i said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas。 (2006年全國(guó)卷i，b篇）

17、60. the author planned to stop at oklahoma city _。 a。 to visit a friend b。 to see his parents c. to pay or the cash register d. to have more gas for his car 例2:coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis easter island， which lies 1，260 miles east of its nearest nei

18、ghbor， pitcairn island, and 2，300 miles west of south america. the mountainous 64squaremile island was settled around the 5th century， supposedly by people who were lost at sea。 they had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years giving them plenty of time to build more than

19、 1，000 huge stone figures called moai, for which the island is most famous。 （2003年全國(guó)卷，a篇） 57。 which of the following is most famous for moai？ a。 tristan da cunha. b. pitcairn island。 c. easter island。 d. st. helena。 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】解答針對(duì)定語從句設(shè)置的細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，考生一定要認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，聯(lián)系上下文，弄清楚關(guān)系詞所指代的對(duì)象,準(zhǔn)確答題。 針對(duì)易產(chǎn)生歧義的句子設(shè)題 除針對(duì)一些結(jié)構(gòu)上比較

20、特殊的句式設(shè)題之外，有些意義上容易令考生產(chǎn)生誤解的語句也是命題者關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。例如: in the restaurant there is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. the icy glares you receive should be warning that it is not appreciated。 turn your phone off and use your message service

21、 to return calls after you leave. （2005年上海春季卷，b篇） 79。 according to the passage， the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that _. a。 you receive icy glares b。 a nearby diner is answering a phone call c. you have to use the message serviced。 you can not return calls until after you leave 英語中有許多難于理解的

22、句子,下面略舉幾例： （1） 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 they are not working hard at english only for themselves。 他們?cè)谂W(xué)習(xí)英語,這樣做并不僅僅是為了他們自己。 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：they are working hard at english not only for themselves。 (2） 全部否定與部分否定 全部否定:all germs are invisible to the naked eyes. 所有細(xì)菌都不能被肉眼所見. 部分否定:not all worms are visible to the naked eyes。 并不是所有的蟲

23、子都能被肉眼所見。 (3) 含有more than / no more 。. than的句子 the question is more than the boy is able to work out. 這個(gè)男孩是沒有能力解出這道題的. a family without love is no more a home than a body without soul is a man. 就像一個(gè)沒有靈魂的軀體不能稱之為人一樣，一個(gè)沒有愛的家庭就不能稱之為家. 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】解答此類針對(duì)容易產(chǎn)生歧義或難以理解的句子設(shè)置的題型時(shí),考生需結(jié)合平時(shí)積累的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),反復(fù)推敲句意，“去偽存真”,判定句子在文中

24、的準(zhǔn)確意思之后再解題。 針對(duì)上下文或句間的邏輯關(guān)系設(shè)題 閱讀理解文章中，有些句子間雖然沒有明顯的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,但卻形成了邏輯上的因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等，以及含有例證、引用等的句子，這些都可能成為命題人的設(shè)題點(diǎn)。 例1： the left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. the right half controls the left side. * one half of the brain is always dominant （in charge）。 usually, the left brain is dominant

25、， which is why 90% of people are righthanded. (2007年江蘇卷，d篇) 70. from the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that _。 a. their frontal lobe is usually dominant b. their temporal lobe is usually dominant c. their right brain is usually dominant d。 their left brain i

26、s usually dominant c72013天津卷 cpoet william stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours（繞行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals.i like this image。but it was quite by accident that i discovered the deep meaning of his words.for years we made the long drive from our home in sea

27、ttle to my parents home in boise in nine hours.we traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when i was alone with four noisy， restless kids who hate confinement（限制） and have strong opinions about everything。road trips felt risky,so i would drive fast， stopping

28、only when i had to。we would stick to the freeways and arrive tired。but then banner， our lamb was born.he was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to boise。i had two choices： leave banner with my husband， or take him with me.my husband made the decision for me.that is how i found myself

29、on the road with four kids， a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.we took the country roads out of necessity.we had to stop every hour, let banner shake out his legs and feed him.the kids chased him and one another.theyd get back in the car breathless and energized， s

30、melling fresh from the cold air。we explored side roads， catching grasshoppers in waisthigh grass。even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother， or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway.here was life。and new horizons(見識(shí))

31、we eventually arrived at my parents doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.i grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.on an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling.i stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.i p

32、arked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence。some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.but that trip with banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of journeyand th

33、e best part of yourself。46why did the author use to take freeways to her parents home?ait was less tiring。bit would be faster and safer.cher kids would feel less confined。dshe felt better with other drivers nearby.47the author stopped regularly on the country roads to _arelax in the fresh airbtake a

34、 deep breathctake care of the lambdlet the kids play with banner48what does the author discover from the trip according to paragraph 6？afreeways are where beauty hides.bgetting close to nature adds to the joy of life.cenjoying the beauty of nature benefits ones health。done should follow side roads t

35、o watch wild animals.49why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?ato give herself some time to read.bto order some food for them.cto play a game with them。dto let them cool down.50what could be the best title for the passage？acharm of the detourbthe road to bravery

36、ccreativity out of necessitydroad trip and country life【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇記敘文。主要通過作者的經(jīng)歷向讀者解釋了一個(gè)生活哲理：在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過程中通常我們要多繞一些路。在路上比我們直接到達(dá)目的地要收獲更多的東西。46b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“we traveled the way most people do： the fastest, shortest， easiest road, especially when i was alone with four noisy”可知作者在回父母家的路上，為了早點(diǎn)到達(dá)而選擇了高速，而一個(gè)女性單獨(dú)

37、帶著四個(gè)孩子走高速也是為了安全。故選b。47c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“we had to stop every hour， let banner shake out his legs and feed him?！笨芍髡咄Ｏ聛硎菫榱苏疹櫺⊙蚋醔anner.故選c。48b推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者在第六段的描述可知，作者沿著鄉(xiāng)村小路走時(shí),接近自然，既欣賞了美麗的景色，也為自己的旅程增加了快樂。故選b。49d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段“everyone started quarrelingordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.”

38、可知,孩子們?cè)谲嚿蠣?zhēng)吵起來，作者命令他們下車，走著去前面找作者。這樣做的目的是讓孩子們冷靜下來.故選d。50a主旨大意題。作者在第一段借著名詩(shī)人william stafford的話來揭示本文的主題:the detour.再根據(jù)下文的描述，展示了作者在鄉(xiāng)村的路上獲得的快樂，由此可知本文的題目既要有detour又要有與joy相關(guān)的詞匯，選項(xiàng)a正好符合.例2:jim suffered heart problems. in conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was drawing to a close。 w

39、hen his heart problems led to operation, jim went through it successfully， and a full recovery was expected. within days however, his heart was not beating properly。 jim was rushed back to operation， but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness。 he died on the operating table on the day

40、 before his 48th birthday。 (2007年四川卷,b篇） 59。 jim was sent back to operation because _. a. his heart didnt work well b。 he expected a full recovery c。 his life was drawing to a close d. the first one wasnt well performed 例3：what will people die of 100 years from now？ if you think that is a simple que

41、stion, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology (生物技術(shù)). with the help of new medicine， the human body will last a very long time。 death will come mainly from accidents murder and war. todays leading killers such as heart disease, cancer， and aging i

42、tself， will become distant memories. (2007年遼寧卷,a篇) 56. according to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _. a. diseases and aging b. accidents and war c。 accidents and aging d。 heart disease and war 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】閱讀理解題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇題，句子并不是單獨(dú)存在的,而是處于特定的語言環(huán)境中,與上下文相聯(lián)系。因此,考生解題時(shí)不應(yīng)拘泥于某個(gè)單句,而應(yīng)“瞻前顧后”，注意整體聯(lián)系,避免“

43、以偏概全”,準(zhǔn)確解題。 綜上所述，閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)題主要是針對(duì)句子的關(guān)系詞、長(zhǎng)難句的句意或句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系設(shè)置題目,考生只要學(xué)會(huì)分析與題干相關(guān)的信息,厘清其所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu),聯(lián)系上下文準(zhǔn)確理解句子的意思，定能輕松解答細(xì)節(jié)題。 (2011佛山一中月考題) in the earliest stages of mans development he had no more need of money than animals have。 he was content with very simple forms of shelter， made his own rough tools and we

44、apons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him。 as he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter， more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborho

45、od or by the work of his own unskilled hands. for these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths， leather workers or carpenters. it was then that the question of payment arose。 as men became more civilized they _。 a. all learnt to make by themselves the things neededb. had to trave

46、l a lot to look for what they wantedc. wanted better things than those they themselves could provided。 no longer provided food and clothing for themselves【答案及解析】 c從問題的關(guān)鍵詞became more civilized出發(fā)，可以定位到文中與之相關(guān)的語句:as he became more civilized發(fā)現(xiàn)文中用he代替men, 后面的語句however， he began to want better shelter， mor

47、e efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)c，用themselves概括了his own neighborhood和of his own unskilled hands。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題旨在考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。這類試題一般只針對(duì)文章中某一特定的細(xì)節(jié),也可能涉及若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié),或者針對(duì)文章的主要事實(shí),或

48、利用圖形圖表或地圖來表示信息等. 一、提問方式這類題主要是針對(duì)who, what, which, why, how， when， where等來提問的。如：（1)which of the following statements is true / not true / false according to the passage?（2）in the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned?(3）all the following statements are true except _。二、解題技巧1. 高考試

49、題中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要是通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查考生對(duì)英語語言的理解能力。解答這類題可用“尋找題眼，即從問題入手，找到問題中的題眼，有針對(duì)性地掃讀短文，迅速鎖定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)，然后尋找相關(guān)的同義或反義表述，圍繞主旨深刻理解材料.2。 一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思.但正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)與主旨相關(guān)聯(lián).3. 如果問題中含有否定意義的詞語，如有not， except等，要特別留心，不要理解錯(cuò)了，而選相反的答案。三、干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1. 是原文信息，但是不是題目要求的內(nèi)容;2. 符合常識(shí),但不是文章內(nèi)容；3. 與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似

50、，只是在程度或范圍上有些變動(dòng)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題例1 【2008 重慶卷閱讀d篇】 seeing a volcano erupt （噴發(fā)） is a wonderful experience， and you can really feel the beat by climbing to the summit（山頂） of pacaya for a closeup view。 there are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from antigua。 giving travelers a chance to see moth

51、er nature at her most powerful.pacaya is an easy drive from antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its holy week festival. no matter when you come to antigua， you wont miss the pacaya-tour companies。but climbing pacaya is no easy job： it is 2560 metres high, and reaching th