虛擬語氣與習(xí)題3

1、虛擬語氣與習(xí)題11. 動詞wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1) 用wish表示現(xiàn)在的祝愿和抱歉。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語 be用were(was),實義動詞用過去式。例：l wish they were at home this time.2) 用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時，或could+現(xiàn)在完成時。例:l wish I hadn t hurt him so much。3) 用wish表示對將來事情的愿望。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語為would/could/might+動詞原形。例:Iwish I might be able to come

2、tomorrow。2. 用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣1)表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、將來事實相反的假設(shè) 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句:if+主語+動詞的過去式(be變were)+其他主句:主語+would(should, could, might)+動詞原形+其他例:If I were you, I would go with him. 與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句:If+主語+過去完成時+其他主句:主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他。例:If you had studied harder last term, you could h

3、ave passed the exam. 表示對將來事實實現(xiàn)的可能性不大的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句:If+主語+should (were to )+動詞原形+其他主句:主語 +would (could, should, might)+動詞原形例:If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.2.)從句和主句要根據(jù)各自發(fā)所生的時間選用符合具體時間的虛擬語氣形式 從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If they had started the early morni ng yesterday, they would be here now. 從句表示將來，主句

4、表示過去。If I were not to make a preparati on for my experime nt this after noon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。 從句表示過去，主句表示將來。If we had n t made adequate preparati ons, we should n t dare to do the experime nt next week 從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If we should n t have an exam this after noon

5、, I would go shopp ing now.3. 可以引起與事實相反的方式狀語從句，用虛擬語氣;由 as if、as though引起的與事實相反的句子，不論主句的 謂語是現(xiàn)在時或者說過去時，其謂語表示的時間概念和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，都基本上與wish后的賓語從句相同。例：John pretends as if he didnt know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實相 反的假設(shè))The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had

6、 gone back to time 20 years ag用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實)They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would動詞原形，表示與將來事實相反)4. 在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的后面其賓語從句的謂語用“ should動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣常用的此類動詞有：表示 要求”的:ask, desire, request, dema nd, require, beg表示 提議、勸告、建議 ”的:move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示

7、 決定、命令”的:decide, order表示主張”的:ma in tai n, urge表示 同意、堅持 ”的:consent, insist例:The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He in sisted that we (should) tell him the n ews.上述動詞的名詞形式 ,demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion 及 necessity, preferenee

8、, plan, motion, ide等名詞,其后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用“should動詞原形”表示虛擬語 氣?，F(xiàn)代英語，特別是美國英語,常省去“ should例:，The advice is that we (should) leave at on ce.The idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.5. 在“It is (was)形容詞(或過去分詞)+that 結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語從句的謂語也用“should+原形動詞 表虛擬語氣美國英語中省去should,常用的形容詞和過去分詞有：表示 要求”的:required

9、, demanded, requested, desired表示建議”的:suggested, recommended,表示 迫切、緊近、重要 ”的:imperative, urge nt, n ecessary, esse ntial, importa nt, vital表示 適當(dāng)、較好”的:appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示 可能”的:probable, possible表示 命令”的:ordered例:It was n ecessary that we (should) make everythi ng ready ahead of

10、time.It is required that no body (should)smoke here虛擬語氣與習(xí)題26.由下列名詞或短語引導(dǎo)，或含有某些詞的從句中應(yīng)用的虛擬語氣1) “ les以免、惟恐”引導(dǎo)的從句用“ should動詞原形”He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2) “whether管、無論”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，有時用動詞原形。All thi ngs, whether you know or don t know, exist in the world.3) 用“would rather/ha

11、d rather would just as soo表示 寧愿、但愿”后面的賓語從句謂語用過去式或動詞原形 表示對將來的要求，用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望，用過去完成時表示對過去做的事的懊悔。Don t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everyth ing had n t happe ned in the past.4) 用“had hope(表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“wou

12、ld動詞原形”I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.5) 在“It is(high/about)time+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的主謂語用一般過去時，偶爾也可以用would(或 should)+動詞原形，或 had rather (would rather)+動詞原形。It is high (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather l

13、eave/ were leaving注意與 “ This is the fi rst/seco ndtim后從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別。6) 用“without/but for/in the absenee of表示 要不是”如果沒有”相當(dāng)于if it were not for表示條件時，句中一般用虛擬語氣。(也可用陳述語氣)Without your help, I couldnt finish my work on time.In the abse nee of water and air, nothing could live7) 由 “providing (that)/ provided

14、(that)/on eondition that/ in order thal引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可 用虛擬語氣。(有時也可用陳述語氣)They are willi ng surre nder provided they are give n free passage.8) 在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中 若有were, had, should,在書面語中可省去if ,將were等提到主語前，形成倒裝。Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.Were it not for you

15、r help. I would n t be succeed.例 1:Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though out of the office.A. went B. gone C. to go D. would go答案C. to go注釋as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，從句主語和主句主語相同時，從句中可省略主語和部分謂語，如:1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass省略 she wan ted)2) From time to

16、 time Jas on tur ned round as though searchi ng for some on e.省略 he were)3) The boy started, as if awake ned from some dream省略 he were)由此 可見，本題中省略she wanted 譯文克里斯蒂憤怒地盯了老板一眼并轉(zhuǎn)過身去，似乎想走出辦公室。例 2: rd rather you by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. wou

17、ld go B. should go C. went D. had gone答案C. went注釋主語+would rather后接賓語從句，從句中謂語須用虛擬語氣：用一般過去時表示希望現(xiàn)在 或?qū)韺崿F(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài)，用過去完成時表示希望過去實現(xiàn)的行為或狀態(tài)。本題中原因狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，暗示希望現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的行為動作，故選C. wento譯文我寧愿你乘火車去，因為我無法想象在如此惡劣的天氣你呆在飛機里。例 3: For the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as

18、 it is.A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Be it not D. Should it not be答案A. Had it not been虛擬語氣與習(xí)題3注釋本題測試交錯時間的虛擬語氣。 從句是表示過去時間的虛擬條件,if省略，主語it與助動詞had倒裝。虛 擬條件句也可寫成這樣：lf it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。這是重點句型，在各類測 試中?？?。譯文要不是老百姓的及時投資，我們的公司不會像現(xiàn)在這樣興旺。例 4: The millions of

19、 calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were fini shed.A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost答案B. would have lost注釋從句是省略if的虛擬條件句，謂語部分倒裝，故主句謂語為would have+過去分詞。譯文所涉及到的數(shù)百萬次計算，如果用手工操作，到它們完成時已失去全部實用價值。例 5: A safety an alysis t

20、he target as a pote ntial dan ger. Un fort un ately, it was n ever done.A. would ide ntify B. will ide ntifyC. would have identified D. will have identified答案C. would have identified注釋過去時間的虛擬語氣表示過去要做而沒有做的事。譯文一次安全隱患分析本來會確認這個目標是潛在的危險。不幸的是，這樣的分析從未做過。例 6: In the past men gen erally preferred that their

21、wives in the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were work ing答案C. work注釋因為prefer佇愿)是欲望動詞，其后所接的賓語從句中謂語需用(should)+動詞原形。譯文過去男子一般都愿意他們的妻子在家里工作。例 7: When Edis on died, it was proposed that the America n people all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minu tes in honor of this gre

22、at man.A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off答案A. turn off 注釋propose是欲望動詞，后接的賓語從句或主語從句中謂語要用虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形。譯文愛迪生去世時，有人建議，為紀念這位偉人美國人民應(yīng)關(guān)掉家中、街上和工廠里的全部電源幾分鐘。例 8: I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was uninten ti on al.A. offend B. had offen ded C. should have offen

23、 ded D. might have offen ded答案B. had offended注釋本題測試交錯時間的虛擬條件句。was暗示，事情發(fā)生在過去，所以虛擬條件句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用表示過去時間的虛擬形式。譯文假如我曾經(jīng)冒犯過你，我現(xiàn)在向你道歉，但我向你保證，這不是故意的。例 9: The board deemed it urge nt that these files right away.A. had to be printed B. should have been printedC. must be prin ted D. should be pr in ted答案D. should

24、 be printed注釋因為urge nt是欲望形容詞，在句中作形式賓語it的補足語,所以賓語從句中的謂語需用虛擬語氣:(should)+動詞原形(主動態(tài)或被動態(tài))。譯文董事會認為，迫在眉睫的是馬上把這些檔案印出來。例 10: There is a real possibility that these ani mals could be frighte ned, a sudde n loud no iseA. being there B.should there be C. there was D. there hav ing bee n答案B. should there be注釋shou

25、ld there be表示虛擬條件句中將來時間的謂語形式，if省略所以should與there倒裝。譯文要是有一聲巨響，這些動物會受到驚嚇，這是有現(xiàn)實可能性的。虛擬語氣強化訓(xùn)練1. Were it not for the snowy weather, weall right.A. would be B. would have bee n C. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the capta in were B. Had the capta in bee n C. Should the cap

26、ta in beD. If the capta in would have bee n3. If heme tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have bee n able C. were not able D. are not able4. If you asked your father, youpermissi on.A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get5. today, he would get there by Frid

27、ay.A. Would he leave B. Was he leav ing C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had bee n C. Will be D. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last electi on, heour chairma n now.A. must have bee n B. would have bee n C. were D. would be8. the

28、 En glish exam in ati on I would have gone to the concert last Sun dayA. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for9. Look at the terrible situatio n I am in! If only Iyour adviceA. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed10. If the horse won today, itthirty races in five years.A.

29、 would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there hav ing bee n12. If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we dthere by now.A. be B. ci

30、rcles C. is circli ng D. be circli ng13. I wish Iwith her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were14. The picture exhibiti on bored me to death. I wish Ito it.A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone15. George would certai nly have atte nded the meeti ng,.A. if he didn t get a fl

31、atBtire the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself16. The teacher suggested that her stude ntsexperie nces with ESP.A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compos

32、itions for his17. He speaks Chin ese as flue ntly as if hea Chin ese.A. were B. had bee n C. is D. has bee n18. Look ing round the tow n, he felt as though heaway for ages.A. has bee n B. was C. is D. had bee n19. Most in sura nee age nts would rather youanything about collect ing claims un til they

33、 inv estigate thesituation. A. do B. don t. didn D.didn t do20. It is importa nt that the TOEFL officeyour registratio n.A. will con firm B. con firm C. con firms D. must con firm21. Without electr onic computers, much of today s adva need tech no logy.A. will not have bee n achieved B. have not bee

34、 n achievedC. would not have bee n achieved D. had not bee n achieved22. He speaks Chin ese as flue ntly as if hea Chin ese.A. were B. had bee n C. is D. has bee n23. It is time that the gover nmentmeasures to protect the rare birds and ani mals.A. takes B. took C. has take n D. tak ing24. Some peop

35、le are too particular about school records, in sist ing that every applica ntall diplomas fromeleme ntary school to uni versity.A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise heto the meeti ng.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come26. If I had

36、see n the movie, Iyou all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told27. I had hoped that Joh na year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three mon ths.A. spe nds B. spe nt C. would spe nd D. will spe nd28. It s high ttheythis road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mend

37、ed D. will mend29. It s about time peoplenotice of what women did during the war.A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take30. He s working hard for fear that he.A. should fall behi nd B. fell behi ndC. may fall behi nd D. would fall beh ind31. In the past men gen erally preferred that their wivesin

38、 the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were worki ng32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature on e, it requires that the childpsychologicallyready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be33. Your advice thattill n ext week is reas on able.A. she waits B. she wa

39、it C. wait she D. she waited34. It was esse ntial that we lease before the end of the mon th.A. si ng B. sin ged C. had sig ned D. were sig ning35. I advised that the sick childa hospital as soon as possible.A. should send to B. should be sent C. be went to D. must be sent to36. The workers in the f

40、actory dema nded that their paybe 20 perce nt.A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise37. The guard at the gate in sisted that everybodythe rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey38. My suggestion is that shemore exercise, which will do a lot ofgood to her. A. takes B. must take

41、C. take D. took39. If only Idriv ing before. A. learn B. lear ned C. had lear ned D. would learn40. sheyesterday, she would meet the famous sin ger today.A. If, didn t leBvHad not, left C. Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave高考虛擬語氣1. - If he, hethat food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (9

42、3 N)A. was warned would n ot take B. had bee n warnedwould not have take nC. would be warned had not taken D. would have been warnedhad not taken2. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my br(flheN)A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it. （95 N）A. breaks B. has broke n C. were broke n D. had bee n broke n