中考英語詞形的適當(dāng)形式填空題答題技巧

1、英語詞形的適當(dāng)形式填空題答題技巧用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，是英語中考中必考的一個題型。在考試中 10 分。在做題時 要看主語，定時態(tài)，注意主謂一致。重點(diǎn)是動詞的時態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)主要就是八大時態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，過去進(jìn)行時， 現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，一般將來時，過去將來時。何種情況下該使用哪種時態(tài)，每種時態(tài)中明顯的標(biāo)志詞，主要是時間狀語，除了考察動詞時 態(tài)外，還考察各種時態(tài)的不同語態(tài)-主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。一. 對名詞的考查1.考查名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式(1).名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式(規(guī)則變化)1 一般情況下直接在單數(shù)名詞之后加-s 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞。例如：deskd

2、esks, keykeys, monkeymonkeys, boyboys 等2 以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，在單數(shù)名詞之后加 -es。例如： foxfoxes, bossbosses, busbuses, classclasses, dressdresses, witnesswitnesses, addressaddresses, beachbeaches, coachcoaches, couchcouches,inchinches,sandwichsanwiches,churchchurches,watchwatches,matchmatches,speec

3、hspeeches,witchwitches,dishdishes,brushbrushes,goldfishgoldfish, fishfishes, toothbrushtoothbrushes 等。 以 o 結(jié) 尾 的 單 數(shù) 名 詞 變 為 復(fù) 數(shù) 名 詞 時 ， 在 單 數(shù) 名 詞 之 后 加 -s 的 有 ： zoozoos,radioradios,photophotos,pianopianos,kilokilos,mangomangos,bamboobamboos,kangarookangaroos。加-es 有：tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, d

4、odododoes/s, heroheroes。以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，先變 y 為 i ，再加 -es 。例如： familyfamilies,ladyladies,babybibies,copycopies,bodybodies,centurycenturies,diarydiaries,dictionarydictionaries,factory factories,librarylibaries,batterybatteries,documentrydocumentries,buddybuddies,abilityabilities,countrycountri

5、es,b utterflybutterflies,enemyenemies,memorymemories,bbbbbbb balconies,laboratorylaboratrories,beautybeauties,ccccccc charities,comedycomedies,industryindustries,quallityquallities,replyreplies,difficultydifficulties,theropytheropies, mysterymysteries, hobbyhobbies,storystories,citycities,laundrylau

6、ndries,activityactivities 等。以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時，先變 f 或 fe 為 v，再加 -es。例如： halfhalves, knifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves, shelfshelves,herselfthemseves,scalfscalfs/scalves,wolfwolves 等。考例 1：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 look! there are some _ (bird) flying in the sky. 分析：所給的詞 bird 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)主謂一致可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，bird 的復(fù)

7、數(shù)形式是 birds，因此應(yīng)填 birds.考例 2：2005 年泰州市 your present is in one of the _. can you guess? (box)分析：所給的詞 box 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達(dá) “one of the +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，box 的復(fù)數(shù)形式是 boxes，因此應(yīng)填 boxes。考例 3：2004 年淮安市 newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become e.u.(歐盟)members this year.分析：所給的詞 country

8、是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)主謂一致可知,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 形式，因此應(yīng)填 countries?？祭?4：2003 年濟(jì)南市 the earthquake rocked the cities in the north of algeria. many people lost their _. (life)分析：所給的詞 life 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，life 的復(fù)數(shù)形式為 lives，因此應(yīng)填 lives。(2).名詞的單數(shù)形式轉(zhuǎn)換成復(fù)數(shù)形式(不規(guī)則變化)footfeet,toothteeth,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,

9、policemanpolicemen,policewomanpolicewomen,frenchmanfrenchmen,snowmansnowmen,businessmanbusinessmen,englishmanenglishmen,gentlemangentlemen, salesmansalesmen, mousemice/mouses(鼠標(biāo)),sheepsheep, chinesechinese, japanesejapanese, fishfish 等?？祭?1：2004 年無錫市 its good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meal

10、s. 分析：所給的詞 tooth 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，而 tooth 的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，為 teeth，因此應(yīng)填 teeth。2.考查名詞的所有格考例 1：2005 年泰州市 chocolate is usually _ favourite food. (child) 分析：所給的詞 child 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意“巧可力是孩子們最喜愛的食物” 可知，所填的詞在句中作定語，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格作定語，child 的復(fù)數(shù)形式的所有格 為 childrens，因此應(yīng)填 childrens?？祭?2：2005 年淮安市 tomorrow is _

11、(father) day. what will you do for your dad? 分析：所給的詞 father 是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意可知“，父親節(jié)”為 fathers day, 因此應(yīng)填 fathers。注意：母親節(jié)為 mothers day,婦女節(jié)為 womens day,兒童節(jié)為 childrens day,教師 節(jié)為 teachers day。3.考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞有以下幾種情況：(1).名詞+y 形容詞 例如：rainrainy,windwindy,cloudcloudy,sunsunny,snowsnowy,fogfoggy,mistmisty,h

12、ealthhealthy,lucklucky,unluc kunlucky,noisenoisy,fun funny,thirstthirsty 等。(2).名詞+ful形容詞 例如：carecareful, thankthankful,helphelpful,useuseful,wonderwonderful,colourcolourful,painpainful,successsuccessful 等。(3).名詞+n形容詞 例如：americaamerican, russiarussian,indiaindian, australiaaustralian, canadacanadian,

13、italyitalian 等。(4).名詞+ ern形容詞 例如：easteastern,westwestern,northnorthern,southsouthern 等。(5).名詞 +ous形容詞 例如:dangerdangerous,famefamous 等。注意：friendfriendly,woolwoolen,differencedifferent,difficultydifficult,importanceimportant,prideproud,personpersonal,safetysafe,confidenceconfident 等?？祭?1：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 wha

14、t a _ (rain) day! we have to stay at home.分析：所給的詞 rain 在此處應(yīng)理解為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作定語，修飾 day，應(yīng)用形容詞，rain 的形容詞為 rainy，因此應(yīng)填 rainy?？祭?2：2005 年徐州市 too much homework is really _ (pain) to students. 分析：所給的詞 pain 為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞，pain 的形容詞為 painful，即應(yīng)填 painful。4.考查名詞變?yōu)楦痹~successsuccessfully,carecaref

15、ully,carecarelessly,healthhealthily,noisenoisily 等?？祭?005 年泰州市 they played so _ that they lost the football match. (care) 分析：所給的詞 care 在此處應(yīng)理解為名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，所填的詞在句中作狀語，修飾 played，應(yīng)用副詞，care 的副詞為 carefully,即應(yīng)填 carefully。二對數(shù)詞的考查1.考查基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,一般情況下在基數(shù)詞之后加-th。例如：four fourth但是，特殊的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞可用以下口訣來幫助記憶：一

16、、二、三單獨(dú)記，八去 t,九 去 e, 五 和 十 二 記 仔 細(xì) ， f 來 把 ve 替 ， ty 變 成 tie ， 后 面 再 加 th 。 即 ： onefirst,twosecond,threethird,eighteighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twentytwentieth,thirtythirtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth,sixtysixtieth,seventyseventieth,eightyeightieth,ninetyninetieth 等?？祭?1：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 the

17、_ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, i think.分析：所給的詞 eight 為基數(shù)詞,根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達(dá)“第八課”應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞，eight 的序數(shù)詞為 eighth,即應(yīng)填 eighth?？祭?2：2005 年揚(yáng)州市we will have the _ celebration for the return of hong kong. (nine)分析：(略)應(yīng)填 ninth?？祭?3：2005 年泰州市the students from america live on the _ floor. (nine) 分析：(略)應(yīng)填 n

18、inth。考例 4 ：2005 年徐州市 liu xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004olympic games.分析：(略)應(yīng)填 first。2. 考查分?jǐn)?shù)詞考例：2005 年淮安市 two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所給的詞 three 是基數(shù)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，本題是考查分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)，分子用基數(shù) 詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。當(dāng)分子大于1 時，表示分母的序數(shù)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)用 three 的序數(shù)詞 third

19、的復(fù)數(shù)形式 thirds,即應(yīng)填 thirds。三對代詞的考查1.考查人稱代詞主賓格之間的轉(zhuǎn)換中考中不常出現(xiàn)。2.考查物主代詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換考例：2005 年宿遷市 yesterday i was doing some shopping in thesupermarket when i met a friend of _ (my).分析：所給的詞 my 為形容詞性物主代詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞作介詞 of 的賓語，即應(yīng)填 my 的名詞性物主代詞 mine。3.考查人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成自身代詞考例 1：2005 年泰州市the clever girl could teach _ english

20、 when she was ten. (she)分析：所給的詞 she 為人稱代詞主格，根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達(dá) teach oneself sth.可知，應(yīng)用自 身代詞作賓語，即應(yīng)填 she 的自身代詞 herself?？祭?2：2005 年常州市 thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析：所給的詞 it 為人稱代詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用自身代詞作主語的同位語，即應(yīng)填 it 的自身代詞 itself。4. 考查人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成物主代詞考例 1：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 my schoolbag

21、is different from _ (he). mine is newer. 分析：所給的詞 he 為人稱代詞主格，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞作介詞 from 的賓 語，即應(yīng)填 his?？祭?2：2005 年揚(yáng)州市 our way of learning english is a lot better than _. (they) 分析：(略)應(yīng)填 theirs?？祭?3：2005 年淮安市 _ (we) city, huaian ,is zhou enlans hometown. we are proud of him.分析：(略)應(yīng)填 our?？祭?4：2005 年徐州市 thi

22、s is my dictionary. where is _ (you)?分析：(略)應(yīng)填 yours。四對形容詞的考查1.考查形容詞的比較級/最高級(1).形容詞比較級/最高級的規(guī)則變化一般單音節(jié)的形容詞在詞尾加-er/-est 例如：blackblacker/est,brightbrighter/est此 外 還 有 ： cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few,full,great,green,hard,high,kind,light,long,low,near,new,old,poor,qu

23、ick,quiet,rich,short,slow,small,steep,strong,sweet,tall,thick,yellow,young, warm, weak等。以字母 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞，只須在詞尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st,largelarger/st 此外還有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple 等。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 -er/-est。例如：bigbigger/

24、est,fatfatter/est此外還有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad 等。以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的形容詞，先把 y 變?yōu)?i，再加-er/-est。例如：angryangrier/est, easyeasier/est此外還有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny,windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty 等。 多音節(jié)形容詞和部分雙音節(jié)形

25、容詞以及由分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，須在詞前加 more/most。 例如：beautifulmore/most beautiful,tired more/most tired此外還有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious 等。有些形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成，既可以在詞為加 -er/est ，又可以在詞前加

26、 more/most。例如：clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple 等。(2).形容詞比較級/最高級的不規(guī)則變化badworseworst goodbetterbestmuch/manymoremost littlelessleast考例 1：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. we won the game at last.分析：所給的詞 strong 為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級，即應(yīng)填 strong 的比較級 stronger?？祭?2：2005 年揚(yáng)州

27、市 the more exercise you take, the _ youll be. (health) 分析：(略)應(yīng)填 healthier?？祭?3 ：2005 年泰州市 houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析：(略)應(yīng)填 more expensive。2.考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞形容詞+ly副詞 badbadly,brightbrightly,certaincertainly,carefulcarefully,carelesscarelessly,clearclearly,cleancleanly,l

28、oudloudly,politepolitely,quickquickly,quietquietly,realreally,sadsadly,safesafelyslowslowly,strongstrongly,usualusually,widewidely,angryangrily,heavyheavily,easyeasily,happyhappily,silentsilently,luckyluckily,suddensuddenly,busybusilyexactexactly,neat neatly,noisynoisily,successfulsuccessfully,terri

29、bleterribly,truetruly,等。注意：earlyearly,fastfast,goodwell 等?？祭?2005 年揚(yáng) 州市 be careful, or you won t work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析：所給的詞 easy 為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞 work out，因此應(yīng)填 easy 的副詞 easily。3.考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞參見“名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞”注意：illillness foreignforeigner highheight truetruth考例：2005 年南京市when he saw th

30、e boy was in danger, edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析：所給的詞 safe 為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞作介詞 to 的賓語，即應(yīng)填 safe 的名詞 safety。五對副詞的考查1.考查副詞的比較級/最高級(1).副詞比較級/最高級的規(guī)則變化一般單音節(jié)的副詞在詞尾加-er/-est 例如：fastfaster/est,hard harder/est,longlonger/est,loudlouder/est,highhigher/est,soonsonner/est注意：earlyearlier/est多

31、音節(jié)副詞和部分雙音節(jié)副詞，須在詞前加 more/most。例如：angrilymore/most angrily 此 外 還 有 ： quietly,quickly,sadly, slowly,widely,suddenly,happily,politly,clearly,often,carefully, carelessly,luckily 等。(2).副詞比較級/最高級的不規(guī)則變化wellbetterbest, badlyworseworst,farfartherfurther/farthest furthest考例：2005 年南京市 mike and i started to lear

32、n painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than i.分析：所給的詞 good 為形容詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用副詞的比較級，即應(yīng)填 good 的副詞 well 的比較 better。2.考查副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞中考中不常出現(xiàn)。六對動詞的考查1.考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞常見的有：(1).動詞+er名詞workworker,teachteacher,keepkeeper,paintpainter,sellseller,speakspeaker,waitwaiter,cleancleaner, playplay

33、er, surfsurfer,singsinger,ownowner 等。(2).動詞+r名詞 managemanager,writewriter,dancedancer,divediver drivedriver,strikestriker 等。注意：runrunner,swimswimmer,traveltraveller,winwinner, robrobber,cookcook 等。(3). 動詞+or名詞 visitvisitor,inventinventor(4). 動詞+(t)ion名詞 invention,oprateopration,discussdiscussion,pol

34、lutepollution,(5). 動詞+ing名詞 parkparking,meanmeaning,surfsurfing,traintraining,shopshopping,meetmeeting,turnturning,cross crossing,beginbeginning,buildbuilding,cleancleaning,drawdrawing,paintpainting,swimswimming,washwashing 等。注意：robrobbery,pleasepleasure, diedeath,thinkthought,knowknowledge,appearap

35、pearance,disappeardisappearance,drydrought,flyflight 等?？祭?1：2005 年南京市some foreign _(visit) from england came to our school last week.分析：所給的 visit 為動詞，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用名詞作主語，即應(yīng)填 visit 的名詞復(fù)數(shù)visitors.考例 2：2005 年鎮(zhèn)江市 paul is the best basketball _ (play) on school team. 分析：(略)應(yīng)填 player?？祭?3：2005 年徐州市 we feel sorry that chen yifei, a famous _ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.分析：(略)應(yīng)填 painter?？祭?4：2005 年淮安市 every child has a dream. my life dream is to be a pop _ (sing).分析：(略)應(yīng)填 singer。2.考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞一般都是轉(zhuǎn)換成其相應(yīng)的形容詞化的過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分