新概念第二冊內(nèi)容完整

1、 New words Madam n. 太太，夫人太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔褲牛仔褲 hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑猶豫，遲疑 serve v. 接待（顧客）接待（顧客） scornfully adv. 輕蔑地輕蔑地 punish v. 懲罰懲罰 fur n. 裘皮裘皮 eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的熱切的，熱情的 Madam /mdm / n. (對婦女的尊稱對婦女的尊稱) 太太，夫人太太，夫人 1) 信的稱呼信的稱呼 Dear madam, 2) 關(guān)于女性的稱呼關(guān)于女性的稱呼 3) 關(guān)于男性的稱呼關(guān)于男性的稱呼 Miss 1) 對未婚女子姓名的稱謂 Miss Hill 2

2、) 小學(xué)生對女教師的尊稱 Miss Yu Mrs. 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前） Mrs. Brown Ms. 女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms. Mary Mr. 先生（男子姓或姓名前，職務(wù)前） Mr. White 懷特先生 Mr. President 總統(tǒng)先生 Sir 對男子的禮貌稱呼 Yes, sir. 中小學(xué)生對男老師的稱呼 信的稱呼 Dear Sir jeans /di:nz / n. 牛仔褲牛仔褲 世界第一條牛仔褲的發(fā)明人世界第一條牛仔褲的發(fā)明人Levi Strauss （利瓦伊史特勞斯）（利瓦伊史特勞斯） A woman in jeans clothes shoes shirt

3、 襯衫 boots 靴子 coat 大衣 sandals 涼鞋 sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋 T-shirt T恤衫 dress 連衣裙 skirt 短裙 pants 褲子 jacket 夾克衫 vest 背心 hesitate /heztet / v. 猶豫，遲疑猶豫，遲疑 hesitate 的用法 hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不猶豫 1) hesitate at/over/about sth He hesitates at nothing. 他從不優(yōu)柔寡斷。 2) hesitate to do sth Dont hesitate t

4、o say no. 3) hesitate in doing sth I hesitated in telling the truth. serve /s: v / 1) v. 服務(wù)，為.效力，接待（顧客） serve as 擔任 He served two terms as President. serve a sentence 服刑 2) (食物)足夠.人的份額 The cake can serve ten people. Service n. 服務(wù) at ones service 為某人效勞 service station 加油站 service industry 服務(wù)業(yè) serve v

5、. 接待(顧客) Can I serve you in any way? 我能幫你忙嗎？ New words Madam n. 太太，夫人太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔褲牛仔褲 hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑猶豫，遲疑 serve v. 接待（顧客）接待（顧客） adv. 輕蔑地scornfully scornfully /sk:nfl/ adv. 輕蔑地輕蔑地 Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. scorn v. 鄙視 scornful adj. 鄙視的，輕蔑的 A scornful smi

6、le A scornful look scorn /sk:n/ 1) n. 鄙視，輕蔑 pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口氣說到某人某事 2) v. 鄙視，傲慢的拒絕 scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒絕某人的邀請 scorn sbs advice 鄙視某人的建議 scorn sbs offer 拒絕某人的幫助 punish v. 懲罰 punish sb. 懲罰某人 The boy was punished for being late. 這男孩因遲到受到處分。 punish /pn / v. 懲罰 punish sb for sth The teacher

7、 punished him for cheating on the exam. give a lesson to sb 教訓(xùn)某人一頓 teach sb a lesson 教訓(xùn)某人一頓 punishment n. 懲罰 capital punishment 死刑 fur /f: / n. 裘皮，皮毛 A coat of fur = a fur coat Make the fur fly 引起爭吵，打倒 leather 皮革 feather 羽毛 adj. 熱切的,熱情的 be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 I am eager to do it. 我極想做這件事。 eager /i:

8、/ adj. 熱切的，渴望的 1) be eager for sth We are eager for success. 2) be eager to do sth The assistant was eager to serve her this time. New words Madam n. 太太，夫人太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔褲牛仔褲 hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑猶豫，遲疑 serve v. 接待（顧客）接待（顧客） scornfully adv. 輕蔑地輕蔑地 punish v. 懲罰懲罰 fur n. 裘皮裘皮 eager adj. 熱切的，熱情的熱切的，熱情的 Fi

9、nd two words to describe the change of the man. Before. scornfully After. eager What does the word “scornfully” mean？ What caused the change? Before. jeans 牛仔褲牛仔褲 After. fur coat 裘皮大衣裘皮大衣 Dialogue （對話）（對話） Man: Can I help you, madam (夫人夫人)? Woman: Yes. May I try on this dress? Man: Im afraid that th

10、e dress was sold. In fact, the dress is not sold.This man looked down upon 看不起看不起 the woman. This man is really a snob(勢利眼). 1. Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and tell her that the dress was sold? He did not like the way she was dressed.He did not like the way she was dres

11、sed. 2. How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning? She returned to the shop the following morning She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella

12、 in the other.hand and a long umbrella in the other. 3.Did the woman get what she wanted? Yes, she did.Yes, she did. A woman A woman in in jeans stood jeans stood at at the the window window of of an an expensiveexpensive shop. shop. 1. 1. 穿戴小穿戴小結(jié)結(jié) 2. at 2. at 和和in in 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 3. expensivecheap3. expe

13、nsivecheap more expensive/the most expensivemore expensive/the most expensive cheaper/cheapestcheaper/cheapest dress, wear, put on, in, with的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié) 1. in是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞，著重于是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞，著重于 服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語只能作服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語只能作表語表語或或 定語定語。 Can you see that woman in the blue coat? 你能看見那個穿藍外套的女士

14、嗎？你能看見那個穿藍外套的女士嗎？ He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。 2. put on “穿上、戴上穿上、戴上”，強調(diào)強調(diào)“穿穿”“”“戴戴” 的的動動 作作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。，后接衣服、鞋帽等。 I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 我要你穿這件外套，戴這頂帽子。我要你穿這件外套，戴這頂帽子。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。如果你要出去，穿上你的

15、厚冬衣。 3. wear “穿著；戴著穿著；戴著”，表示，表示狀態(tài)狀態(tài)，賓語可，賓語可 以以 是衣帽，也可以是飾物、獎?wù)碌?。例如：是衣帽，也可以是飾物、獎?wù)碌?。例如?Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的時候穿棕色鞋子的時候, 最好要穿藍色或黑色褲子。最好要穿藍色或黑色褲子。 Why does he often wear dark sun- glasses? 他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽鏡？他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽鏡？ 4. dress的賓語通常是人，意思是的賓語通常是人，意思是“給給穿衣服穿衣服” 1） d

16、ress oneself 或或 get dressed表示給自己穿衣服。表示給自己穿衣服。 My son is now able to dress himself. 我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會穿衣服了。我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會穿衣服了。 Its time to wake up and get dressed! 該起床穿衣服了。該起床穿衣服了。 2）be dressed in 的意思是的意思是“穿著穿著”，表示狀態(tài)。，表示狀態(tài)。 He was dressed in a black suit. 他穿著一套黑衣服他穿著一套黑衣服 3）dress up的意思是的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮”。 Id l

17、ike you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你為我的生日派對打扮打扮。今晚我希望你為我的生日派對打扮打扮。 be dressed in dress sb dress oneself dress up 盛裝打扮 穿著 為自己穿衣服 為穿衣服 1.She was dressed in black. 2.Mother would dress you when you were young. 3.Tom is old enough to dress himself. 4.Children dress up and go to thei

18、r neighbors homes to ask for sweets. the way she was dressed The way后跟定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞可用后跟定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞可用in which/that/不填不填 5. with表示穿戴，只能作表示穿戴，只能作定語定語，而且只能和，而且只能和 眼鏡、手套等連用，不能接衣服。眼鏡、手套等連用，不能接衣服。 The boy with thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼鏡那個男孩是我們的班長。戴深度眼鏡那個男孩是我們的班長。 with表示某人有某生理特征。表示某人有某生理特征。 The police are

19、looking for a man with a scar on his face. 警察正在搜尋一個臉上有疤的人。警察正在搜尋一個臉上有疤的人。 at 和和 in 表示地點的區(qū)別表示地點的區(qū)別 1. 在表示地點或場所時，一般來講，在表示地點或場所時，一般來講，較大的地方用較大的地方用in, 較小的地方用較小的地方用at There were a lot of people in the street. I would like to live in a warm country. He lives at 27 West Street. Ill see you at the station.

20、2. 當用當用at 或或 in 來談?wù)摻ㄖ飼r，來談?wù)摻ㄖ飼r，in強調(diào)在建筑物強調(diào)在建筑物 里里 面，面，at則籠統(tǒng)的指在這個建筑物周圍。則籠統(tǒng)的指在這個建筑物周圍。 at the restaurant 可以是在餐館里面，也可以在餐館附近可以是在餐館里面，也可以在餐館附近 in the restaurant 強調(diào)在餐館里面強調(diào)在餐館里面 ThoughThough she hesitated she hesitated for a momentfor a moment, she , she finally went in and finally went in and asked asked

21、to see a dress to see a dress that was in the windowthat was in the window. . 1. though 引導(dǎo)的讓步條件句引導(dǎo)的讓步條件句 though譯為雖然譯為雖然但是但是 后面不可以加后面不可以加but 2. 關(guān)于關(guān)于moment 的詞組的詞組 3. ask的用法的用法 關(guān)于關(guān)于moment的詞組的詞組 at the moment 眼下,當前 for the moment 暫時,目前 at this/that moment 在此、那時 at this moment in time 此時此刻 in a moment 立刻

22、、馬上 for a moment 一會兒 wait/just a moment 稍等一小會兒 the last moment 最后一刻 big moment 大好時機 choose/pick your moment選擇好的時機 ask的用法的用法 1. ask about sth (sb) 詢問有關(guān)某人或某事的情況詢問有關(guān)某人或某事的情況 She asked about his health. 她詢問他的健康狀況。她詢問他的健康狀況。 2. ask after sb 問候某人問候某人(的健康的健康)。 They all ask after you. 他們都問候你他們都問候你(的健康的健康)。

23、3. ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求與某人見面。要求得到某物或要求與某人見面。 He asked for some water. 他要些水。他要些水。 4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或請某人給某物。向某人要某物或請某人給某物。 They asked me for help. 他們向我求助。他們向我求助。 5. ask to do sth要求或請求做某事要求或請求做某事。 He asked to go alone. 他要求一個人去。他要求一個人去。 6. ask sb to do sth 請或叫某人做某事。請或叫某人做某事。 He asked us to wait f

24、or him at the gate. 他叫我們在門口等他。他叫我們在門口等他。 The The assistantassistant who served herwho served her did not did not like like the way the way she was dressed.she was dressed. like的用法的用法 like 的用法 1. like + 名詞/代詞 表示喜歡某人或某物 She likes her students very much. 2. like doing sth. 喜歡做某事 I like reading. 3. like

25、 to do sth.喜歡做某事 I dont like to read this evening. Glancing at her scornfully,Glancing at her scornfully, he told her he told her that the dress was sold.that the dress was sold. 1. 1. 分詞作狀語分詞作狀語 分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語 的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系。 He went out shutting the door

26、 behind him. 他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。 2. 過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主 語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。 3. 分詞的否定形式就是在分詞前加not Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. 4. 分詞作狀語時，要特別注意其邏輯主語須和謂語 動詞的主語一致，否則分詞必須有自己的主語。 這種帶主語的分

27、詞結(jié)構(gòu)稱作分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)， 或獨立主格。 The woman walked out of the shop angrily The woman walked out of the shop angrily and and decided todecided to punish the assistant next day. punish the assistant next day. 1. decide 的用法的用法 decide v.決定，決心；名詞形式為決定，決心；名詞形式為decision 1)跟名詞或代詞跟名詞或代詞 It is the people who decide the fa

28、te of mankind. 決定人類命運的是人民。 The question will be decided by themselves. 問題將由他們自己決定。 2)跟不定式跟不定式 decide to do sth He decided to give a one-man show. 他決定唱一段獨角戲。 3)跟從句跟從句 Lets first decide where we should go. 我們先決定一下到什么地方去。 It is not decided whether we will go there. 還沒有決定我們是不是去那兒。 4)跟介詞短語跟介詞短語(跟跟on或或upo

29、n,表示表示“就某事做出決就某事做出決 定定”) Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。 She returnedShe returned to the shop to the shop the following the following morningmorning dressed in a fur coatdressed in a fur coat, , with a with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella handbag in one hand an

30、d a long umbrella in the other.in the other. 1. The following morning = the next morning After After seeking outseeking out the rude assistant, she the rude assistant, she asked forasked for the same dress. the same dress. seek sb/sth out = reach out 找出，搜尋出 seek for = look for = search for seek soug

31、ht sought Not realizing who she wasNot realizing who she was, the assistant , the assistant was eager towas eager to serve her this time. serve her this time. 1. Not realizing who she was 分詞的否定形式分詞的否定形式 2. be eager to do 熱切的做某事熱切的做某事 With great difficulty,With great difficulty, he climbed into he cl

32、imbed into the shop window to get the dress.the shop window to get the dress. As soon asAs soon as she saw it, the woman said she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.she did not like it. 1. As soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 的用法的用法 As soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 1) as soon as A事發(fā)生后就

33、做事發(fā)生后就做B這件事這件事 Ill write you as soon as I get there. 2) no soonerthan 剛做完剛做完A這件事就做這件事就做B這件事這件事 He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 3) hardlywhen 幾乎未來得及做完幾乎未來得及做完A這件事就做這件事就做B這件事這件事 He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. She She enjoyed herself makingenjoyed hersel

34、f making the assistant the assistant bring bring almostalmost everything in the window everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.first asked for. 1. enjoy sb doing sth 開心做某事開心做某事 2. 使役動詞使役動詞 make, let, have 3. 程度副詞程度副詞 使役

35、動詞使役動詞make, let, have 1）make, let, have后面的動詞不定式不加后面的動詞不定式不加to， 即即 make/have/let sb. do sth. make sb. do sth (含迫使、強迫之意含迫使、強迫之意) 讓某人做某事讓某人做某事 I cant make him change his mind. The teacher made the boy write the exercise again. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事讓某人做某事 （無強迫之意）（無強迫之意） Dont let him persuade you. 不要讓他把

36、你說服了。 Dont let the children touch anything in this room please. 程度副詞的種類程度副詞的種類 1. 肯定 absolutely, almost, completely, enough, entirely, extremely, fairly, far, just, much, nearly, only, quite, rather, really, so, too, very等。 2. 否定 barely, scarcely, hardly 用正確的介詞填空用正確的介詞填空 A woman _jeans stood _the wi

37、ndow of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went _and asked to see a dress that was _the window. Glancing _her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked _the shop angrily. _great difficulty, he climbed _the shop window. She enjoyed herself making

38、 the assistant bring almost everything _the window. text Can I help you，madam？ A woman in _ stood at the window of an _. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally _ and asked to see a dress that was _ the window. The assistant who served her did not like _ she was dressed. Glancing at her scorn

39、fully, he told her that the dress _ . The woman walked out of the shop _ and decided to _ next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag _ and a long umbrella _. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for _. Not realizing who she was, the assis

40、tant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into _ to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything _ before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. a blue jeans an expe

41、nsive shop went inin the way was sold angrilyPunish the assistant in one hand in the other the same dress the shop window in the window 一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)概念一、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)概念 構(gòu)成：邏輯主語構(gòu)成：邏輯主語+邏輯謂語邏輯謂語 特點：特點：1. 用逗號與主句分開；用逗號與主句分開； 2. 邏輯主語與主句主語不同，單獨存在。邏輯主語與主句主語不同，單獨存在。 句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相當靈活。句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相當靈活。 注意事項

42、：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子之間不能使用任何注意事項：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子之間不能使用任何 連接詞。連接詞。 例：例：Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。 析：析：weather permitting為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， 該結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間用逗號隔開，該結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間用逗號隔開， weather為邏輯主語；為邏輯主語；permit為邏輯謂語，為邏輯謂語， 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間沒有任何連接詞。獨立主格結(jié)

43、構(gòu)與主句之間沒有任何連接詞。 初步總結(jié)：初步總結(jié)： 1. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語和主句主語肯定不同（例句中的是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語和主句主語肯定不同（例句中的是weather 和和we）；）； 2. 兩者之間沒有連詞連接。（只有兩個完整的句子之間用逗號時，兩者之間沒有連詞連接。（只有兩個完整的句子之間用逗號時， 才有連詞的存在空間。才有連詞的存在空間。Weather permitting本身不是完整的句子，本身不是完整的句子， 所以不可能用連詞。）所以不可能用連詞。） 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種類型： 1 邏輯主語+非謂語動詞（不定 式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞） 2 邏輯主語+（being）+表語 （名詞、形容

44、詞、副詞、介詞短語） 1. 邏輯主語邏輯主語+非謂語動詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）非謂語動詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞） 邏輯主語邏輯主語+不定式不定式 由不定式構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示還未發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，在 句中常作原因狀語，偶爾作條件狀語。 例：His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母親今晚要來，他正在忙著準備晚飯。 析：“來”的動作還沒有發(fā)生，表示將來。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須是主句的主語；如果現(xiàn) 在分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時，就應(yīng)在

45、現(xiàn)在分詞前加上邏 輯主語，這便構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作時 間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語和方式狀語等 例：The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。 析：lead動作的發(fā)出者是the guide，兩者構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+過去分詞過去分詞 例：The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行回學(xué)校。 析：the key肯定是被人給Lo

46、st的，所以兩者之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+不定式：不定式： 表示尚未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的動作。表示尚未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的動作。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示動作正在進行。表示動作正在進行。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+過去分詞：過去分詞： 表示被動或者完成意義。表示被動或者完成意義。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+（being）+表語（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞表語（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞 短語）短語） 英語中常用的還有一類無動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)英語中常用的還有一類無動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu) 往往看做是往往看做是“名詞名詞/代詞代詞+being+表語表語”結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了 bei

47、ng，主要有如下幾種情況：，主要有如下幾種情況： 邏輯主語邏輯主語+名詞名詞 例：例：I received many gifts, many of them books. 我收到很多禮物，其中很多是書籍。我收到很多禮物，其中很多是書籍。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞 例：例：Music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause. 音樂以結(jié)束，所有的觀眾都站了起來報以熱烈的掌聲。音樂以結(jié)束，所有的觀眾都站了起來報以熱烈的掌聲。 邏輯主語邏輯主語+介詞短語介詞短語 例：例：Many people were lined a

48、long the streets, flags in hands. 很多人排隊站在街道旁，手里拿著旗子。很多人排隊站在街道旁，手里拿著旗子。 應(yīng)避免寫分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致應(yīng)避免寫分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致 的句子。如的句子。如: Walking along the road, an accident happened. Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. Walking along the road, I saw an accident. () Listening to the radio, I heard a

49、 knock at the door. () 使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的五點注意使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的五點注意 1. 當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立 主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：如： After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。 2. 在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的在下列兩種

50、情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或（或 having been）不能省略：）不能省略： (1) 獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：。如： It being Sunday, we went to church.因為是星期天，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。因為是星期天，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。 (2) 在在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：。如： There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得 不步行回家。不步行回家。 3. 在在“名詞（或代詞）介詞短語名詞（或代詞）介

51、詞短語”構(gòu)構(gòu) 成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞 性物主代詞和冠詞。性物主代詞和冠詞。如：如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先史密斯先 生走進了課室，手里拿著一本書。生走進了課室，手里拿著一本書。 比較比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式。如：如： The chief-editor arriving, we beg

52、an the meeting. 主編來了，主編來了， 我們開始開會。我們開始開會。 比較動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：比較動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised. 5. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間或原因狀語時，可用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間或原因狀語時，可用 完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。 如：如： The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。 Tom having been late o

53、ver and over, his boss was very disappointed. 由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。 .分詞固定短語：分詞固定短語：(有時表示說話人態(tài)度的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)已有時表示說話人態(tài)度的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)已 成為固定短語成為固定短語,不遵循其邏輯主語和句子主語一致的不遵循其邏輯主語和句子主語一致的 原則原則)。 eg.)1.Judging from her accent, she must be an American. 2.Genarally speaking, the living costs are relatively higher in cities. 3.Talking of the world resources , they are very limited. 4.No wonder he was taken ill, considering