全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4Unit2 textB

1、 On 1939 New York Worlds Fair,people began thinking about the use of automation on cars. The advantages eliminate traffic crashes that are cused by human erros lreduce antisocial driving behaviour,the stress of driving lwithout advanced driving skills lcommom people can be chauffeured to destination

2、 Is it feasible? How to work uObserving the road uObserving preceding vehicles uSteering,accelerating and braking uDeciding when and where to change course Challenges issues of liability,costs,and perceptions NEW WORDS AND CAPRESSIONS conjecture （n.）a guess推測，猜推測，猜 測測 n. 推測；猜想 vi. 推測；揣摩 vt. 推測 過去式co

3、njectured 過去分詞conjectured 現(xiàn)在分詞conjecturing n.推測；猜想 同近義詞 speculation / theory / perhaps / guess / projection vi.推測；揣摩guess / speculate vt.推測 guess / presume en route ad.on the way;while traveling在途中在途中 exotic a. very unsual;introduced from another country;not active及其不同的；國外引進(jìn)的及其不同的；國外引進(jìn)的 orientation

4、n.方向，方位方向，方位 by means of 用；依靠用；依靠 liability n.責(zé)任責(zé)任 (副 liabilities) 詞根詞根：liable adj. liable 有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的；應(yīng)受罰的；有傾向 的；易的 state of being in a place or suituation where there is no protection from sth.harmful or unpleasant 詞組短語詞組短語 liability company有限公司 limited liability有限責(zé)任；有限債務(wù)責(zé)任 limited liability company

5、股份有限公司 exposure n.暴露；曝光；揭露；陳列暴露；曝光；揭露；陳列 double exposure二次曝光 Exposure value曝光值 Exposure Meterting測光方式 address 過去式addressed或addrest 過去分詞addressed或addrest 現(xiàn)在分詞addressing vt.演說；從事；忙于；寫姓名地址；像.致辭； 與.說話；提出；處 n.地址；演講；致辭；說話的技巧；稱呼 visualize (vt.) form a mental picure of(sb.sth) ；see(sb.sth)in ones mind 想象，使具

6、體化想象，使具體化 過去式visualized 過去分詞visualized 現(xiàn)在分詞visualizing (vt).形象，形象化，設(shè)想，想象 (vi).顯現(xiàn) 過去式visualized 過去分詞：visualized 現(xiàn)在分詞：visualizing 1.Visualize it 發(fā)揮想象力 2.Enterpise visualize企 業(yè)形象 3.Visualize design企業(yè)形象 例:He could not visualize her as old他無法想象她 年老的樣子 詞根：詞根：vision adj. visualized 直觀的；直視的 adv. visually 形象

7、化地；外表上；看得見地 n. vision 視力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力 visualization 形象化；清楚地呈現(xiàn)在心 visualizing 肉眼觀察 visualizer 視覺型的人；觀察儀；想像者 v. visualized 使形象化；想像（visualize的過去分詞） vt. vision 想象；顯現(xiàn)；夢見 pedal踏板踏板 vi. 踩踏板；騎車 n. 踏板；腳蹬子 vt. 騎（自行車）；踩的踏板 adj. 腳的；腳踏的 過去式pedaled或-alled 過去分詞pedaled或-alled 現(xiàn)在分詞pedaling或-alling 相關(guān)詞組： brake pedal剎車

8、踏板；制動踏板 foot pedal腳踏開關(guān) accelerator pedal（汽車等的）油門踏板；機(jī)加速 踏板 at the start of= at the beginning of 在在.開始時開始時 automation n.自動化技術(shù)自動化技術(shù) thereby （ad.）by that means or action因此，因此， 由此，從而由此，從而 例句：Our bodies can sweet,thereby losing heat by evaporation 我們的身體會流汗，因此能通過蒸發(fā)散熱 chauffeur （vt.）開汽車接送（）開汽車接送（n.司機(jī) vi.當(dāng)汽車

9、 司機(jī)） drive sb as a chauffeur draft 緊隨前一輛車行駛緊隨前一輛車行駛 triple v.become or make sth three times as much or as many for使增至三倍使增至三倍 adverse a. 有害的不利的有害的不利的 （名詞（名詞 averseness 副詞：副詞：adversely） 同近義詞同近義詞: adj.不利的；相反的；植敵對的（名詞adverseness，副詞 adversely） against / contrary / opposite / counter / cross 詞組：詞組： advers

10、e effect不利影響；副作用 adverse selection逆選擇；相反的選擇 adverse reaction不良反應(yīng)；逆反應(yīng)；有害反應(yīng) 詞根詞根：adverse adj. adversative 反意的；表示相反的 adv. adversely 不利地；逆地；反對地 n.adversative 反意語；轉(zhuǎn)折詞 precede vt 在在.之前，先于之前，先于 vt. 領(lǐng)先，在之前；優(yōu)于，高于 vi. 領(lǐng)先，在前面 過去式preceded 過去分詞preceded 現(xiàn)在分詞 preceding 同近義詞：同近義詞： vt.領(lǐng)先，在之前；優(yōu)于，高于 take over the lead

11、 / keep ahead vi.領(lǐng)先，在前面 take over the lead / keep ahead 詞根詞根：precede adj. precedent 在前的；在先的 preceding 在前的；前述 的 n. precedent 先例；前例 v. preceding 在.之前（precede的ing形式） costly （a.）比較級 costlier 最高級：costliest costing a lot.expensive昂貴的，值錢的昂貴的，值錢的 詞根：詞根：cost adj. costless 不花錢的；無須付出代價(jià)的不花錢的；無須付出代價(jià)的 n. cost 費(fèi)用，

12、代價(jià)，成本；損失費(fèi)用，代價(jià)，成本；損失 costliness 昂貴；昂貴； 奢華奢華 vi. cost 花費(fèi)花費(fèi) vt. cost 花費(fèi)；使付出；使花許多錢花費(fèi)；使付出；使花許多錢 同近義詞同近義詞： adj.昂貴的；代價(jià)高的 expensive / rich / dear simplification n.簡化，單純化簡化，單純化 詞根：simple adj. simple 簡單的；單純的；天真的 simplex 單純的；單一的 adv. simply 簡單地；僅僅；簡直；樸素地；坦白地 n. simple 笨蛋；愚蠢的行為；出身低微者 simplex 單形；單層公寓 simpleness

13、簡單；單純 simplism 簡化主義；單純化主義 vt. simplify 簡化；使單純；使簡易 at the start of : at the beginning 在 開始時 Now, at the start of the new century, (Para 1) 新學(xué)期開始時，老師們都極其忙碌。(translation) At the start of a new semester, teachers are extremely busy . In cooperation with : in partnership with 與合作 in cooperation with road

14、side electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly,(Para 4) 這個俱樂部和足球協(xié)會密切合作。(translation) The clubs work in close cooperation with the Football Association. En route: adj , adv. on the way; while traveling 在途中（的） En route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rush-h

15、our traffic volumes.(Para 4) 救護(hù)車在去醫(yī)院的途中。(translation) The ambulance is en route to the hospital. by means of : by using (sth); with the help of (sth) 用，依靠 and brake pressure by means of small electric motors.(Para 9) 可以通過一個管道將水從山下運(yùn)下來。(translation) Water can be carried downhill by means of a pipe. by

16、 some means (or other)想個辦法想個辦法; 以以 某種方法某種方法 It is by some means removed from the bottom. 用某種方法把它從底部移走了。用某種方法把它從底部移走了。 by what means怎樣怎樣 By what means are we going tomorrow, by train? 明天我們怎麼去明天我們怎麼去?坐火車還是開車坐火車還是開車? Other researchers have used computer vision systems to observe the road.These are vuln

17、erable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements,but they do not require special roadway installations,other than well-maintained lane markings. 這類系統(tǒng)容易受氣候變化的影響，提供的數(shù)據(jù) 不夠精確，但它們不需要特別的道路設(shè)施，只 需將軌道標(biāo)志維護(hù)好就行了。 Other than 不同，不同于；除了，絕不是。 Sue never carried anything other than the teeniest purse

18、. 例句：剛到的不是別人，正是總統(tǒng)。 例句：Sue從來都只帶著一只小錢包 The new arrival was none other than the President. All new technologies tend to be costly when they first become available in small quantities,then their costs decline as production volumes increase and the technologies mature.We should expect vehicle automation

19、technologies to follow the same pattern.They may initially be economically viable only for heavy vehicles(transit buses,commercial trucks)and high-end passenger cars.However,it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators,especially with man

20、y of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today. 然而，不用多久，其成本就能為廣大車輛擁有者 和駕駛者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以應(yīng)用的技 術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場，開始了批量生產(chǎn)。 It should not take long for.to 對.來說不用多久. 例句：對他來說,學(xué)會命令應(yīng)該不會花很長時間. It should not take too long for him to learn commands. The largest impediment to intro

21、duction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that its more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is.If political and industrial decision makers perceive automated driving to be too futuristic,they will not pay it the attention it deserves and will not in

22、vest their resources toward accelerating its deployment.The perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy. 電子駕駛應(yīng)用的最大障礙可能在于一種普遍的觀念，認(rèn)為這一技術(shù) 的應(yīng)用比實(shí)際情況更困難，更昂貴。 Turn out to be 結(jié)果是，原來是，證明是 例句：這可能只是個過渡技術(shù)。(interim) It may turn out to be an interim technology. Given all of this experience in implemen

23、ting safe automated transportation systems,it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control.That should be a realistic goal for the next decade.The transportation system will thus gain substantial benefits from the revolution in information technology. 考慮

24、到所有這些運(yùn)用安全自動化交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)， 開發(fā)由自動控制系統(tǒng)操縱的公路車輛算不上什么打的飛躍。 It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that（who）+其 余部分 一.“It is/was+形容詞/名詞+that.” 在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，it是引導(dǎo)詞，作形式主語，從屬連詞that引導(dǎo) 的是主語從句， 在句中作真正的主語。 例句1：拯救這座寺廟是做得對的。 It was right that the temple was rescued. 例句2：很遺憾，你住的那么遠(yuǎn)。 It is a pity that you live at such a distance. Useful Expressions

25、 1.Take a fresh look at 用新的眼光來看 2.The implications of 的含義 3.Chauffeure to your destination 開汽車到你 的目的地 4.Accommodate growing demands for 適應(yīng) 不斷增長的需求量 5.In cooperation with 與合作， 與協(xié)同 6.Resume normal control 恢復(fù)正常的 控制 7.Turn this image into reality 把幻想變成現(xiàn) 實(shí) 8. Be viewed as replacements for 被視為 的替代品 9.Be v

26、ulnerable to 很容易受到 10.Be more effective at 更有效的 11.By mean of 用；依靠 12.Be shifted from to 將轉(zhuǎn)移 到 13.A wide range of 大范圍的 14.Turn out to be 結(jié)果是；被證明 是 15.Invest their resources toward 向投 入資源 1.Its worth taking a fresh look at this concept 2.The luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be en

27、joyed by all,not just the wealthiest individuals. 3.Make it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction. 4.With advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system. 1.a illustrate that the idea of automatic cars has been arou

28、nd a long time. 2.c human drivers cannot safely travelclose behind other vehhicles 3.c do not need special equipment buried in the road. 4.d can find it difficult to operate in bad weather. 5.b deciding when it is safe to change lanes. 6.b positive Choose the best answer for each of the following. T

29、ranslation 1.These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements,but they do not require special roadway installations,other than well-maintained lane maekings. 這類系統(tǒng)易受氣候變化的影響，提供的數(shù)據(jù)不夠精這類系統(tǒng)易受氣候變化的影響，提供的數(shù)據(jù)不夠精 確，但它們不需要特別的道路設(shè)施，只需要將車道確，但它們不需要特別的道路設(shè)施，只需要將車道 標(biāo)志維護(hù)好就行了。標(biāo)志維護(hù)好就行了。 2.

30、However,it should not take long for the coats to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators,especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today。 然而，不用多久，其成本就能為廣大車輛擁然而，不用多久，其成本就能為廣大車輛擁 有者和駕駛者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以有者和駕駛者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以

31、 應(yīng)用的技術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場，開始了批量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的技術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場，開始了批量生產(chǎn) 。 3.The largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it is more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is. 電子駕駛應(yīng)用的最大障礙可能在于一種普遍電子駕駛應(yīng)用的最大障礙可能在于一種普遍 的觀念，認(rèn)為這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用比實(shí)際情況更的觀念，認(rèn)為這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用比實(shí)際情況

32、更 困難，更昂貴。困難，更昂貴。 4.Given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems,it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control. 考慮到所有這些運(yùn)用安全自動化交通運(yùn)輸考慮到所有這些運(yùn)用安全自動化交通運(yùn)輸 系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開發(fā)由自動控制系統(tǒng)操縱的系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開發(fā)由自動控制系統(tǒng)操縱的 公路車輛算不上什么大的飛躍。公路車輛算不上什么大的飛躍。

33、Language Practice 1.c 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.f 6.g 7.d 8.h 2.1)en route 2）matures 3)equivalent 4)feasible 5)in cooperation with 6)exposure 7)At the start of 8)thereby 9)implemented 10)realistic 11)component 12)by means of Intelligent Vehicles In The Future Hyperloop超回路列車 It is a type of steel pipeline, the train will be transported to the destination, people can reach 1200 km per hour. Super loop, however, the inpu