標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語

1、中國貿(mào)易網(wǎng) 免費發(fā)布產(chǎn)品信息INTRODUCTIONThese SMCP have been compiled:-to assist in the greater safety of navigation and of the conduct of ship,-to standardize the language used in communication for navigation at sea, in port-approaches, in waterways, harbours and on board vessels.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語用于：-提高航海和船舶操縱的安全性；-使海上航行

2、、進出港操縱、水道航行、港內(nèi)作業(yè)及船上業(yè)務(wù)的通信語言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。These phrases are not intended to supplant or contradict the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 or special local rules or recommendations made by IMO concerning ships routeing. Neither are they intended to supersede the International Code o

3、f Signals nor to supplant normal radiotelephone practice as set out in the ITU Regulations.這些語句不用作代替1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則、特殊規(guī)則以及國際海事組織對于船舶日常作業(yè)作出的建議，也不打算與這些規(guī)則相矛盾；這些語句不用作取代國際信號規(guī)則，也不用作代替國際電信聯(lián)盟規(guī)定的正常無線電話通信規(guī)則。These SMCP meet the requirements of the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, and of the SOLAS Convention, 1

4、974, as revised, regarding verbal communications; moreover, the phrases cover the communication relevant safety aspects laid down in these Conventions. Knowledge, understanding and the competence to use the SMCP are required by the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, for officers in charge of a navig

5、ational watch on vessels of 500 gross tonnage or more. Use of the communication phrases should be made as often as possible in preference to other wording of similar meaning, and they should be part of instruction in maritime education and training.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語符合經(jīng)修正的1978年海員培訓(xùn)、發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際公約、經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命

6、安全公約有關(guān)口語通信的要求；而且，這些用語也包括了上述兩個公約中有關(guān)安全事宜的通信。經(jīng)修正的1974年國際海上人命安全公約對于500總噸及以上船舶的值班駕駛員使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的知識水平、理解能力和應(yīng)用能力作出了要求。在通信中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語的使用應(yīng)優(yōu)先于其它具有類似意義的措辭，而且這應(yīng)成為航海教育與培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容的一部分。In this way they are intended to become an acceptable safety language, using the English language, for the verbal interchange of intellige

7、nce between individuals of all maritime nations on the many and varied occasions when precise meanings and translations are in doubt, increasingly evident under modern conditions at sea. For that purpose the SMCP build on basic knowledge of the English language, and they have been drafted in a simpl

8、ified version of maritime English intentionally reducing grammatical, lexical and idiomatic varieties to a tolerable minimum and standardized structures for the sake of the function of the SMCP, i.e. diminishing misunderstanding in safety related verbal communications.在現(xiàn)代航海生產(chǎn)中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語旨在當(dāng)表達和翻譯有異義時逐漸

9、成為航運國家所有人員之間口語通信中可接受的有關(guān)安全的英語語言。為此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語基于英語的基本知識，其起草中，將語法、詞匯和慣用法縮減到了可接受的最低水平，形成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說，在有關(guān)安全的口語通信中減少了有歧義的部分。The accompanying CD / Cassette could be helpful to familiarize with the correct pronunciation of the phrases.附加的光盤和磁盤有助于熟悉這些用語的發(fā)音。The typographical conventions used throughout most of th

10、is communication phrases are as follows:這些用語中使用的常用編排符號如下：( )brackets括號indicate that the part of the message enclosed within the brackets may be added where it is relevant, or they enclose a brief explanation of the preceding phrase;括號中的內(nèi)容是可添加的內(nèi)容，或是前述內(nèi)容的簡單解釋； / oblique stroke后斜線indicates that the ite

11、ms on either side of the stroke are alternatives; and,斜線表示其左右的內(nèi)容可供選擇；.dots三點線indicate that the relevant information is to be filled in where the dots occur and.省略符表示在其出現(xiàn)處應(yīng)添加有關(guān)內(nèi)容。(italic letters斜體) indicate the kind of information requested.斜體表示所需的信息種類。PART I GENERAL總論1 Procedure程序When it is necessar

12、y to indicate that the SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:應(yīng)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語時應(yīng)用下述句子說明：Please use Standard Marine Communication PhrasesI will use Standard Marine Communication Phrases2. Spelling拼讀When in external communication spelling is necessary, only the following spelling table shou

13、ld be used:在與船外進行拼讀通信時，應(yīng)按下表的規(guī)定進行拼讀：LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCode wordAAlfaNNovember0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRomeo4KartefourFFoxtrotSSierra5PantafiveGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUniform7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWWhisky9NovenineKKiloX

14、X-rayFullstopStopLLimaYYankeeDecimalDecimalMMikeZZulupoint3. Message Markers語段標(biāo)識In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or radio communication in general, the following eight Message Markers may be used ( also see Application of Message Markers given in section 6 Vessel Traffic Service (VTS

15、) Standard Phrases of PART III):在“船岸”和“岸船”通信中及一般的無線電通信中，可使用下述8個語段標(biāo)識。（另見第三部分 第6節(jié) 船舶交通管理（VTS）中“語段標(biāo)識的應(yīng)用”）(i)Instruction 指示(ii)Advice 建議(iii)Warning 警告(iv)Information 信息(v)Question 問題(vi)Answer 回答(vii)Request 請求(viii)Intention 意圖4. Responses回應(yīng)4.1 When the answer to a question is in the affirmative, say:

16、Yes, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作肯定回答，請用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2When the answer to a question is in the negative, say:No, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作否定回答，請用“No”，后接全句。4.3When the information requested is not immediately available, say:Stand by - followed by the time i

17、nterval within which the information will be available.若對方要求的信息不能立即得到，請用“Stand by”，后停取得信息所需的時間。4.4When the information requested cannot be obtained, say:No information.若對方要求的信息無法得到，請用“No information”。4.5When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS-Station, Naval vessel or other fully authorized personnel ) or

18、 an ADVICE is given, respond if in the affirmative:I will / can . - followed by the instruction or advice in full; and,if in the negative, respond:I will not / cannot . - followed by the instruction or advice in full.對于一項指示（如由交管站、海軍船舶或其他經(jīng)受權(quán)人員給出）或建議，若作肯定回答，請用“I will / can .”，后接指示或建議的全句；若作否定回答，請用“I wi

19、ll not / cannot .”，后接指示或建議的全句。Example: ADVICE. Do not overtake vessel ahead of you.Respond: I will not overtake vessel ahead of me.The responses to orders of special importance, however, are given in wording in the phrases concerned.對于具有特殊重要意義的命令的回應(yīng)，在有關(guān)句中說明。5. Distress, urgency and safety signals遇險，

20、緊急和安全信號5.1MAYDAYis to be used to announce a distress message 用作標(biāo)明遇險電話通信；5.2PAN PANis to be used to announce an urgency message 用作標(biāo)明緊急電話通信；5.3SCURITis to be used to announce a safety message 用作標(biāo)明安全電話通信。6. Standard organizational phrases標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句6.1How do you read? 6.1.1I read you .bad / one with signal st

21、rength one (i.e. barely perceptible)poor / twowith signal strength two (i.e. weak)fair / threewith signal strength three(i.e. fairly good)good / four with signal strength four (i.e. good)excellent / fivewith signal strength five(i.e. very good)6.2When it is advisable to remain on a VHF channel / fre

22、quency say:若建議在VHF某一頻道或頻率上守聽，說：Stand by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.2.1When it is accepted to remain on the VHF channel / frequency indicated, say:若同意在某一指定的VHF頻道或頻率上守聽，說：Standing by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.3When it is advisable to change to another VHF channel / frequency, say:若建議改用VHF

23、的另一頻道或頻率，說：Advise (you) change to VHF channel . / frequency .,Advise(you) try VHF channel . / frequency. 6.3.1When the changing of a VHF channel / frequency is accepted, say:若同意改用VHF的另一頻道或頻率，說：Changing to VHF channel . / frequency . .7. Corrections修正When a mistake is made in a message, say:Mistake .

24、 - followed by the word:Correction . plus the corrected part of the message.若通信語句發(fā)生錯誤，說：Mistake .，后接Correction . ，再加改正的語句部分。Example:My present speed 14 knots - mistake. Correction, my present speed 12, one-two, knots.8. Readiness備妥I am / I am not ready to receive your message.9. Repetition重復(fù)9.1If an

25、y part of the message are considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say: Repeat . - followed by the corresponding part of the message.若語句的某部分特別重要而需要重復(fù)，說：Repeat . ，后接相應(yīng)語句部分。Example: My draft 12.6 repeat one-two decimal 6 metres.Do not overtake - repeat - do not overtake.9.2When a messag

26、e is not properly heard, say:Say again (please).若某語句未聽清楚，說：Say again (please).10. Numbers數(shù)字Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:數(shù)字應(yīng)分讀：One-five-zero for 150Two decimal five for 2.5Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:注意，舵令并不分讀：Fifteen for 15 or Twenty for 20

27、etc.11. Positions位置11.1When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and decimals of a minute if necessary), north or south of the Equator and east or west of Greenwich.使用經(jīng)緯度時，應(yīng)用度和分（若必要用分的10分位），后接南、北或東、西。Example:WARNING. Dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees

28、 34 minutes north 61 degrees 29 minutes west.11.2When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position FROM the mark.若位置參照物標(biāo)給出，則該物標(biāo)必須在海圖上有明確標(biāo)志。方位應(yīng)自真北起算以360度給出，自物標(biāo)量起。E

29、xample: Your position bearing 137 degrees from Barr Head lighthousedistance 2.4 nautical miles.12. Bearings方位The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may b

30、e either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.物標(biāo)或船舶的方位，應(yīng)自真北（另有說明除外）起算以360度給出，但相對方位除外。方位可自物標(biāo)亦可自船舶量起。Examples: Pilot boat bearing 215 degrees from you.Note: Vessels reporting their position should always quote their bearing FROM the mark, as described in paragraph 11.2 of this chapter.注意：船舶報告自己的船位時，方位應(yīng)自物標(biāo)

31、量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1Relative bearings 相對方位Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head or bow. More frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.相對方位可用相對于船首的角度數(shù)表示，常用首或右首表示。Example: Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow.(Relative D / F bearings are more commonly

32、expressed in the 360 degree notation.測向儀的相對方位常用360度表示)13. Courses航向Always to be expressed in 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated). Whether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.自真北以360度給出（另有說明除外），但可說明量向物標(biāo)還是自物標(biāo)量起。14. Distances距離Preferably to be expressed in nautica

33、l miles or cables (tenths of a mile) otherwise in kilometres or metres, the unit always to be stated.最好以海里或鏈（海里的小數(shù)）給出，也可用千米或米給出，但使用單位必須明確說明。15. Speed速度To be expressed in knots:應(yīng)以節(jié)給出：15.1without further notation meaning speed through the water; or,未加說明時系指對水速度；15.2ground speed meaning speed over the g

34、round.ground speed系指對地速度。16. Time時間Times should be expressed in the 24 hour notation indicating whether UTC, zone time or local time is being used.時間應(yīng)以24小時給出，并表明所作用的是協(xié)調(diào)世界時、區(qū)時還是地方時。17. Geographical names地名Place names used should be those on the chart or Sailing Directions in use.Should these not be u

35、nderstood, latitude and longitude should be given.地名應(yīng)為海圖或航路指南中所使用的名稱，若不明確，應(yīng)給出經(jīng)緯度。18. Ambiguous words意義不明確的單詞Some words in English have meanings depending on the context in which they appear. Misunderstandings frequently occur, especially in VTS communications, and have produced accidents. Such words

36、 are:英語中有些單詞的意義與上下文有關(guān)。在分道通航制通信中常發(fā)生誤解，并曾產(chǎn)生事故。例如：18.1The Conditionals May, Might, Should and Could.MayDo not say: May I enter fairway?Say:QUESTION. Is it permitted to enter fairway?Do not say:You may enter fairway.Say:ANSWER. It is permitted to enter fairway.MightDo not say:I might enter fairway.Say:I

37、NTENTION. I will enter fairway.ShouldDo not say:You should anchor in anchorage B 3.Say:ADVICE. Anchor in anchorage B 3.CouldDo not say:You could be running into danger.Say:WARNING. You are running into danger.18.2The word CanThe word Can either describes the possibility or the capability of doing so

38、mething. In the SMCP the situations where phrases using the word Can appear make it clear whether a possibility is referred to. In an ambiguous context, however, say, for example:英文中，Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)航海通信用語中，有Can的語句出現(xiàn)時，應(yīng)確切表明是否表示可能性。例如，當(dāng)不明確時應(yīng)說：QUESTION. Is it permitted to use shallow draf

39、t fairway at this time?,do not say: Can I use shallow draft fairway at this time?, if you ask for a permission. (The same applies to the word May)Note: In cases not covered by PART I General, the regular communication procedures prescribed by the ITU - Radio Regulations will prevail.注意，在總論中未說明的情況下，通

40、信中應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用國際電信同盟制定的無線電規(guī)則的規(guī)定。PART II GLOSSARY術(shù)語Abandon vesselTo evacuate a vessel from crew and passengers following a distress棄船遇險時將船員或旅客撤離船舶AdriftFloating, not controlled, without a clearly determinable direction漂航失控下無目的漂留Muster stationPlace on deck, in mess rooms, etc., assigned to crew and passenger

41、s where they have to meet according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement made集合地點船員和旅客在聽到警報或通知時按應(yīng)急表應(yīng)前往集合的甲板或餐廳等處所Backing (of wind)When a wind blows round anticlockwise (opposite of veering風(fēng)向逆轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)向逆時針改變，與veering相反Beach (to)To run a vessel upon a beach to prevent i

42、ts sinking in deep water搶灘船舶沖向海灘，以免沉沒在深水區(qū)BerthA sea room to be kept for safety around a vessel, rock, platform, etc., or the place assigned to a vessel when anchored or lying alongside a pier, etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平臺等周圍所保留的安全區(qū)，或為船舶指定的錨泊區(qū)或靠泊區(qū)等BlastA sound signal made with the whistle of the vessel聲號船笛發(fā)出的聲響B(tài)li

43、nd sectorsAreas which cannot be scanned by the radar of the vessel because they are shielded by parts of its superstructure, masts, etc.盲區(qū)由于上層建筑、桅桿等的遮擋，船舶雷達不能掃描到的區(qū)域Boarding arrangementsAll gear, such as pilot ladder, accommodation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer of the pilot登船設(shè)備引航

44、員上下船所需的引航員梯、吊繩等索具Boarding speedThe speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely embark登船速度使引航員能安全上船的與引航員艇相應(yīng)的速度BriefingA concise explanatory information to crew and passengers簡述對船員和旅客作出的簡要說明CapsizingTurning of a vessel upside down while on water傾覆船舶在水中翻倒Cardinal bu

45、oyA seamark, i.e. a buoy, indicating the north, east, south or west from a fixed point, e.g. a wreck方位標(biāo)標(biāo)明固定點如沉船的東、南、西、北方向的海上浮標(biāo)CasualtyCase of death or serious injury to a person in an accident or shipping disaster, also said of a distressed vessel遇難人員在事故或海難中死亡或受傷的案件，亦指遇難船舶Close coupled towingA metho

46、d of towing vessels through polar ice by means of icebreaking tugs with a special stern notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed緊連拖帶在極地冰區(qū)中，破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽與被拖船船首相連的拖帶方法Compatibility (of goods)states whether different goods can be stowed together in one hold相容性貨物可否同艙裝載的特性Convoy

47、A group of vessels which sail together, e.g. through a canal or ice編隊同時通過運河或冰區(qū)的船舶COWCrude oil washing: A system of cleaning the tanks by washing them with the cargo of crude oil while it is being discharged原油洗艙卸原油時利用所卸油進行洗艙的系統(tǒng)CPAClosest point of approach最小會距最小會遇距離CSSCo-ordinator surface search: A ve

48、ssel, other than a rescue unit, designated to co-ordinate surface search and rescue operation within a specified area協(xié)調(diào)船在某一區(qū)域中，指定為水面搜救作業(yè)進行協(xié)調(diào)而不實際進行救助的船舶Damage control teamA group of crew members trained for fighting flooding in the vessel堵漏隊經(jīng)訓(xùn)練在船上進行堵漏的一組船員DatumThe most probable position of a search t

49、arget at a given time基點在給定時間，搜尋目標(biāo)最可能存在的位置DerelictGoods or any other commodity, specifically a vessel abandoned at sea遺骸在海上遺棄的貨物或船舶DestinationPort which a vessel is bound for目的港船舶駛往的港口DisabledA vessel damaged or impaired in such a manner as to be incapable of proceeding its voyage失控船受到的損壞以至于不能航行的船舶Di

50、sembark (to)To go from board a vessel離船（人員）離開所在船Distress alert (GMDSS)A radio signal from a distressed vessel automatically directed to a RCC giving position, identification, course and speed of the vessel as well as the nature of distress遇險報警遇險船自動將船位、標(biāo)識、航向、速度及遇險性質(zhì)傳送到搜救協(xié)調(diào)中心的無線電信號Dragging (of anchor)

51、Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel走錨錨在水下不知不覺的移動，因其不能制止船舶的移動Dredging (of anchor)Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel拖錨錨在水下拖動以控制船舶移動DriftingFloating, caused by winds and current wi

52、th a determinable direction漂航因風(fēng)流作用而向某一方向漂移Drop back (to)To increase the distance to the vessel ahead by reducing ones own speed減速本船減速以增加與前方船的距離Embark (to)To go aboard a vessel登船登上船舶Escape routeA clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an emergency撤離路線在船上作出醒目標(biāo)志的路線，以便緊急時撤離

53、用EscortAttending a vessel, to be available in case of need, e.g ice-breaker, tug, etc.護航在必要時對船舶的保護，如利用破冰船、拖船等ETAEstimated time of arrival預(yù)抵時間預(yù)計到達時間ETD Estimated time of departure預(yù)離時間預(yù)計離開時間FairwayNavigable part of a waterway航道可航水道Fairway speedMandatory speed in a fairway航道速度在可航道中規(guī)定的行駛速度Fire partyA gr

54、oup of crew members trained for fire fighting on board消防隊經(jīng)訓(xùn)練以撲救船火的一組船員Fire patrolA round through the vessel carried out by a crew member of the watch at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire may be promptly detected; mandatory in vessels carrying more than 36 passengers防火巡邏在船上由當(dāng)值船員以一定間隔進行的巡邏以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)，載客超過36人的船對此有強制要求FloodingMajor flow of seawater into the vessel漏損海水大量進入船舶Foam monitorA powerful foam fire extinguisher standing by aboard tankers loading or discharging oil泡沫滅火噴射器裝卸貨油時油船上備用的大型泡沫滅火器Foul (of anchor)Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an o