初中八種基本時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語語法（時態(tài)）be（是/存在”動詞的各種時態(tài)變化:一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時i am .you are. he/she/it is we/you/they are（i等各人稱）will be.i am1he/she/it is廠 going to be we/you/they arei have beenyou have beenshe/he/it has been we/you/they have been.一般過去時過去將來時過去完成時i was .you were.he/she/it waswe/you/they were （i等各人稱）would be；i washe/she/i

2、t wasg going to be we/you/they wereji had beenyou had been .she/he/it had been we/you/they had been.其它謂語動詞（主動語態(tài)）的時態(tài)變化一覽表:現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時謂語動詞 構(gòu)成動詞用原形（單三加 s / es（問句和否定句借用助詞do / doesam is+are j動詞-ingwill + 動 amis+are,1詞原形agoing to+動詞原形have +過去分詞 has過去時態(tài)一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時謂語動詞 構(gòu)成動詞用過去式（問句和否定句借

3、用助詞did）was -were卜詞-ingwould +was +were 動詞原形going to+動詞原形had +過去分詞注意在其它的時態(tài)中也存在類似問題，記住，關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達(dá)一段時 間的狀語連用。如：how long may i keep the book?（這本書我能借多久？）（句子中keep取代了 borrow）注意：句型變化時,否定句在 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面力口 not,而且 not 都可以縮寫為n t （anw面not不可以縮寫）；第i頁.-共io頁疑問句將 am /is /a

4、re /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前至u句首。八種時態(tài)的具體用法：（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時：表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或說明主語的特 征。一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every（day 等），once/twice,a （week等），on （sunday 等）,never,in the （morning 等）。如：they go to the palace museum once a year.他們每年去一次故宮）/they often discuss busin

5、ess in the evening（他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談牛意 ） 表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：the earth turns round the sun.（地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）/light travels faster than sound .（光傳播比聲音快） 表示十分確定會發(fā)生（如安排好的事情）或按照時間表進(jìn)行 的事情，用一般現(xiàn) 在可以表達(dá)將來 句子中可以有將來時間。如：the train for haikou leaves at 8 : 00 in the morning.（開往海 口的列車上午 8 點開車） 在時間狀語從句 中（以when, af

6、ter, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)）和條 件狀語從句中（以if,unless引導(dǎo)），用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，句子可以有 將來時間。如：please ring me up as soon as you arrive in germany.（你一到德國就給我打電 話）/if it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.（如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家）一般現(xiàn)在時用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)牛的動作，動詞以come, go為主。如：here comes the bus.（車來了）/there goes t

7、he bell（鈴響了）。（2）一般過去時 表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性，也 可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。 表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時，時間狀語有：at （eight） （yesterdaymorning）,（ten minutes） ago, when 弓i導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：i got up at 6: 00 this morning.（我是早上六點鐘起床的）/little tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.（小湯姆今天早 卜九點半把窗子打破了 ）/when he went into the ro

8、om,he saw a stranger talking with his father .（他走進(jìn) 房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話） 表示過去一段時間內(nèi)不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時，時間狀語有：yesterday,last （year 等），in （1998 等）。如：he came to our city in the year 2000.（他 2000 年來到我們市） 表示過去一個階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時，時間狀語有：last,in, from to ，for（10 years）,often,usually, sometimes, always, nevef。如： mr jackson

9、usually went to evening schools when he was young. / every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. 講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時，而且經(jīng)常省略時間狀語。如：i happened to meet rose in the street.我正好在街上遇到露西）（3） 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)牛的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時的時 間狀語有：tomorrow,this （afternoon）,next （year）,one day,no

10、w,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, whenh 導(dǎo)的從句等。用will構(gòu)成的將來時，表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)。shall”用于第一人 稱，will”用于所有人稱。如：i will graduate from this school soon.（我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了）/ you will stay alone after i leave.（我走了之后你就要一個人過了） am/is/are going to+動詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情，或者主觀判斷 即將要發(fā)生的事情，而am/is/are to +動詞原形”表示安排或計劃中的動作。如：a

11、man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.（有個人 告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩）/it s going train soon.（天快要下雨了） 表示一個人臨時決定要做某事，可以用will表達(dá)。如：i will go to the lab to get some chemicals （化學(xué)藥劑）.so please wait until i return.（我要到化學(xué)實驗室去取些藥品，請等我回來） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示將來。（見相應(yīng)時態(tài)） shall和will在口語的一些疑問句中相

12、當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞。shall一般與第一人 稱連用,will 與第二人稱連用。如：shall we go to the zoo next saturday7我們 下周六去動物園好嗎？ ）/ will you please open the door for me?（替我把門打 開好嗎？）be to +動詞原形”表示按照計劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：an angel came to tellher that she was to have this special boy.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一 定在進(jìn)行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由 助動詞be （am is

13、are ） +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語有：now, this ，thes等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：what are you doing up in the tree?（你在樹上干什么？ ）/i am writing a long novel these days.（我最近在寫一本長篇小說 ）表示即將發(fā)生的動作，一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, d灣。如：i m comingnow.（我就來）/what are you doing tomorrow?（你明天干什么? ）/he is leaving soon.（他就要走了 ）

14、（5）過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 過去進(jìn)行時由was（第一、三人稱單數(shù)）或were（第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù) 數(shù)）+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at （eight） yesterday （morning）,（a year） ago,以及由 when弓i出的時間狀語從句。如：he was cooking supper this time yesterday（昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯 ）/ the little girl was playing with her toy

15、 when i saw her .（我看到小女孩的時候 她正在玩玩具） 用于賓語從句或時間狀語從句中，表示與主句動作同時進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時間 較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如：she saw it happen when she was walking past.她路過時看到事情的發(fā)生）/ they sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.（他俏i在黑 暗的森林里走時唱了很多歌）（6）現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作，或表示開始在過去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動作。

16、在完成時由 助動詞have （has）+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作時，時間狀語有：already, yet, just,once, twice,ever, never,three times, before。如：i have never seen such fine pictures before.（我以前從來沒有看過這么好的 畫）/he has just gone to england.（他剛?cè)ビ┍硎驹谶^去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能延續(xù)下去）的動作或狀態(tài)時，時間狀語 有：for （two years）,since 1990, since （two weeks

17、 ago）口 since 弓i導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如：i have been away from my hometown for thirty years.（我離開家鄉(xiāng)有 30 年 了）/uncle wang has worked in the factory since it opened .（自從這家工廠開張，王叔 叔一直在那兒工作）口語中have got往往表示have（有）的意思。如：they have got thousands of books in their library .（他們圖書館有上萬本書）have been to與 have gone to的區(qū)另u: have gone

18、to（巴經(jīng)去了 ”表示人不在這 里,have been to（去過”表示人在這里。如：-where is mr li? -he has gone to the uk.（李先生在哪里？他去了英國。）/-do you know something about beijing?-yes,i have been to beijing three times.（你知道北京的情況嗎？是的，我去 過那里三次。）（7）過去完成時過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。簡言之，過去完成時所表示的時間是過去的過去過去完成時由 助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時時間狀語有：by （y

19、esterday）, by then, by the end of （last 或者由 when,before 等弓i出狀語從句。有時句子中會有 already, just, once, ever, never 等詞語，也會有for 或since 構(gòu)成的時間狀語。如：they had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.（當(dāng) 老師來的時候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室）/the woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.（在他發(fā)覺那個婦女是 個騙子時她已經(jīng)

20、走掉了 ）過去完成時常用于賓語從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中，或者從句是before引導(dǎo) 的主句中。如：after i had put on my shoes and hat,i walked into the darkness.（我穿上鞋子 戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中）/he said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.（他說他以前從來沒有見過袋 鼠）（8）過去將來時過去將來時表示在過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由 助動詞should（第一人稱）或would（第二、三人稱）+動詞原形”構(gòu) 成。在美國英語中，過去將來時的助動詞一律用

21、would +動詞原形”。過去將來時常由于賓語從句中，時間狀語有：later, soon, the next （day）.第6頁，總共10頁在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時，而應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。如：he promised that he would pay me a lot if i helped him with the project.（他答 應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€項目）/every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.（以前每次 只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書）表示純粹的將來時

22、用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用 was/were going to （+動詞原形）。如：she told me she would be 18 the next month（她告訴我她下個月就 18 歲 了）/ she told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog（她告訴我她打算帶 她的寵物狗去散步）過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經(jīng)常性的動作。如：when it rained in the day,he would bring an umbrella with him .（白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘

23、）（9）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼 續(xù)下去的動作，它具有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時雙重特征，結(jié)構(gòu)是：have/has + been動 詞的現(xiàn)在分詞如：i have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.（我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里 游了將近兩個小時）/how long have you been waiting here?（你在這里一直等了 多久？）時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)（一）1. sales of cds have greatly increased since the early 1990s, whe

24、n people to enjoythe advantages of this new technology.a. beginb. beganc. have begund. had begun2. turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showinghappy families.a. will often see b. often seec. are often seeing d. have often seen3. i hear jane has gone to the holy island for

25、 her holiday. oh, how nice! do you know when she?a. was leavingb. had leftc. has leftd. left第6頁，總共10頁4. what were you doing when tony phoned you?i had just finished my work and to take a shower.a. had startedb. startedc. have startedd. was starting5. i you not to move my dictionary now i can t find

26、it.a. askedb. askc. was askingd. had asked6. has sam finished his homework today? i have no idea. he it this morning.a. didb. has donec. was doingd. had done7. what s that terrible noise?the neighbors for a party.d. will preparea. have preparedb. are preparing c. prepare8. now that she is out of a j

27、ob, lucy going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to consider9. the teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.a. wasb. were c. had beend. would be10. the discussion alive when

28、an interesting topic was brought in.a. was comingb. had come c. has comed. came11. because the shop, all the t-shirts are sold at half price.a. has closed downb. closed down c. is closing downd. had closed down12. let s keep to the point or we any decisions.第7頁，總共10頁a. will never reachb. have never

29、reachedc. never reachd. never reached13. my mind wasn t on what he was saying so i m afraid i half of it.a. was missingb. had missedc. will missd. missed14. you were out when i dropped in at your house. oh, i for a friend from england at the airport.a. was waitingb. had waitedc. am waitingd. has wai

30、ted時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)（二）1. she has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book 50 million.a. have reachedb. has reached c. are reachingd. had reached2. he kept looking at her, wondering whether he her somewhere.a. sawb. has seenc. seesd. had seen3. the crazy fans patiently for two hours and they wou

31、ld wait till the movie stararrived.a. were waitingb. had been waitingc. had waitedd. would wait4. she her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to chongqing for a betterjob.a. would changeb. has changed c. changedd. was changing5. the first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power increasedenormously ever since.a. isb. wasc. has beend. had been6. you haven t said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it?第9頁，總共10頁i m sorry ianything about it sooner. i certainly think ita. wasn t sayingb.