高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)研討會(huì)發(fā)言材料：英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)

1、高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)研討會(huì)發(fā)言材料：英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué) 各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，各位老師，大家好：詞匯是組成語(yǔ)言的最基本材料，猶如大廈之磚瓦，鋪路之基石?！皐ilkins(1972):without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.全日制義務(wù)教育、普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)部分就對(duì)詞匯教學(xué)提出了具體目標(biāo)并進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)描述。我們學(xué)校一直非常重視詞匯教學(xué)，每一屆學(xué)生都從高一堅(jiān)持到高三。具體做法如下：一、重視語(yǔ)音教學(xué)在詞匯教學(xué)中的重要性學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)單詞，首先是要能正確發(fā)音。進(jìn)入高中的學(xué)生大部分雖

2、已經(jīng)較好地掌握了英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)，但是并非所有的同學(xué)都能正確朗讀每一個(gè)音標(biāo)，相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生在朗讀多音節(jié)單詞時(shí)，往往不能把握單詞重音的正確位置。因此，我們?cè)陂_(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)會(huì)相應(yīng)講解一些發(fā)音規(guī)律，拼寫(xiě)規(guī)律及語(yǔ)音學(xué)相關(guān)知識(shí)，幫助學(xué)生能基本做到見(jiàn)形讀音，因音記形。在很大程度上幫助學(xué)生克服記憶單詞的恐懼。二、構(gòu)詞法是詞匯教學(xué)的得力助手英語(yǔ)中的很多詞匯是借助構(gòu)詞法變化的。我們一直很重視引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)來(lái)辨認(rèn)和記憶英語(yǔ)單詞。構(gòu)詞法包括合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等方法。學(xué)生掌握此方法就可以推測(cè)出一類(lèi)詞的意思。以派生為例，我們通過(guò)展示適量例句讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)前綴、后綴。eg：he disliked it when she behave

3、d badly in front of his mother.even friends disagree sometimes.his version of what happened is incorrect.thats most inconvenient for me. im working that weekend.當(dāng)學(xué)生了解了dis-，in-等前綴表示“不”的意思后，再見(jiàn)到incomplete,disappear等就可以猜到這些詞的含義；了解了后綴-less加在名詞后可以變成詞義相反的形容詞，就不難猜到careless,hopeless,homeless等詞的含義。另外，學(xué)生還可能會(huì)碰到

4、含多重詞綴、較為復(fù)雜的詞匯，例如：independence,unfortunately等，通過(guò)讓學(xué)生了解了構(gòu)詞方法并學(xué)會(huì)分析，就能做到舉一反三，對(duì)學(xué)生擴(kuò)大詞匯量有了很大幫助，而且使學(xué)生記憶單詞更便捷、更牢固。更重要的是幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立了信心。為此，我們老師自己編寫(xiě)了一些短文，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。例如學(xué)習(xí)convenient時(shí)：我們編寫(xiě)了如下范文my uncles house was not very convenient for supermarkets. so it was inconvenient for him to do some shopping. for convenience, he bo

5、ught a car last year. but soon he found a bicycle was often more convenient than a car in town. now he has another house downtown, which is conveniently situated close to shops and my house. so at his convenience, he often buys some gifts for me. 通過(guò)本篇短文，學(xué)生可以很容易的掌握convenient, conveniently, inconvenie

6、nt, convenience及其搭配用法。三.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行詞匯教學(xué)呂叔湘先生曾說(shuō)過(guò)“詞語(yǔ)要嵌在上下文里才有生命?！庇⒄Z(yǔ)詞匯很多是多義詞和多類(lèi)詞，因此，在處理重點(diǎn)詞匯時(shí)，我們總是千方百計(jì)地把詞匯與句子、語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)，在平時(shí)就訓(xùn)練學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文情景猜測(cè)詞義并運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯的能力。例如我們用以下短文總結(jié)了attach的用法：at one time, i was attached to my mother, so i always attached myself to her at any time, even when she had to work, which made her bored. l

7、ater, i had to go to a school which was attached to a teachers college, where i attached great importance to dependence and i knew great risks attached to my former behaviour. now i am outgoing and have graduated from university. yesterday i filled an application form which required me to attach my

8、recent photograph to it. 這篇短文把a(bǔ)ttach這一詞匯的用法全部概括其中，鍛煉了學(xué)生猜測(cè)詞義和概括詞匯用法的能力。四給出典型示例，讓學(xué)生歸納詞匯用法進(jìn)行詞匯教學(xué)1. 詞匯辨析歸納法例如：在學(xué)習(xí)以-ing和-ed形式結(jié)尾的形容詞的時(shí)候，我們給出這樣的例句：(1) hisspeechwasboring.(2) wefeltboredwiththeboring speech.(3) it is an amazing discovery so that we are amazed at it.通過(guò)觀察和比較，學(xué)生總結(jié)出以-ing形式結(jié)尾的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征

9、。而以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的感受或所處的狀態(tài)。可以概括為：以-ing形式結(jié)尾的形容詞都表達(dá)“令人的”，而以-ed形式結(jié)尾的形容詞則表達(dá)“感到的”含義。再配以針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，學(xué)生很容易掌握這類(lèi)詞匯的用法。2. 短語(yǔ)積累歸納法有時(shí)，一個(gè)單詞與不同單詞搭配會(huì)有不同意思，我們通過(guò)展示精彩例句讓學(xué)生翻譯，歸納總結(jié)，加深了學(xué)生的記憶。如：1).were going to get together with some friends for a picnic. would you like to join us?2).it was not a serious illness，and she so

10、on got over it.3). if we can get over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right. 4).the final examination is coming up soon. its time for us to get down to our studies.5).we have to get in the wheat as soon as possible because a storm in on the way.6). its going to rain. xiao fen

11、g, will you please help me get in the clothes on the line.7). i used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we get along fine.8). i tried phoning maggies office in the morning, but i couldnt get through.9). hardly could he get through this amount of work in such a short time.這些以高考單選題展示的例句能讓學(xué)生重視積累

12、常用短語(yǔ)的用法。（跟蹤訓(xùn)練略）3. 一詞多意或熟詞生意歸納法 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察、比較和翻譯等歸納詞匯或短語(yǔ)的不同用法。以pick up 這一短語(yǔ)為例：1） she went over to the crying child and picked her up.2） will you pick up all your toys?3） we managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction(拍賣(mài)場(chǎng)）.4） she picked up spanish when she was living in mexico.5） we were able to pi

13、ck up the bbc world service.6） the bus picks up passengers outside the airport.7） trade usually picks up in the spring.8） lets pick up where we left off(停下） yesterday.這些例句鮮明地告訴學(xué)生同一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或單詞在不同句中表達(dá)的意思可能會(huì)完全不同，引導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生注重句子翻譯。（跟蹤訓(xùn)練略）4. 同意轉(zhuǎn)述歸納法英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言相當(dāng)豐富，同一意思會(huì)有多種不同表達(dá)，以避免語(yǔ)言表述上的單調(diào)重復(fù)。我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)中進(jìn)行了大量這樣的訓(xùn)練。如以下例句皆表達(dá)了同一意思

14、。1). he has decided to leave school to make money to support his family.2. he has made a decision to leave school to make money to support his family.3). he has determined to leave school to make money to support his family.4). he has been determined to leave school to make money to support his fami

15、ly.3). he has made a determination to leave school to make money to support his family.3). he has made up his mind to leave school to make money to support his family.3). he has set his mind to leave school to make money to support his family.這一訓(xùn)練對(duì)學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力的提升幫助很大。在閱讀理解中，出題者設(shè)計(jì)試題時(shí)總會(huì)用不同的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)文本中的某些信息進(jìn)

16、行同意轉(zhuǎn)述。如以下題目：原句：many of the best wildlife photos come from good planning.題目：how can photographers take good photos?a. by making good preparation.原句：he(jay) took a large piece of paper and laid it on the ground.題目：the next day, jay put a piece of paper on the ground.(b)原句：his buildings were not only b

17、eautiful but they were also functional.題目：the character of wrights buildings can be described as they were beautiful in design and practical in use.原句：dont wipe the scales off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease 題目：which of the following will probably make a fish ill?b. removing

18、its scales.五利用閱讀材料進(jìn)行詞匯教學(xué)閱讀與詞匯知識(shí)有著相輔相成，相互促進(jìn)，相互提高的作用。學(xué)生只有通過(guò)廣泛的閱讀，才能獲得最大的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐量。我們通過(guò)教材精讀來(lái)進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué), 掌握詞匯的英語(yǔ)定義和用法，因精讀有限，我們就利用考試或練習(xí)的閱讀材料中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué), 擴(kuò)大學(xué)生詞匯量。學(xué)生通過(guò)廣泛的閱讀，每多接觸一次詞匯，大腦中的記憶就多加深一層，同時(shí)，對(duì)未學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯和語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象也會(huì)有初次的識(shí)記。我們?cè)谥v解這些閱讀材料時(shí)通常會(huì)給出該高頻詞的音標(biāo), 結(jié)合該單詞出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)境, 適當(dāng)舉例, 讓學(xué)生在會(huì)讀、會(huì)寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯, 擴(kuò)大學(xué)生已有的詞匯量, 從而提

19、高其英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。六詞匯教學(xué)成果的鞏固不可忽視我們都知道學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的最終目的是讓學(xué)生會(huì)使用這些詞匯，只有通過(guò)一定量的練習(xí)，才能夠讓學(xué)生真正會(huì)運(yùn)用所學(xué)到的詞匯。所以，練習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)是鞏固詞匯教學(xué)成果不容忽視的兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。1.設(shè)置語(yǔ)境化練習(xí)，幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)一步理解鞏固詞匯“練習(xí)”是一種有目的、有步驟、有指導(dǎo)的活動(dòng)，它不是簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的重復(fù)。我們學(xué)校常采用的練習(xí)方式有：i. 選詞填空（注意詞形變化）guest owe greedily manner requirement fixed1. how many people are there who live on _ incomes? 1. _2. he _ his

20、 success to his hard work. 2. _3. everyone should work hard to meet the basic_of life. 3._ 4. she was so hungry and ate _. 4. _ 5. the _in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.5._ ii根據(jù)所給單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)意思填空 1. if you want to pass your exams youd better change youre a_. 2. everyone lik

21、es a person with good b 3. computer (技術(shù)) will become more and more important in the future. 4. the revision (包括) everything we learned last term.5he is e about going abroadiii. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1it is an discovery so that we are at it; to our ,it is a disabled man who made the discovery. (amaze)2his

22、 questions made me greatly. i felt my face burning with . (embarrass)3he was at the news，so there was a look on his face.(disappoint)iv. 用所學(xué)短語(yǔ)完成句子。1. pete work. 皮特對(duì)工作的態(tài)度十分消極。2. his first speech as president his audience.他當(dāng)總統(tǒng)后的第一次演講給聽(tīng)眾留下了深刻的印象。3. the factory buildings over 6,000 square meters.工廠廠房占地六

23、千平方米。v. 用文中所學(xué)詞匯填空，完成短文。 it is summer of 1903in london. two rich brothers, roderick and oliver are making a bet to see whether a penniless man can s_ a month with only a million pound bank note when they s_ henry adams, an american businessman, who was lucky to be r_at sea and he e_ his passage by wo

24、rking as an unpaid hand. but after arriving at london, he has to w_in the street. they choose henry and persuade him to agree and ask him not to open the letter until two oclock. 以上這些練習(xí)在很大程度上提高了學(xué)生分析，辨析，翻譯的能力。vi. 能力提升訓(xùn)練（利用模塊所學(xué)知識(shí)，完成短文或作文）寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練寫(xiě)作能力永遠(yuǎn)是學(xué)生語(yǔ)言輸出能力的核心，分值占全卷的五分之一。寫(xiě)作也是英語(yǔ)能力的綜合體現(xiàn)，有很強(qiáng)的區(qū)分度，是第二卷能否得高分的核心砝碼。寫(xiě)作的要害問(wèn)題不在于高分區(qū)的學(xué)生能否發(fā)揮最佳，關(guān)鍵還是要解決腰里軟的問(wèn)題，就是大量的中等學(xué)生或者英語(yǔ)邊緣生、偏科生所面臨的有知識(shí)無(wú)能力的問(wèn)題。普遍存在的問(wèn)題是：只會(huì)零碎知識(shí)，不會(huì)整合使用，把英語(yǔ)知識(shí)肢解了；只會(huì)機(jī)械記憶，不會(huì)靈活使用，一說(shuō)就知，一用就錯(cuò)。原因在于：缺乏適合學(xué)生的有效的訓(xùn)練載體，沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的真實(shí)的需要，課堂上作了無(wú)用功，教學(xué)缺乏目的，也缺乏調(diào)查研究，盲目性太大。從