新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總集

1、新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總集新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總集(1)時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。（1） 含有be動(dòng)詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHe is not a teac

2、her.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.（2）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him

3、?Does the dog like bones? 變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化。 He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。（3）其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I wa

4、nt to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.

5、Yes, we do. No, we dont 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成： 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分(現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄)We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming a

6、cross the river?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示

7、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（1） 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,（2） have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí) 3. 一般過去時(shí) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,（1）含有be動(dòng)詞的句子， 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beaut

8、iful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you

9、were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?(必背)（2）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to

10、a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4.

11、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞用法：（1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)（2） 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished yo

12、ur homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?（3） 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.（4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have bee

13、n to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))He has gone to London.(人還在那里)（5） 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. N

14、o, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, t

15、he year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用 結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow? Will the pilot fly to Japan the month aft

16、er the next? Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not. Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will no

17、t. Yes, he will. No, he will not. 特殊疑問句：What will you do? 6. 過去完成時(shí) 用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，

18、如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Had she finished her homework? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt. 特殊疑問句：What had she done? 7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he drop

19、ped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.What had she done? 新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總集(2) 1 問句： 一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1) 一般疑問句： 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2) 特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is your name?3) 選擇疑問句： orDo you want beef

20、or lamb?4) 反意疑問句： 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分， 否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You dont need that pen, do you?5) 否定疑問句： 一般疑問句+否定詞Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest? 2 名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1)不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米)抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness(寒冷)不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用a, an修飾不能加s和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配2)可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要

21、用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，(口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿)，剩下一般加s, radioradios規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g.

22、 lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies3)不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man(men) woman(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)0child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish) 3 副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化 副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：The book is very goo

23、d.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副詞變化形式：直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately 4 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, migh

24、t, need, 1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能夠)， must(必須)， may(可以)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHe can not make the tea.Sally can not air the room.We can not speak English.肯定回答

25、及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he can not.Yes, she can. No, she can not.Yes, we can. No, we can not.特殊疑問句：What can you do?(必背)注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2)Must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3)must, may, might表示猜測(cè)： must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)m

26、ust have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have been doing 表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt 表示不可能 5 need 用法： 表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done，表示被動(dòng)The flowers need wate

27、ring.Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt. 6 不定代詞及不定副詞： Some any no everything something anything nothing everythingone someone anyone anything everyonewhere somewhere anywhere anywhere everywherebody somebody anybody no

28、body everybody1)I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.2)If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.3)Help! Somebody? Anybody?4)You are really something.5)Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.6)Where did you go? I went nowhere.7)Nobody is at

29、home.8)I have nothing left. 7 感嘆句： 1) What +名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)What a beautiful girl she is!2) How + 形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)How beautiful the girl is! 8 直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ) 如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1) 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)-過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-過去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)-過去將來(lái)時(shí)be going to-was/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2)

30、時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3) 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。4) 直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ)， a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Give me a boo

31、k.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總集(3） 1、代詞及be動(dòng)詞 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you her/him/it them代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours he

32、rs/his/its theirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is arebe動(dòng)詞過去時(shí) was were were were was were2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells toytoys規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies3、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fl