18-19Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)

1、Section山 Grammar過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟 Now once taught by me，shed become an upper class lady. But， sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three mon ths as a duchess at an ambassadorsgarde n party. Seriously injured， he had to be taken to hospital. The

2、teacher came in, followed by a group of stude nts. He was found lying on the ground，his hands tied.1. 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或元成的 動(dòng)作。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以單獨(dú)使用， 既可位于句首，如句，也可放 在句尾，如句；也可以在其前 面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，如句和句 。2. 過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，如果不一 致，我們常在過(guò)去分詞前加上其 邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)， 如句。語(yǔ)法精要點(diǎn)撥過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主

3、語(yǔ)，且過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之 間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系?？键c(diǎn)一過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能和位置i過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）表示被動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，其邏輯主語(yǔ)則為句子的 主語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，可表 示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、方式、伴隨等。When offered help one often says“Thank you” or “Its kind of you.（日寸I、間狀 語(yǔ)）當(dāng)被提供幫助的時(shí)候，人們常說(shuō)“Thank you或“Its kind of you?！盙iven another chance I will do it much better.（條件狀語(yǔ)）

4、如果再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)干得更好Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.（原因狀語(yǔ)）在 他所做的事情的鼓勵(lì)下，我也加入了幫助他人的行列。Visited many times the place is still worth visiting again.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）雖然已參觀了很多次，這個(gè)地方仍值得再來(lái)。He has been preparing his paper all day long locked in his study方式狀語(yǔ)） 鎖在書(shū)房里，他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備論文。The guest walked

5、 into the room greeted by his owne（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）客人一邊和主人打招呼，一邊走進(jìn)了房間。2. 過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中間 用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。He stood there silently, moved to tears.=Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。即時(shí)演練1寫(xiě)出下列句中黑體部分分別充當(dāng)什么狀語(yǔ) Clearly and thought

6、fully written，the book in spires con fide nee in stude nts who wish to seek their own an swers.原因狀語(yǔ) Time，used correctly is money in the bank.條件狀語(yǔ) If asked to look after luggage for someone elsei nform the police at on ee.條件狀語(yǔ) Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式狀語(yǔ) When (y

7、ou are) given a medical examination you should keep calm.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)二過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)的幾種情況1. 過(guò)去分詞在句中作時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間、 第3頁(yè)條件、原因及讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Seen from the top of the mountain（=When it is seen from the top of the mountain），the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看，整個(gè)城市看起來(lái)更美了。Encouraged by the progress he has

8、made, he works harder. As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得成績(jī)的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 2過(guò)去分詞在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可改為句子的并列謂語(yǔ)或改為 并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students = and was followed by two student）s后面跟著兩個(gè)學(xué)生，老師走進(jìn)了房間。He spe nt the whole after noon, locked in h

9、is study（ = and was locked in his study）他把自己鎖在書(shū)房里度過(guò)了一整個(gè)下午。 3過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可與與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句互換。而從句連詞改成過(guò)去分 詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。Even if I am invited（= Even if invited）, I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)參加那個(gè)宴會(huì)。Unless you are asked to speak= Unless asked to speak you should rema in silent at the

10、 meeting.除非被要求說(shuō)話，在會(huì)上你應(yīng)該保持沉默。4過(guò)去分詞 （短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞 （短語(yǔ)）的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)， 否則，分詞 （短語(yǔ) ）前應(yīng)加上自己的主語(yǔ)。這種帶有自身主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）被稱(chēng)為過(guò)去分詞 （短語(yǔ)）的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。過(guò)去分詞 （短語(yǔ)）的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)， 可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。The test finished，we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開(kāi)始放假了。More time given, we could have done it much better果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好即時(shí)演練2句型轉(zhuǎn)換 When they

11、were asked who had broken the vase the children all kept silent.f Asked who had broken the vase the children all kept silent. If we are united, we will make our life better.f United, we will make our life better. Although we were exhausted by the hard work we went on with it.f Exhausted by the hard

12、work we went on with it.考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的最主要的區(qū)別在于兩者與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng) 與被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，它們之 間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生用一般式doing；如果現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，表示已經(jīng)完成，表示主動(dòng)就用havi ng done,表示被動(dòng)就用 having been doneWalking along the street I met a friend of mine.沿著大街走時(shí)，我碰到了我的一個(gè)朋友。Having finished the

13、ir work，they went home to have a rest完成工作后，他們 回家休息一下。2過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們 之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more attention, the tree could have grown bette如果給予更多的關(guān)注，小樹(shù)本來(lái)能夠長(zhǎng)得更好一些。Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。即時(shí)演練3單句語(yǔ)法填空 Impressed(impress) by the beautiful scene，l forgo

14、t to go back home in time. Looking(look) out of the window， I found many children playing on the playgro und.語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用落實(shí)I .單句語(yǔ)法填空1. Much time spen t(spe nd) sitti ng at a desk, office workers are gen erally troubled by health problems.2. Absorbed(absorb) in pain ti ng, Joh n did nt no tice eve ning appro

15、ach ing.3. Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to beco ming a football star.4. When faced (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.5.If given (give) better attention, the serious accident could have been avoided.6. The hospital has recently obtained ne

16、w medical equipment allowing(allow) more patie nts to be treated.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：40342024】7. Founded(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childre ns love of art.8. Faced(face) with the in creas ing un employme nt ma ny people went on strike in most of the Europea n coun tries.n.單句改錯(cuò)1

17、. Dressing in a beautiful white dress the bride looks very elegant and attractive.Dress “尸 Dressed2. All the students seating the papers were handed out.seatingseated3. Comparing with westerners eastern people are more conservative.Compari ng Compared4. He stood there silently, moving to tears.movingmoved5. Tiring of the speech, he left without sa