M2-4Culturalcornerandwriting

1、Module Two Traffic Jam Turn right. Dont go faster than 90 kph. Dont turn left. / No left turn. Dont stop. / No parking. Dont walk. / No pedestrians. advice instructionspermissioninformationinstructions 祈使句祈使句 表示命令表示命令, 請求請求, 建議建議, 勸告或號(hào)召的句子勸告或號(hào)召的句子 叫做祈使句。祈使句的主語為叫做祈使句。祈使句的主語為 you, 通常通常 省略省略, 謂語動(dòng)詞使用原形謂

2、語動(dòng)詞使用原形, 句末用感嘆號(hào)句末用感嘆號(hào) 或句號(hào)或句號(hào)。 1. 祈使句的肯定形式祈使句的肯定形式 1) be型（系動(dòng)詞原形型（系動(dòng)詞原形be表語其他）表語其他） Be careful! Dont go too high. Be quiet, everyone! 2) do型（行為動(dòng)詞賓語其他）型（行為動(dòng)詞賓語其他） Come in, please! Please open your books! 3) let型（型（Let賓語動(dòng)詞原形其他）賓語動(dòng)詞原形其他） Let me have a look. Let me help you. Let him in, please. 1) be型（型（D

3、ontbe表語）表語） Dont be lazy! Never be late again. 2) do型（型（Dont行為動(dòng)詞原形其他）行為動(dòng)詞原形其他） Dont throw the ball like that. Dont worry. Ill soon be all right. Never do it like that. Dont anybody say a word. 2.祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式 3) let型有兩種否定形式：型有兩種否定形式： 1) Let賓語賓語not動(dòng)詞原形其他。動(dòng)詞原形其他。 Let him not go there. Lets not wast

4、e time. 2) Dontlet賓語動(dòng)詞原形其他。賓語動(dòng)詞原形其他。 Dont let her go there. Dont let the water run into the room. 4) No+ v-ing/n. 禁止做某事禁止做某事 No parking/smoking/admission! 3. 祈使句的類型祈使句的類型 1). 不帶主語的祈使句不帶主語的祈使句 Be careful next time! Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you. 2). 帶主語的祈使句；帶主語的祈使句； 為了加強(qiáng)語氣或指明同誰說話，可

5、在動(dòng)詞為了加強(qiáng)語氣或指明同誰說話，可在動(dòng)詞 前加上主語。加上主語時(shí)，由于是面對面前加上主語。加上主語時(shí)，由于是面對面 說話并直呼其名，故不論第幾人稱，動(dòng)詞說話并直呼其名，故不論第幾人稱，動(dòng)詞 均用原形，均用原形，不考慮主謂一致問題不考慮主謂一致問題。 1.Nobody move！ 2.Mary come here everybody else stay where you are. 3.You put on more clothes. Its cold outside. 3). (條件條件)祈使句祈使句 +and / or+ 簡單句簡單句(結(jié)果結(jié)果) 此句型為此句型為“條件與結(jié)果條件與結(jié)果”并

6、存的句式，其并存的句式，其 中的祈使句可轉(zhuǎn)化為中的祈使句可轉(zhuǎn)化為if條件句。條件句。 1. Work hard and you will succeed. If you work hard, you will succeed. Working hard, you will succeed. 2. Hurry up, or you will miss the last bus. If you dont hurry up, you will miss the last bus. 4).祈使句祈使句+附加信息附加信息；附加信息常表示發(fā)；附加信息常表示發(fā) 出祈使動(dòng)作的原因出祈使動(dòng)作的原因 1.Put

7、on your coat, pleaseits very cold outside. 2.Turn down the TV setthe baby is asleep in the room. 5).祈使句的祈使句的附加疑問句附加疑問句 Open the door, _? Dont forget, _? Lets go there at once, _? Let us go there, _? will you?/wont you will you shall we will you 6).祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式 為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)命令、勸告的語氣，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)命令、勸告的語氣

8、， 使句子更具有說服力，常使句子更具有說服力，常在其謂語動(dòng)詞前在其謂語動(dòng)詞前 加上加上do。 1.Do put the direct object after the verb. 2.Do tell me where to buy the tickets for the concert. 3.Do be careful next time! 7 ) 祈使句表祝愿的方式：祈使句表祝愿的方式： Success to you! Wish you a good journey. May you have a happy marriage. Heres to your success! Allow me

9、 to propose a toast to our friendship! 祈使句歷屆高考大觀祈使句歷屆高考大觀: 1. Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to Dont call me “Joe”. I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! (NMET 2003) A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 答案選答案選D。經(jīng)調(diào)查，本題失誤者甚多，除。經(jīng)調(diào)查，本題失誤者甚多，除 了時(shí)態(tài)上的原因之外，還有語序上的原因。了時(shí)態(tài)上的原因之外，還有語序上的原因。 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，you應(yīng)放在應(yīng)放在dont之

10、后，之后， 來表達(dá)對方對自己稱呼錯(cuò)誤的不滿，意為，來表達(dá)對方對自己稱呼錯(cuò)誤的不滿，意為， “你可不要忘了！你可不要忘了！”。 2. Have another cup of coffee, OK ? _. A. With my pleasure B. You are welcome C. I can manage it D. Thats very kind of you 3. Alice, you feed the bird today, _? But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you 4). W

11、rite to me when you get home. _. (2001 北京春考北京春考) A. Yes, I must B. Yes, I should C. Yes, I will D. Yes, I can 5). _ some of this juice perhaps youll like it. (2002 安徽春季安徽春季) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have try 6). _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. (2004 湖北湖北) A. Go B. Going

12、C. If you go D. When going 7). There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. （2004重慶）重慶） A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go 8). Go and join in the party. _ it to me to do the washing up. （2002 上海春季）上海春季） A. Ge

13、t B. Remain C. Leave D. Send 9). Tom, _ yourself. Did you forget the school rules? (2001上海春季上海春季) A. behave B. believe C. perform D. conduct 10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. (2004 上海上海) A. Know B. Kno

14、wing C. To know D. Known 11). Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better. (2004天津天津) A. or B. while C. but D. and 12). Ive never seen anyone run so fast. _ David go. (2004 浙江浙江) A. Just watch B. Just to watch C. Just watching D. Just having watched 13).Dont forget to come to my birthday party

15、 tomorrow. _ . (2010) A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will 14). Be sure to write to us, _? A. will you B. arent you C. are you D. mustnt you 15). One more week, _ we will accomplish the task. (2009上海上海) A. or B. so that C. and D. if 16). _ blood if you can and many lives will be

16、 saved.(2001上海上海) A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 17). _ this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up 18). _it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 19). _down the radio the babys asleep in the next

17、 room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn 20). If you want help money or anything, let me know, _ you? (上海上海2003春春) A. dont B. will C. shall D. do 21) Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me Cultural corner Language P

18、oints 1. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. 但是在一些像美國一樣的發(fā)達(dá)國家的但是在一些像美國一樣的發(fā)達(dá)國家的 城市里交通阻塞現(xiàn)象也十分嚴(yán)重城市里交通阻塞現(xiàn)象也十分嚴(yán)重。 suffer 遭受遭受, 受痛苦受痛苦這個(gè)詞不用于被動(dòng)語這個(gè)詞不用于被動(dòng)語 態(tài)態(tài), 不可以用過去分詞作狀語或后置定語不可以用過去分詞作狀語或后置定語. 1). vi 受痛苦受痛苦, 受苦難受苦難 The injured man was still suffering. His health suffered terribly fr

19、om heavy drinking. 2). vt. 遭受遭受(痛苦痛苦,損害等損害等) The city suffered serious damages from the earthquakes. In the battle, the enemy suffered heavy lost. 3). suffer from 苦于苦于, 患患病病 This area used to suffer from floods. She often suffers from headaches. 2. react 1). react with 意為意為“對對起反應(yīng)起反應(yīng)”。如：如： Iron react

20、s with water and air to produce rust. 鐵與水和空氣起化學(xué)反應(yīng)而生銹。鐵與水和空氣起化學(xué)反應(yīng)而生銹。 此外，此外，react還可以同其他介詞搭配還可以同其他介詞搭配, 表示表示 不同的意思。如：不同的意思。如： 2). react on sth 對某事物有影響；使某事物對某事物有影響；使某事物 產(chǎn)生變化。如：產(chǎn)生變化。如： How do acids react on metals? 酸對金屬起什么反應(yīng)？酸對金屬起什么反應(yīng)？ 3). react against 反對；反抗反對；反抗 如：如： Will the people ever react against

21、 the dictator? 有朝一日人民會(huì)起來反抗這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者嗎？有朝一日人民會(huì)起來反抗這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者嗎？ 4). react to 做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng) 3. They agree that London has a traffic problem. 他們同意倫敦存在交通問題他們同意倫敦存在交通問題。 agree+ to do sth 疑問詞疑問詞+to do sth that 從句從句 我們都同意立刻出發(fā)我們都同意立刻出發(fā)。 We all agreed to start at once. They agreed how to try it. They all agreed that h

22、e should not keep the gift. 他們就怎樣試驗(yàn)取得了一致意見他們就怎樣試驗(yàn)取得了一致意見。 他們一致認(rèn)為他不該收這個(gè)禮物他們一致認(rèn)為他不該收這個(gè)禮物。 agree with agree to agree on/upon sb./ what sb. said /sbs words / idea /opinion/view plan/ suggestion / arrangement 雙方就雙方就取得一致意見取得一致意見 1). He completely agreed with my views on politics. agree with 還有還有 “ 與與一致一致”

23、 “(氣候氣候,食物等食物等) 適合適合” 我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。 The climate here doesnt agree with me. 2). I agree to his plan. 3). We agreed on the date of the meeting. Exercises 1. 與與相連相連/接通接通 be connected to be/get stuck in Useful expressions: 2. 被困在被困在, 被難住被難住 3. 馬上馬上, 立刻立刻, 一會(huì)兒一會(huì)兒 in no time, right now, at once imme

24、diately, right away 4. 到處旅行到處旅行, 四處走動(dòng)四處走動(dòng) get around/ round/ about under construction 5. 正在建設(shè)之中正在建設(shè)之中 6. 在交通擁擠時(shí)刻在交通擁擠時(shí)刻 7. 解決問題的辦法解決問題的辦法 at rush hour, during rush hours a solution to the question 8. 心情好心情好/ 壞壞 in a good/bad mood ask for have/ get a good view of 9. 索要索要 10. 一覽一覽, 能看到能看到 11. 別無選擇別無選擇

25、, 只好只好 have no alternative /choice but to 12. 標(biāo)有標(biāo)有記號(hào)記號(hào), 用拼音作標(biāo)記用拼音作標(biāo)記 13. 很值得做很值得做 14. 發(fā)出指令發(fā)出指令 15. 與與相符合相符合 be marked with/in pin yin be well worth doing give instructions be checked with 16. 四要和四不要四要和四不要 17. 關(guān)掉關(guān)掉電源電源 18. 打開打開電源電源 19. 保持冷靜保持冷靜 20. 沒門兒沒門兒, 決不決不 four dos and four donts switch off, tur

26、n off switch on, turn on keep cool/ calm no way 21. 使某人發(fā)瘋使某人發(fā)瘋 22. 對對.采取措施采取措施 23. 而且而且, 另外另外 do something about sth., take measures to do sth. whats more drive sb. mad Will it be convenient _ you _ start work tomorrow? A. for; to B. to; for C. for; with D. to; so as 1. Its too late to go now. _, it

27、s starting to rain. A However B As a result C Whats more D Anyhow 2. He was nearly _ mad by the noise of the trains. A got B become C driven D made 3. Theres no ink in the bottle, because all of it _. A was used up B has been used up C was used D has been used besides, but, except, except for 和和exce

28、pt that: (1) besides = as well as“除除.之外還有之外還有”, 表示表示 “ 包括在內(nèi)包括在內(nèi)” Ten other people will go there _me. Besides _clever, she is pretty (be). What subjects do you have this term _ Geography? besides being besides (2) but 和和except “除去除去, 除掉除掉”, “不包括在內(nèi)不包括在內(nèi)” Nobody knows it for sure _ me. He did nothing _

29、 stay at home. We had no alternative _ to leave. We have classes every day _on Sunday. He is a good student _that he is a bit careless. 試比較試比較: There was nobody _ an old lady in the bus. The bus was empty _ an old lady. but/except but/ except but / except except except except for except Fill in the blanks with but, except (for), besides: 1. Who else will go there