大學(xué)美術(shù)史復(fù)習(xí)資料、小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔1. 秦兵馬俑：是秦始皇陪葬品，位于陜西臨潼，其中最大的一號坑總面積12600平方米。按1、2、3號坑出土的兵馬俑排列形式復(fù)原，應(yīng)有武士俑七千多個，駟馬戰(zhàn)車一百余輛，戰(zhàn)馬一百余匹。這些兵馬俑與真人等大，體現(xiàn)了秦削平六國的強大威勢。兵馬俑是用現(xiàn)實生活為基礎(chǔ)的創(chuàng)造，手法細(xì)膩明快。陶俑具有鮮明的個性強烈的時代特征，兵馬俑是塑造藝術(shù)的寶庫，展現(xiàn)了中華民族厚重博大的歷史文化底蘊，更是人類文化歷史中一道亮麗的風(fēng)景，震驚了世界為古代歷史增添了異彩。2. 魏晉南北朝石窟：第一階段。以敦煌石窟、炳靈寺石窟、麥積山石窟為雄偉和威嚴(yán)之感，印度和西域風(fēng)格甚濃。第二階段（北魏前期）。以云岡石窟造像為代表樸拙粗

2、獷，博大恢宏具備北魏風(fēng)格。第三階段（北魏后期）。以洛陽龍門賓陽洞造像為代表。面向清秀神采飄逸的造像。第四階段。以河北響堂山，山西天龍山等處的石窟的北齊造像為代表。敦實沉穩(wěn)的力量感，質(zhì)樸親近的世俗感。3六法：六法論出自中國畫史上第一部品評古代畫家和繪畫的專著南朝齊謝赫的畫品。六法為：一氣韻生動，二骨法用筆，三應(yīng)物象形，四隨類賦彩，五經(jīng)營位置，六位移摹寫。自六法論提出后，中國古代繪畫進(jìn)入了理論自覺的時期。后代畫家始終把六法作為衡量繪畫成敗高下的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從南朝到現(xiàn)代，六法被運用著、充實著、發(fā)展著，從而成為中國古代美術(shù)理論最具穩(wěn)定性、最有涵括力的原則之一。六法是1500年來品評繪畫的最高準(zhǔn)則。4 . 吳

3、道子：唐代著名畫家，畫史尊稱吳生，陽翟（今河南禹州）人。吳道子在用筆技法上，創(chuàng)造了一種波折起伏，錯落有致的純線條式的描法。用這種描法畫人物的衣袖、飄帶具有迎風(fēng)起舞的動勢，故有“吳帶當(dāng)風(fēng)”之稱。吳道子在用色方面是傅彩于焦墨痕中，略施微染，以線條為主，略加色彩的渲染，使形象有一定立體感。5. 徐黃體異：五代花鳥正式形成不同流派，不同風(fēng)格以黃荃代表的黃家富貴和以徐熙代表的徐熙野逸體。黃荃的繪畫以其特有的艷麗的輝煌深得皇宗賞識，徐熙手法與黃荃迥異，先以墨定其葉蕊萼等，然后賦色筆不礙色，色不掩筆，形成一種特殊風(fēng)格，被譽為徐熙野逸，徐黃二派相應(yīng)生輝，對以后中國畫發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。6 歷代名畫記：歷代名畫

4、記作者張彥遠(yuǎn)，成書時間是唐大中元年（公元847年），是我國第一部系統(tǒng)完整的關(guān)于繪畫藝術(shù)的通史。全書十卷，可分為對繪畫歷史發(fā)展的評述與繪畫理論的闡述、有關(guān)鑒識收藏方面的敘述、370 余名畫家傳記三部分這部著作總結(jié)了前人的繪畫美術(shù)思想，又系統(tǒng)的提出了自己的繪畫美學(xué)見解，因此也是我國歷史上最早的一部繪畫百科全書。7. 文人畫：中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫重要的風(fēng)格流派，在創(chuàng)作上強調(diào)個性表現(xiàn)和詩書畫印等多種藝術(shù)的結(jié)合。作者多屬具有深厚文化修養(yǎng)的文人士大夫。文人畫的稱謂最早由董其昌提出，并對其歷史傳承關(guān)系做初步的闡述，文人畫自王佑丞始，其后董源、巨然、李成、范寬為嫡子。王晉卿、米南宮及虎兒皆從董巨得來，直至元四家，王叔

5、明、倪元林、吳仲至皆其正傳，吾朝文沈則本淡設(shè)色。作品以長卷形式采用散點透視構(gòu)圖法生動記錄了城市生活的面貌。畫中人物815人，衣著不同神采各異運接衣缽。8. 清明上河圖：作者北京畫家張澤瑞，此畫是描繪北京市井生活的鴻篇巨制，絹，構(gòu)圖疏密有致，注重節(jié)奏感和韻律變化，筆墨章法巧妙。畫面從郊外向城內(nèi)展開，畫者還把一些戲劇性的情節(jié)湊到可以看到幾個鮮明的藝術(shù)特征，第一，內(nèi)容豐富，表現(xiàn)手法上以三點構(gòu)圖法攝取所需景物，第二，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)反而不亂，長而不冗段落分明，第三，在技法上大手筆與精細(xì)的手筆相結(jié)合，善于選擇即具有形象性和富于生情畫意，又具有本一起，增加了繁華氣氛，進(jìn)入市內(nèi)繁華區(qū)更是讓人應(yīng)接不暇。從圖中質(zhì)特征的

6、事物場面及情節(jié)加以表現(xiàn)。9. 吳門四家：指沈周、文徵明、唐寅、仇英四位明代畫家?！皡情T四家”中沈周與文徵明，是吳門派文人畫最突出的代表。他們都在江蘇蘇州從事繪畫活動。因蘇州古為吳地，故又稱、沈、文、唐、仇為“吳門四家”。吳門畫派畫風(fēng)以標(biāo)士氣、精筆墨、尚意趣為目標(biāo)，藝術(shù)上致力于安靜典雅，蘊藉風(fēng)流的風(fēng)格，進(jìn)而體現(xiàn)自得其樂的精神生活。10 海上畫派（滬派）：海上畫派又稱滬派、海派，一般指的是發(fā)生于十九世紀(jì)中葉至二十世紀(jì)初期時，一群畫家活躍于上海地區(qū)，并從事繪畫創(chuàng)作的風(fēng)尚，海派畫風(fēng)已英。沈、文繼宋承元，綜合諸家之長，保留原畫特色較多，而唐、仇由于師承的關(guān)系，保留宋畫傳統(tǒng)較多。吳門畫派畫風(fēng)以標(biāo)士氣、精筆

7、墨、尚意趣為目標(biāo)，藝術(shù)上致力于安靜曲雅，蘊藉風(fēng)流的風(fēng)格，進(jìn)而體現(xiàn)自得其樂的精神生活。接近職業(yè)性與專業(yè)性的畫作，并是頗有現(xiàn)實性的題材，包括傳統(tǒng)人文精神的形式，代表人物有趙之謙，任伯年，吳昌碩，蒲華等。11. 揚州畫派：1清朝中期活躍于揚人生觀和藝術(shù)觀，都重視詩文書畫修養(yǎng)，強調(diào)面向現(xiàn)實。3藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上重個性，提倡風(fēng)格獨創(chuàng)，州地區(qū)的畫家組成的畫派。2他們有相近的主張自立門戶。12六種煉銅的配方13.宋代繪畫：14.最早的瓷器在商代15人物龍鳳圖人物御龍圖長沙戰(zhàn)國楚墓出土。16.winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 s

8、emi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys eff

9、ort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attract

10、ed the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across

11、the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the

12、 match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini

13、, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointi

14、ng news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule at

15、tached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and in

16、to the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008

17、when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tou

18、rnament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands b