考點(diǎn)06 名詞性從句（原卷版）

1、2020年高考英語一輪考點(diǎn)掃描專題06 名詞性從句1、 【知識(shí)精講】（1） 定義在復(fù)合句中,有些從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語或同位語,分別稱為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。這些從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。（二）名詞性從句的分類和特征What he said surprises me.（主語從句） Im surprised at what he said. （賓語從句）That is what he said.（表語從句）He told us the news that he was leaving for America. （同位語從句）注意：名從在什么位置就叫什么從句

2、； 名從中用陳述語序,主謂不能顛倒?！?Where do you live?” he asked me. He asked me where I lived.（三）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 1. 連接詞: that, if, whether 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)成分。that無詞義, if/whether“是否” 2. 連接代詞: what, which, who, whom, whose/whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever在名從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語 3. 連接副詞: when, where, why, how/whenever, wherev

3、er, however 在名從中充當(dāng)狀語 引導(dǎo)名從的連接詞選擇的關(guān)鍵：名從中缺失什么成分主語從句 (Subject Clause)（一）概念在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句, 常常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前。That we have been invited to the concert is good news to us.Whether he will come or not is not known yet.What we need is knowledge.When we shall hold our art festival has not been decided.Whoever breaks

4、the law deserves a fine. What confused me was why he failed to recognize me at first sight.（二）形式主語it為了避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。常用句型如下：1. It be+ noun或noun phrases ( a pity/ our duty/ an honour/ no wonder/ no surprise)+ 主從It is a pity that you cant attend my party.2. It be + adj. ( certa

5、in/ likely/ clear/ unknown.)+主從 注意：其中It is + adj. ( strange, necessary, important, vital, essential, desirable, appropriate, natural)+主從,主語從句得用虛擬語氣(should )+ V 原形It is certain that we will do well in the exam.It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that we should take ste

6、ps to protect the environment from being polluted.It is strange that he should have passed the exam.3. It be +pp ( said/ reported) + 主從 其中It is suggested/ recommended/ ordered+ that從句,主語從句得用虛擬語氣(should )+ V 原形Its said that he has gone abroad. It is required that all students (should) be present.4. I

7、t happens/seems/appear/turn out/ occurs to sb/ strikes sb. + 主從It happened that he was covering the event.= He happened to be covering the event. It occurred to me that I had to pay him back.5. It doesnt matter/ makes no difference/ remains to be seen+ 主從It didnt matter (to me )that the weather was

8、bad.It doesnt matter whether he will attend the meeting. （三）主從后的謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題1.That(不省)+ 完整句子 + V單2.Whether(是否)+完整句子+ V單3.連接代詞/連接副詞+V,V單復(fù)數(shù)由意義決定,常用V單Whatever you say is right.4.what 引導(dǎo)主從(1) 兩件事情/含有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)+V復(fù)What he said and what he did were not the same.(2) what sb. do做主語,V由其表語決定。What we need are books.Wh

9、at she lacks is experience.5.由兩個(gè)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主從,若主從中只含有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu),則+V單；若主從中含有兩套及以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu),則+V復(fù)。How and when language began remains a mystery to this day.When and where to build the factory has not been decided yet.How he has got the car and whether it is new are unknown to us.賓語從句 (Object Clause)（一）概念復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句,

10、常常放在主句謂語及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、表語形容詞之后。因此,賓從常分為動(dòng)詞后的賓從、介詞后的賓從、表語形容詞后的賓從這三類。Weve offered her the job, but I dont know whether shell accept it or not. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you are afraid to do.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.The boy sho

11、wed great interest in who that tall man was.There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.I am afraid that I cant accept your invitation.I am not sure whether/ if they will agree with the plan.（二）形式賓語it為了平衡句子,it作形式賓語,真正的賓語從句置于句末。常用句型如下：1. 主語 + find / think / feel / consider / ma

12、keetc. + it +賓補(bǔ)（形容詞或名詞）+ 賓從He has made it clear that he will not give in.We all find it important that we should make a quicker decision about this matter.I think it necessary that we (should) learn English grammar well.2. 主語 + 表示情感色彩的動(dòng)詞 （like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, enjoyetc. ) + it + 賓從I

13、 would appreciate it if you could come to my aid.I hate it when it rains heavily.3. 主語 + 動(dòng)詞詞組（depend on, see toetc. ) + it + 賓從I will see to it that everything is ready in time.You can depend on it that I will always come to your aid when you are in trouble.4. 主語+keep/ bear it in mind that從句; 主語+ ta

14、ke it for granted that從句Most of the children take it for granted that their parents should make sacrifices for them.（三）賓從中的注意點(diǎn)1.think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose的賓語從句(1) I dont think he is right. (2) I dont think he is right, is he?You dont think he is right, do you?(3) What do you think he i

15、s doing?(4) Do you think he is coming? Yes, I think so. No, I dont think so. / No I think not. 注意：I hope/am afraid/guess so. I hope/am afraid/guess not. 2. 賓從中的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣問題(1) 主句謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),賓從中謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài),賓從中謂語動(dòng)詞必須用過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài),若賓從為客觀事實(shí)或真理,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher told us yesterday that the earth travels

16、around the sun.(2) 表請(qǐng)求、建議、命令的及物動(dòng)詞,如 suggest, recommend, order后的賓從中用should的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。suggestion(建議), requirement, order等表建議的名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中也用should的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。Our English teacher suggested that we (should) spare no effort to pursue our goals. It was suggested that we (should) spare no effo

17、rt to pursue our goals. My suggestion was that we (should) spare no effort to pursue our goals.My suggestion that we (should) spare no effort to pursue our goals was widely accepted by my classmates.(3) would rather, wish 后的賓從中注意用虛擬語氣。would rather sb. were/did sth.（對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬）; would rather sb. had done

18、sth（對(duì)過去虛擬）.; wish that sb. would/ could/ might do sth（對(duì)將來虛擬）.; wish that sb. did/ were（對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬） ; wish that sb. had done sth.（對(duì)過去虛擬）3.doubt后的賓從doubt 作vt.時(shí),后面的賓從中若是肯定陳述語氣,用if/whether引導(dǎo)名從；若后面的賓從中是否定或者疑問語氣,用that引導(dǎo)名從。I doubt whether/if we will finish the task on time. There is some doubt whether There is

19、no doubt that4.that 從句一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓從,介詞 in, except, but后除外。如：He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. (除了)He differs from his classmates in that he devotes all his spare time to reading. (在于.)表語從句 (Predictive Clause)（一）概念在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句,常常放在主句連系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞之后。The reason for his absence wa

20、s that he was ill in hospital. That is why we have chosen anti-smoking as the subject of our ad campaign.This is because the youth are easy to fall for this kind of tricks. It looks as if its going to rain. The problem is who we can get to replace him.The question is how he did it. 注意：在order, sugges

21、tion, advice, proposal, requirement, request, desire等表請(qǐng)求、建議、命令的名詞后面的表從中,其謂語部分用 (should) + do.My proposal is that all the family members (should) take a trip to Hainan in this Spring Festival.（二）because, as 引導(dǎo)的表語從句He was sent to the hospital. That was because he was ill.He was ill. That was why he wa

22、s sent to the hospital.Things are not always as they seem to be. （as: 像一樣；此句中的as不是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?當(dāng)as意為“因?yàn)椤睍r(shí),不能引導(dǎo)表語從句）（三）as if/ as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句看具體語境和情況決定其引導(dǎo)的表從中是用陳述還是虛擬語氣。It looks as if it is going to rain. （陳述）She treated the girl as if she were her own daughter. (虛擬)He sounds as if he were from Taiwan, b

23、ut in fact, he is from Beijing. (虛擬)同位語從句（一）概念在復(fù)合句中作名詞同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句一般跟在名詞 fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, opinion, suggestion, decision, truth, promise, problem, possibility等的后面,用以解釋、說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。We are very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.The question who should do

24、 the work requires consideration.We havent yet settled the problem where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to pick up his uncle at the air

25、port.注意：(1) 當(dāng)名詞為suggestion, order, demand, recommendation, desire 等表請(qǐng)求、建議、命令的時(shí)候,同從中用should 虛擬語氣。should可以省略。Would you please consider our suggestion that we (should) be given more freedom in our study life?(2) doubt后的同位語從句：肯定陳述用whether, 否定疑問用that。There is some doubt whether There is no doubt that;（二）

26、同位語從句與定語從句的辨析1. 效用：同位語從句是名詞性的,對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充說明；定從是形容詞性的,對(duì)先行詞加以修飾限定。2. 成分：引導(dǎo)定從的that既替代先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓、表成分；引導(dǎo)同位從的that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用。The news that he told me is that Tom will go abroad next year. （定從）The news that Tom will go abroad was told by him. （同位從）易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（一）that 是否可以省略連接詞that可以省略的情況：引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞或者表語形容詞后

27、的第一個(gè)賓語從句的that可以省略。連接詞that不可以省略的情況：1. 引導(dǎo)主語從句,位于句首時(shí),that不省略2. 多個(gè)賓語從句并列,第二個(gè)及以后的賓語從句不可省略that3. it作形式賓語,引導(dǎo)后面的真正的賓語從句的that不省略4. 介詞except, in后的賓從的that不可省略5. 引導(dǎo)表語從句,同位語從句的that不可省略6. 謂語動(dòng)詞和that從句間有插入語,that不可省略We decide, as he has suggested, that we will set off immediately.（二）whether/ if的異同 相同點(diǎn):1. 引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí),

28、whether/if都可用2. 引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從時(shí),whetheror not = if . or not3. 如用it作形式主語,那后置的真正的主語從句可用whether/if引導(dǎo),但還是whether常見不同點(diǎn)：1. 在表語從句、同位語從句中只能用whether2. 主語從句位于句首,只能用whether,3. 如用it作形式主語,后置的真正的主語從句中含有表選擇意義的or時(shí),必須用whether 4. 直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),只用whether5. 賓從中,后面緊跟or not 時(shí),只用whether6. 在介詞后, 只用whether7. 某些動(dòng)詞后（discuss/decide/depe

29、nd）只用whether8. 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句。用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),往往用whether表“是否”9. 賓語從句為否定句時(shí)用if （三）what / that 引導(dǎo)名從的區(qū)別What：作主語、賓語、表語；表示事情、話語、樣子等,相當(dāng)于all that, 不能省略That：僅起引導(dǎo)作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分；無實(shí)際意義；引導(dǎo)單個(gè)賓從時(shí)可以省略What embarrassed me is that I didnt recognize him at first sight several days ago.I am no longer what I used to be.He do

30、esnt look what he did five years ago.That Lily likes to ask questions is worthy of being praised.I have no doubt that Daniel will make greater progress if he has more confidence.（四）who/whom與whoever/whomever的區(qū)別1. who, whom 都是“誰”的意思,表示疑問,在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí), 在從句中作主語時(shí)用who, 作賓語時(shí)用whom/who; Who has taken away my ba

31、g is unknown. 2. whoever, whomever是強(qiáng)調(diào)“無論誰,任何的人”,不含有疑問意味,在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí), 在從句中作主語時(shí)用whoever, 作賓語是用whomever/whoever.You can give it to whomever/whoever you like.Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.Give the prize to whoever you think can make great progress.（五）what/whatever與which/whichever的區(qū)

32、別1. what/whatever“什么/無論什么”,描述的事物在上下文中沒有范圍。2. which/whichever “哪個(gè)/無論哪個(gè)”,描述的事物在上下文中需有范圍。To be honest, I can hardly understand what/whatever you have said.Here are many beautiful dresses. I dont know which I like.（六）疑問詞-ever, 即 whatever, whichever, whomever, whenever. 1. 既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 no matter+連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句I

33、believe whatever he says.(此句不能用no matter what替換)3. 也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 = no matter+連接引導(dǎo)的從句Whatever he says, I will never believe him. = No matter what he says, I will never believe him. （七）比較不同句型1. Jerry told us what/ all that/ / all he had seen abroad. 2. It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.3.

34、 As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.4. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.（八）特殊疑問詞+ to do特殊疑問詞+ to do/not to do相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句。I have no idea what to do.二、【典例精練】1. Scientists have obtained more evidence_ plastic is finding its way into the human body.2. While they are rare north of 88,there