專題20 書面表達(dá)（原卷版）

1、決勝2020年中考英語(yǔ)壓軸題全揭秘精品 專題20書面表達(dá)【解題指導(dǎo)】【考點(diǎn)一】觀點(diǎn)看法類一般來(lái)說(shuō),觀點(diǎn)看法類文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系十分清晰,它除了考查考生的英文基礎(chǔ),還考查考生的邏輯能力。具體來(lái)說(shuō)就是上下文的銜接過(guò)渡和文章層次的體現(xiàn)。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)來(lái)完成,在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。啟就是開(kāi)頭,承就是承接,轉(zhuǎn)是轉(zhuǎn)折,合是綜合或總結(jié)。1. 用于表示啟的過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭。此類過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)有first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to s

2、tart with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately等。2. 用于表示承的過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中。此類過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)有second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, whats more, whats worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt等。3. 用

3、于表示轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中。此類過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)有but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of等。 4. 用于合的過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中。過(guò)渡性詞和短語(yǔ)有in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, in summary等。 總之,要做好書面表達(dá),需要大家把握以下幾個(gè)原則：

4、細(xì)讀提示,抓要點(diǎn)：選擇句型,準(zhǔn)表達(dá)；確定線索,巧組合；適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,保完整；規(guī)范書寫,爭(zhēng)高分；細(xì)查全文,除筆誤。 常用表達(dá)：一、開(kāi)頭句型As far as .is concerned It goes without saying that. It can be said with certainty that. As the proverb says .It has to be noticed that. Its generally recognized that. Its likely that .Its hardly too much to say that. What calls for s

5、pecial attention is that. 需要特別注意的是 Theres no denying the fact that. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),無(wú)可否認(rèn)Nothing is more important than the fact that. Whats far more important is that. 二、銜接句型A case in point is . As is often the case. As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore. 然而問(wèn)題并非如

6、此簡(jiǎn)單,所以 But its a pity that. For all that.In spite of the fact that. Further, we hold opinion that.However, the difficulties in. Similarly, we should pay attention to. not (that).but (that). 不是而是In view of the present station. 鑒于目前形勢(shì)As has been mentioned above. 綜上所述In this respect, we many as well (s

7、ay). 從這個(gè)角度上我們可以說(shuō) However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is. 然而我們還得看到事物的另一方面,即三、結(jié)尾句型I will conclude by saying. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that. All things considered 總而言之 It may be safely said that. Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable. It can be concluded

8、from the discussion that. 從中我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論 From my point of view, it would be better if. 在我看來(lái)也許更好 四、萬(wàn)能句型Lets take.to illustrate this. 試舉例以茲證明Lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this. It remains to be further studied. Theres question is how.寫作模板：觀點(diǎn)看法類作文的整體結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的模式可循,可以先寫對(duì)比的一方面,再寫另外一方面；

9、也可以將對(duì)比的兩個(gè)方面的不同點(diǎn)比較著寫。 對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)看法類作文的寫作摸板The topic of 主題 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . Whats more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice i

10、n the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 . From my point of view, I think 我的觀點(diǎn) . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.【考點(diǎn)二】說(shuō)明介紹類說(shuō)明文是中考書面表達(dá)題中常見(jiàn)的寫

11、作形式。在初中階段,說(shuō)明文主要要求考生將活動(dòng)、人物、地點(diǎn)等要素進(jìn)行清楚的描述,考查考生的觀察能力和將圖表或所給提示轉(zhuǎn)化為完整文字信息的能力。人物說(shuō)明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要經(jīng)歷、事跡成就、影響和評(píng)價(jià)等。首先要全面了解這個(gè)人,然后根據(jù)需要選取寫作素材,簡(jiǎn)明扼要又重點(diǎn)突出地去介紹,力求真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確,恰如其分。人物介紹一般都是從外形到性格,或從一般經(jīng)歷到創(chuàng)造性的貢獻(xiàn),在最后常有結(jié)論性的考語(yǔ)。寫人物說(shuō)明文一般包括以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 出生年月；2. 主要經(jīng)歷；3. 事跡成就；4. 影響、評(píng)價(jià)。敘述方法：一般按照時(shí)間順序,從外形到性格,從一般經(jīng)歷到創(chuàng)造性的貢獻(xiàn),最后常有結(jié)論性的考語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)：說(shuō)明文的

12、目的是向讀者介紹他們不了解、不熟悉的人物、事理等,因此說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言要淺顯、簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)。時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：說(shuō)明文常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果說(shuō)明的是人物、事物過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的情況,則要用過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)。另外,由于說(shuō)明文重點(diǎn)放在被說(shuō)明的人物、事物上,故有些說(shuō)明文被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用頻率相對(duì)比較高。【常用詞匯】1. 表示外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes, fat, good-looking, handsome, healthy, near-sighted, ordinary-looking, pretty, short, strong, tall, thin, with a bi

13、g smile, white-haired, curly/ straight hair, medium height2. 表示性格特點(diǎn)：absent-minded, attractive, bad-tempered, bright, confident, friendly, generous, humorous, kind, kind-hearted, lazy, naughty, smart, warm-hearted, wise, outgoing, quiet3. 表示興趣愛(ài)好：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be pleased wi

14、th, enjoy doing, expect to do, look forward to doing sth, put ones heart into4. 表示經(jīng)歷事跡：become a member of the , concentrate on doing sth, devote oneself to, encourage sb to do sth, fight for, have a good way of doing sth, make up ones mind to do sth, try ones best to do sth5. 表示他人評(píng)價(jià)：a model , be con

15、sidered as, be famous / known as, be regarded as, make great contributions to our country, set a good example to all of us【常用句型】1. He/ She is really 他/她真的是2. He/ She looks like 他/她看上去像3. He used to be/ have 他過(guò)去常常4. Her favourite is 她最喜歡的是5. She is good at 她擅長(zhǎng)寫作模板：介紹人物典型事跡作出評(píng)價(jià)Can you.? Do you know.?H

16、e is called . We all .He often . One day. Not only. but also.引出人物He is . He was born. He graduated from. He likes.事物說(shuō)明文是以介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、變化、類別、狀態(tài)、效用、成因、結(jié)果等方面的特征。說(shuō)明的目的是給讀者提供知識(shí),使之理解客觀世界,掌握解決問(wèn)題的方法。對(duì)中學(xué)生而言,事物說(shuō)明文的出題形式為文字、圖標(biāo)、圖表、文體則可見(jiàn)于短文、書信、便條、日記等。寫說(shuō)事物明文必須注意事實(shí)準(zhǔn)確,表達(dá)清晰,條理清楚,層次分明,語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練,用詞準(zhǔn)確?！境Ｓ迷~匯】1. 表示形狀：round, s

17、quare, long, tall, short, triangular(三角形的)2. 表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold 3. 表示特點(diǎn)：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular 【常用句型】1. Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high. 它有400米長(zhǎng)/寬/高。2. The ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子與那把一樣

18、長(zhǎng)。3. Its made of/ from wood. 它是由木材做成的。4. All that we can do is to . 我們所能做的就是5. It is quite clear that . 十分清楚的是6. There are some reasons for . 關(guān)于有以下理由。寫作模板： （事物） is / lies （地理位置） . It has/ is （特征） . There are many places of interest here, for example, （景點(diǎn)介紹） . There are also many （人們的活動(dòng)、風(fēng)俗等） . I hope

19、/ think （看法和感受） .The table below shows that （說(shuō)明問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象） . （數(shù)據(jù)） percent （現(xiàn)象一） . （數(shù)據(jù)） percent （現(xiàn)象二） . （數(shù)據(jù)） percent （現(xiàn)象三） .In my opinion （自己的觀點(diǎn)或感受） .常見(jiàn)的方式、方法說(shuō)明文有學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)、產(chǎn)品使用說(shuō)明、操作程序介紹、計(jì)劃安排等。【常用單詞】1. 表示建議：should, had better do, suggest, advice, is a good way2. 表示步驟：first of all, at last, and then, after tha

20、t3. 表示計(jì)劃：plan / prepare for/ to do, be going to, will【常用句型】1. With the rapidly growing popularity of 隨著的快速普及2. It is quite clear that 十分清楚的是3. There are some reasons for 關(guān)于有以下理由。4. A recent survey suggests that 最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示5. All we can do is to 我們所能做的就是【考點(diǎn)三】咨詢建議類英語(yǔ)中咨詢建議類作文通常以書信的形式呈現(xiàn),英語(yǔ)書信類作文的常用表達(dá)：開(kāi)頭部分：

21、Hownicetohearfromyouagain.Letmetellyousomethingabouttheactivity.Imgladtohavereceivedyourletter.ImpleasedtohearthatyourecomingtoChinaforavisit.ImwritingtothankyouforyourhelpduringmystayinAmerica.結(jié)尾部分：Withbestwishes.Imlookingforwardtoyourreply.Idappreciateitifyoucouldreplyearlier.Weshouldtakemeasurest

22、ocontrolpollutioninordertosavetheworld.Wedbettertakeeffectivemeasurestopreventstudentsfromcheatingonexams.Thegovernmentdecidedtotakestrongmeasuresagainstdrugabuse.Urgentmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventterroristsfromcarryingoutfurtherattacks.Why not./Why dont you.You can have a try./Try to do.Dont be a

23、fraid of.I believe you can do it. Good luck.Inone/aword/Generallyspeaking寫作模板：解決方法類作文模板Inrecentdays,wehavetofacetheproblem_A,whichisbecomingmoreandmore serious.First,_（說(shuō)明A的現(xiàn)狀）. Second, _（舉例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀）.ConfrontedwithA,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Forone thing,_（解決方法一）.For

24、another_（解決方法二）.Finally,_（解決方法三）.Personally,Ibelievethat_（我的解決方法）.Consequently, Imconfidentthatabrightfutureis waitingusbecause_（帶來(lái)的好處）.【考點(diǎn)四】敘事描寫類敘事描寫類的書面表達(dá)是以敘述和描寫為主要表達(dá)方式,以寫人、敘事和經(jīng)歷、寫物、繪景等為主要內(nèi)容的文體：這一類的書面表達(dá)動(dòng)詞使用率最高,且富于變化,用得最多的是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),其他各種時(shí)態(tài)為輔。合理使用豐富多彩的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是這類書面表達(dá)的首要語(yǔ)言特征。人物類書面表達(dá)如果是對(duì)人的性格、外貌等敘述常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如果

25、通過(guò)事件來(lái)刻畫人物的性格,那么就要用過(guò)去時(shí)。常用表達(dá)：1.Among various kinds of things/persons in my mind. is the most unforgettable one.2.On a sunny/rainy morning,while I was.First of all. Then . After that. In the end .3. He/she/this was one of the most meaningful/enjoyable/unforgettable persons/things that I have ever met/

26、experienced,I will remember him/her forever.加分句子：1. Sth impressed me greatly.2. What impressed me most is that.經(jīng)典句型：1.LastSunday（Saturday.）, itwassunny（rainy,windy,foggy）2.Igotupveryearly（late）.AfterbreakfastIwenttowithmyfriendsbybike,bus.3.Weenjoyedourselves.4.Weforgotthetime.Wedidntcomebackuntil5o

27、clock.5.Weallfeltverytired,butwewerehappy.6.IthoughtIwouldneverforgetthistrip.7.Lastsummer,myparentsandIwenttoBeijingforourholidays.8.Wevisitedalotofplacesofinterest.9.Wehadagoodtimethere.10.Weboughtalotofthings.Theclothesherearegoodandcheap.【考點(diǎn)五】應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪袕V泛使用的文體。它最突出的特點(diǎn)是它 的實(shí)際應(yīng)用性,應(yīng)用文包括很廣,如書信、通知

28、、日記、海報(bào)、便條、啟事、請(qǐng)柬、電報(bào)、合同等。應(yīng)用文的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)使用規(guī)范語(yǔ)言,重在實(shí)用,力求樸實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。常用寫作模板：書信：. Middle School, .（寫信人地址）April 8th, 2016（寫信的日期）Dear XXX_Yours sincerely,_信頭稱呼簽名結(jié)束語(yǔ)正文日記：書端正文點(diǎn)題記事感受(日期) (星期) (天氣) Today is Mothers day. I want to. buy .with pocket money,.put it.Today is a special day. . . I feel very.通知：Announcement/Notic

29、eLadies and gentlemen, Your attention, please. I have something to tell you._ Thanks for listening. / Thats all. Thanks.標(biāo)題開(kāi)場(chǎng)白稱呼內(nèi)容結(jié)束語(yǔ)LOST（標(biāo)題） （啟事日期）I lost a when . Will the finder ?(丟失物品的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和具體特征)Please call （交代聯(lián)系方式） Loser （失主簽名） 遺失啟事：FOUND（標(biāo)題） （啟事日期）I happened to find a .It is and (撿到物品的特征)Is it y

30、ours?Please call me at （交代聯(lián)系方式） Finder （招領(lǐng)者簽名）招領(lǐng)啟事：招聘啟事：WANTED（標(biāo)題） （啟事日期） an English tutor.(招聘對(duì)象) the age of . patients and confidence (應(yīng)聘條件) two hours a day from to (工作時(shí)間) Please call （聯(lián)系方式） （單位落款）便條：Dear.,Im going to on vacation.So I want to (起因) look after my house, clean and water feed (請(qǐng)求) Your

31、s 稱呼正文簽名（一）【2019 貴州省畢節(jié)市】每年的 6 月 6 日是我國(guó)的“愛(ài)眼日”,可見(jiàn)保護(hù)中小學(xué)生的視力非常重要,為此,學(xué)校將在英語(yǔ)文化節(jié)期間舉行一場(chǎng)“愛(ài)眼日”英語(yǔ)演講比賽。請(qǐng)你寫一篇英語(yǔ)演講稿,談?wù)勀銓?duì)保護(hù)視力重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)和建議。內(nèi)容如下：1. 保護(hù)視力的重要性（請(qǐng)寫 1 點(diǎn)）；2. 對(duì)保護(hù)視力的建議：（1）閱讀時(shí)注意用眼衛(wèi)生；（2）少用電子產(chǎn)品；（3）?？淳G色植物；（4）做眼保健操；（5）多做戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。要求如下：1. 結(jié)構(gòu)完整,表達(dá)通順,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,書寫清晰；2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)任何真實(shí)的人名,學(xué)校名等信息；3. 詞數(shù) 80 左右。開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：Sight

32、Day 愛(ài)眼日；electronic products 電子產(chǎn)品；eye-protecting exercises 眼保健操Dear friends,June 6 is our countrys Sight Day. _Thank you!【寫作思路】本文屬于話題作文,談?wù)勀銓?duì)保護(hù)視力重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)和建議。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容確定并準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài),上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯,可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容?！緟⒖挤段摹緿ear friends,June 6 is our countrys Sight Day. As we all know, eyes are windows of the soul. Everyone

33、understands the importance of the eyes. But now more and more students are getting near sighted. So how to protect eyes still remains a question. Here is some advice on how to protect your eyesight.You should not keep your eyes working for two long when reading, you should keep the book about a foot

34、 away from you. After reading for an hour or two, youd better have a rest by working in the distance or looking at the green plants to make your eye relax. You ought to remember not to read in dim light or in the sun. Dont read in a moving bus or in bed. Besides, try to use less electric products. W

35、hats more, doing eye-protecting exercises will help you keep good eye sight. Last but not least, we can also try to do more exercise in our spare time.Only by doing these simple things can we keep good eyesight.（二）【2019 江蘇省無(wú)錫市】假設(shè)你叫李文,是無(wú)錫陽(yáng)光中學(xué)(Wuxi Sunshine Middle School)的一名學(xué)生。今天暑期,你將代表你校赴瑞士參加“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)

36、議并發(fā)言,此次會(huì)議的主題是A Green World。你草擬了發(fā)言流程圖,請(qǐng)根據(jù)下圖寫一篇英文發(fā)言稿。 Introduce myself. What China has done. How I go green.（name; school; age.） (factories; new energy.) (lights ;showers; bags.)注意事項(xiàng)：1. 發(fā)言稿須根據(jù)流程圖自擬,要求語(yǔ)句通順、意思連貫、符合題意；2. 流程圖中包括部分非限定性內(nèi)容,僅供參考；3. 詞數(shù)在 90 個(gè)左右,發(fā)言稿的首尾已在答題卡上給出,不計(jì)入總數(shù)。4. 發(fā)言稿中不得使用真實(shí)的個(gè)人及學(xué)校信息。5. 發(fā)言稿必

37、須寫在答題卡指定的位置上。_【寫作思路】這是一篇材料作文,根據(jù)李文的發(fā)言流程圖寫一篇英文發(fā)言稿。主題是A Green World。因?yàn)榻裉焓钇?你將代表你校赴瑞士參加“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議并發(fā)言,主要從介紹自己、中國(guó)為“綠色世界”已經(jīng)做的和“我”是怎樣做得。這三個(gè)方面去介紹。時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),人稱為第一人稱。注意作文中必須包含材料上的所有信息,并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。寫作時(shí),避免使用漢語(yǔ)式的英語(yǔ),盡量使用我們熟悉的句子或短語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法要正確,表達(dá)要符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,注意時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配及主謂一致問(wèn)題。寫作中適當(dāng)使用連詞,注意上下文聯(lián)系緊密,符合邏輯關(guān)系,表達(dá)具有條理性?！緟⒖挤段摹縇adies and

38、 gentlemen!My name is Li Wen. Im a student of Wuxi Sunshine Middle School. This year, I am fifteen years old. China has made its own efforts for the green world. Many factories have met the discharge standards. We have made use of many new energy sources. For example: wind, solar and hydroelectric p

39、ower. What should we do as middle school students? First of all, we should turn off the lights in time. Secondly, when we take a shower, we should save water. Third, when we go shopping, we should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. If so, we have made our due efforts for environmental protectio

40、n.【2019 廣西河池市】“人生沒(méi)有彩排,生命沒(méi)有重來(lái)”,你平安、健康、快樂(lè)地生長(zhǎng)是父母最大的心愿。今年6月下旬學(xué)校將舉辦一場(chǎng)以“Keep away from the danger!” 為主題的英文演講比賽。假如你是王雷同學(xué),大家推選你參加這次比賽。請(qǐng)跟進(jìn)以下思維導(dǎo)圖提示,寫一篇英文演講稿。寫作提示：寫作要求：1. 不得使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名；2. 所有的提示詞都須用上,包含以上所有要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),使內(nèi)容充實(shí),行文連貫：3. 字跡工整,語(yǔ)言精練,表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確,條理清楚：Swimming:1. parents or teachers permission(允許)2. wear life jac

41、kets,Transportation:1.walk pavement.(人行道)2.mobile phone, cross the street.Making friends:1.believe, online2.meet, alone.Safety at school:1.run hallways .2.get on well with, fight with.3.threaten(恐嚇),call for.Drugs(毒品):1.never, try.2.sell,call110.Food:1. go bad, be harmful to.2.wash hands, meals.4. 詞數(shù)100詞左右。(演講稿的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。)Keep away from the da