Unit 4 重點知識歸納

1、登陸21世紀(jì)教育 助您教考全無憂Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. 重點知識歸納解析【重點單詞】21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng) 精品資料第 10 頁 （共 10 頁） 版權(quán)所有21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng)1. humorous adj. 有幽默感的;圖 2. silent adj. 沉默的； 3. helpful adj. 有用的，有幫助的：4. score n &v. 得分，進球。5. interview v &n. 面試，采訪；6. dare v. 敢于；膽敢；7. private adj. 私人的，私密的。8. require v. 需要；要求；9. European ad

2、j. 歐洲的； 10. British adj. 英國的；11. speech n. 講話；發(fā)言； 12. ant n. 螞蟻；13. insect n. 昆蟲14. influence n &v 影響；15. proud adj. 自豪的，驕傲的； 16. seldom adv. 不常，很少； 17. fail v.不及格，失??；18. general adj. 普通的，常規(guī)的；19. introduction n. 介紹；【重點詞組】1. used to過去曾經(jīng) 2. be afraid of the dark懼怕黑暗 3. from time to time時常 4. get good

3、scores取得好的分?jǐn)?shù)5. deal with對付，應(yīng)對6. get tons of attention得到大量的關(guān)注7. read books on European history閱讀有關(guān)歐洲歷史的書8. African culture非洲文化 9. be alone獨處 10. give a speech in public作一個公開演講11. paint pictures畫畫 12. be nervous about tests 對考試感到緊張13. influence his way of thinking影響他的思維方式14. be proud of ./take pride i

4、n 為感到驕傲 15. be absent from classes逃課 16. fail the examinations考試不及格 17. make a decision下決心18. talk with sb in person 親自找某人談話 19. to one surprise使某人驚訝的是 20. feel good about oneself對自己充滿信心 21. a general self-introduction一個簡要的自我介紹 22. in the last few years在最近幾年 23. remain silent 保持沉默 24. have a great i

5、nfluence on sb 對某人有很大的影響【重點句式】1. -You used to be short, didnt you? -Yes, I did.www.21-cn-你過去個子矮，是嗎？-是的，我是。2. -Whats he like now? -Hes tall now.-她現(xiàn)在是什么樣？-她現(xiàn)在很高。3. Paula used to be really quiet, she was never brave enough to ask questions.波拉以前很文靜，她從來不夠勇敢來問題。4. Its three years since we last saw our pri

6、mary school classmates.【來源：21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng)】自從我們上次見到我們的初中同學(xué)以來已有三年了。5. Emily didnt use to eat a lot of vegetables, but now she loves carrots and tomatoes.艾米麗過去不吃許多蔬菜，但是現(xiàn)在她喜愛胡蘿卜和西紅柿。6. -I used to be nervous about tests all the time. What about you?21*cnjy*com-Yes, me too. And I used to hate P.E class.-我以前對考試一直

7、感到緊張，你呢？-是的，我也是。 并且我過去還討厭上體育課。7. My life has changed a lot in the last few years.我的生活在近幾年改變了許多?！局攸c知識】Section A（1a 2d）a. 詞匯包： be interested in對感興趣該短語后接動詞-ing形式、名詞或代詞，其主語必須是人或其他有生命的東西。它相當(dāng)于show/take/have/feel (an) interest in，其中interest為名詞，意為“興趣”。其中be可換用get或become以強調(diào)由不感興趣到感興趣?！緛碓矗?1cnj*y.co*m】【備課例句】She

8、s interested in collecting shells. =She shows an interest in collecting shells. 她對收集貝殼感興趣。He became very interested in science when he was ten. 【版權(quán)所有：21教育】他十歲時就對科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。（以前不感興趣，十歲時開始）【橫向輻射】interesting & eresting作形容詞，有主動意味，意為“令人有趣的”，作表語時，主語通常是物。作定語時，既可修飾人，也可修飾物。【例句】The story is very inte

9、resting. 這故事很有趣。This is an interesting book. 這是本有趣的書。2.interest作不可數(shù)名詞時意為“興趣、趣味”。作動詞時意為“使（人）發(fā)生興趣”，其主語多為事物。【例句】Theyre all places of great interest in China. 它們都是中國的名勝。Your story interests me. 你的經(jīng)歷引起了我的興趣?！菊n堂變式】I have _ to tell you. Maybe you will be _ in it.A. interesting something; interested B. some

10、thing interesting; interestingC. something interesting; interested D. something interested; interesting 【解析】形容詞修飾不定代詞時，應(yīng)該放在其后面，可先排除A。另外，修飾某物時要用interesting，可排除D。第二空的you是人，故要用be interested in結(jié)構(gòu)。答案選擇C。b. 句式包：1.Mario, you used to be short, didnt you? 馬里奧，你過去很矮，對嗎？used to do sth 意為“過去常常做某事”，特指在過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，

11、而現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生，其中used to 可以看作情態(tài)動詞，用于各種人稱。【出處：21教育名師】【備課例句】He used to play soccer when he was young. 他年輕時經(jīng)常踢足球。（現(xiàn)在不踢了）She used to be an English teacher. 她過去是一位英語老師。（現(xiàn)在不是英語老師了）1.其否定句為didnt use to do或used not to do，used not可縮寫為usednt?！緜湔n例句】Mr. Li didnt use to drink beer. =Mr. Li usednt to drink beer. 李先生不常喝啤

12、酒。2.used to 的疑問句形式是“Diduse to do?”或“Usedto do”?！緜湔n例句】Did she use to get up early?=Used he to get up early? 她過去經(jīng)常早起嗎？3.used to 的反意疑問句也用助動詞did(nt)或used(nt)構(gòu)成。【備課例句】Mario used to be late for school, didnt/usednt he? 馬里奧以前上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到，對不對？【橫向輻射】be used to do sth & be used to doing sth.1.be used to do sth 表示“被

13、用于做某事”，是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)主語是動詞use的承受者?！纠洹縒ood can be used to make desks. 木材可用來制作書桌。Stamps can be used to send letters. 郵票可用來寄信。2.be used to doing sth意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to是介詞，后須接名詞或動詞-ing形式?！纠洹縄 was used to the hard life here. 我習(xí)慣這里的艱苦生活。He is used to working before six in the morning. 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣每天早晨六點以前干活。【課堂變式】1. She

14、 used to_ in the morning, but now she is used to _ at night.A. read; readB. read; readingC. reading; readD. reading; reading【解析】前一空是used to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，后一空是be used to doing 結(jié)構(gòu)。若第二空采用be used to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，主語she不能成為use的承受者。另外，由but now可知前一句說的是過去的情況，后一空說的是現(xiàn)在的情況。正確答案是B。2. I used to go outside on weekends. (改為

15、否定句) I_ _ to go outside on weekends.【解析】本題考查used to do的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。其否定句為didnt use to do或used not to do。正確答案是didnt use/used not。2.What did his friends used to look like? 他的朋友過去長得什么樣子？What does sb look like? 只用來詢問某人的外貌長相，相當(dāng)于What is sb like?, like在句中作介詞，意為“像”?！緜湔n例句】What does Tom look like? (=What is Tom like?

16、) 湯姆長得什么模樣？He is very much like his father, tall and dark. 他非常像他的父親又高又黑?！緳M向輻射】What is sb/ sth like?& What does sb like? 1. What is sb/ sth like?What is sb like? 還可用來詢問某人的品質(zhì)。What is sth. like?用來詢問事物的性質(zhì)，特別是用來談?wù)撎鞖鉅顩r, like在句中作介詞，意為“像”。【例句】What is Lily like? 莉莉是怎樣的一個人？Shes a very nice girl. 她是個非常好的女孩。Wha

17、ts the weather like? 今天天氣怎么樣？Very fine. 很晴朗。Whats this book like? 這本書怎么樣？Very interesting. 很有趣。2.What does sb like?該句型用來詢問某人“喜歡什么”，like為動詞“喜歡”。【例句】What does Li Hua like? 李華喜歡什么？He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳?！菊n堂變式】What does the lady look like? . A. Shes fine and well B. Shes really a nice ladyC. Shes tall

18、 and thin D. She likes wearing skirts【解析】A意為“她身體很好”，B意為“她的確是個好女士”，C意為“她是個瘦高個”，D意為“她喜歡穿短裙子”。問句是問長相如何，應(yīng)選C。Section A（3a 3c）a. 詞匯包：1. dare敢于；膽敢；可以作實義動詞，也可以作情態(tài)動詞。（1）實義動詞dare后面接動詞不定式to do21cnjy【例句】I dare to swim across the riverI dont dare to say that.Do you dare to go with me?(肯定回答：Yes, I do. 否定回答：No, I

19、dont.）（2）dare作情態(tài)動詞時后面接動詞原形（不帶to的動詞不定式）。21教育名師原創(chuàng)作品【例句】I darent say that.Dare you go with me?(肯定回答：Yes, I dare. 否定回答：No, I dare not.)How dare you say that?If he dare break the rule , he will be punished . 注意：dare作情態(tài)動詞時主要用于疑問句,否定句和條件從句中,不用于肯定句（只有一個例外I dare say，但那是一個固定短語，意思是“我相信, 可能, 我想是這樣”）。（3）在否定句或疑問句

20、中，現(xiàn)代英語口語常用實義動詞的dare，但省略后面的to，直接接動詞原形?！纠洹縄 dont dare say that.Do you dare go with me?【備課例句】Mary dare not go home because she failed the math test again.瑪麗不敢回家，因為她數(shù)學(xué)考試又沒及格。【課堂變式】Would you like to come over to my house tomorrow?Oh, I d love to . but I am afraid of your pet dog. I _ go close to it .A.

21、cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. darent【解析】由題意可知，我是怕你的寵物狗，而不敢靠近它. dare作情態(tài)動詞的否定式為darent;故答案選D。2. give up 放棄后接動詞-ing形式或名詞，但不能接動詞不定式。后接代詞作賓語時，代詞應(yīng)放在give和up之間。You should give up smoking. 你應(yīng)該戒煙。Math is too difficult for me. I think Ill give it up. 數(shù)學(xué)對我來說太難。我想我會放棄它?！緳M向輻射】give的相關(guān)短語give in 屈服，讓步；give back歸還；give

22、away分發(fā)，贈送；give sb a hand 幫某人的忙【課堂變式】Is he still raising money for charity?Yes. He never_ hope of helping poor children.A. gives up B. gives out C. takes off D. takes out【解析】gives out“分發(fā)”；takes off “脫下起飛”；takes out“拿出”。根據(jù)上句Is he still raising money for charity?及答語Yes可知答案選A，意為“放棄”。b. 句式包：1. Candy told

23、 me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. 凱迪告訴我她以前真的很害羞并且開始唱歌來應(yīng)對她的害羞。www-2-1-cnjy-com這是由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。takeup:開始從事【備課例句】Jack took up running for exercise to lose weight this month杰克這個月在跑步鍛煉來減肥?！緳M向輻射】take up 的用法(1)占，占地方 Thatbigtabletakesuptoomuchroom. 那張大桌子占的地方太大了

24、。 LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime. 學(xué)英語占了我許多時間。 (2)開始從事 Wetookupphysicalchemistryatcollege. 在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。 (3)討論 discuss Wewilltakethenextlessonuptomorrow.我們明天將要討論下一課。(4)從事；經(jīng)手 Theteachertookupthelessonwhereshestopped.老師從昨天留下的部分開始講。 (5)讓乘客上車；接納 Thebusstoppedtotakeupthestudents. 公共汽車停下來，讓這些學(xué)生上車。 【課堂

25、變式】Whats your plan for the new school year?Oh, I am going to _a new hobby by learning to play the guitar.A. take part B. take up C. take back D. take care【解析】此題考查take相關(guān)的短語，由題意可知，我打算通過學(xué)彈吉它開始一項新愛好。答案選B。 deal with “對付”、“應(yīng)付”【備課例句】The young woman teacher didnt know how to deal with the noisy class. 21教育網(wǎng)

26、這位年輕的女教師不知道如何應(yīng)對喧鬧的課堂。【橫向輻射】deal with 與do with1 . do with常與連接代詞 what 連用，而 deal with 常與連接副詞 how 連用【例句】I dont know how they deal with the problem . = I dont know what they do with the problem . 我不知道他們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個問題。 2. 這兩個詞組在使用時有細(xì)微的差別。一般地說，do側(cè)重對象 ，deal側(cè)重方式方法；do with 表示“處置”、“忍受”、“相處”、“有關(guān)”等。deal with 意義很廣，常表示、

27、“處理”、“安排”、“論述”、“涉及”等。【例句】 1 . They found a way to do with the elephant. 他們找到對付那頭大象的辦法了。 2. They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種局面。 【課堂變式】1. The boss found two boys stealing his bread but he didnt know _ A. how to do with B. what to do with them C. how to deal with it D.

28、what to deal with【解析】deal with與do with都是處理，應(yīng)對的意思，故選A。do with常與連接代詞 what 連用，而 deal with 常與連接副詞 how 連用. 故選C。2. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.只有少量的人才成功地到達頂峰。a small number of 意為：“少量的，為數(shù)不多的”。Make it意為“辦成，做到；成功”；用來表示達到預(yù)定目標(biāo)。21世紀(jì)*教育網(wǎng)【備課例句】Today make it close to be late for class. 今天

29、我差一點都遲到了。2-1-c-n-j-y【橫向輻射】make it的用法 一、用來表示規(guī)定時間，常與can, let等詞連用?！纠洹?A：Shall we meet next week?下星期我們見面，好嗎？B：Yes. Lets make it next Sunday.好的，讓我們約定下星期日吧。二、用來表示達到預(yù)定目標(biāo)；辦成，做到；成功；發(fā)跡。【例句】 ：Tell him I want to see him tonight, at my house if he can make it.告訴他今晚我要見他，行的話就在我家。三、用來表示及時抵達；趕上。【例句】 ：He wont be abl

30、e to make it home at Christmas.圣誕節(jié)時他到不了家。四、用來表示(疾病)等得到好轉(zhuǎn)；得救?！纠洹?：The doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it.醫(yī)生知道那個病人沒什么希望了。五、用來表示相處得很好，受歡迎(或尊重)，被接受(與with連用)?！纠洹?：She finally made it with the crowd in Hollywood.她終于受到好萊塢人的歡迎。六、用來表示預(yù)定小吃?！纠洹?：Make it a cake and a bottle of orange.來一塊蛋糕和

31、一瓶橘汁。【課堂變式】Dont give up! Come on. I know you can make_.A. it B. this C. that D. so 解析make it 為固定搭配，意為：“辦成，做到；成功”；用來表示達到預(yù)定目標(biāo)。答案ASection B（1a 1e）a. 詞匯包：all the time一直；總是相當(dāng)于always。【備課例句】I have been busy all the time. 我一直很忙。【橫向輻射】time的相關(guān)短語in time及時on time 按時for the first time 第一次at the same time 同時have

32、a good time 過得愉快；玩得開心at times (=sometimes) 有時【課堂變式】Look! The monkeys are jumping _. A. in time B. for the first time C. all the time D. at times 【解析】根據(jù)句意“瞧！這些猴子一直在跳”可確定答案是C。Section B（2a 2f）a.詞匯包1. cause (v.)造成；使發(fā)生作動詞，常見用法有：(1)后接名詞或代詞。【備課例句】What cause his illness? 是什么使他生?。?2)后接雙賓語，即cause sb sth，意為“給某

33、人帶來”?！緜湔n例句】Im afraid Im going to cause you much trouble. 恐怕我會給你添很多麻煩。(3) 后接動詞不定式作賓補，即cause sb/sth to do sth，意為“促使某人做某事”。【備課例句】Success causes him to work hard. 成功促使他更加努力工作。【橫向輻射】cause 作名詞cause 作名詞時，意為“原因”，近義詞為reason。表示“的原因”常用the cause of 或the reason for?！纠洹縒hat was the cause of the accident? 這起事故的原因

34、是什么？Give me your reason for doing that. 給我你那樣做的理由?！菊n堂變式】Every year driving after drinking wine _ a lot of traffic accidents.A. happens B. provides C. causes D. affords【解析】happen“發(fā)生”；provide“提供”；affords“買得起”。根據(jù)句意“每年酒后駕車引發(fā)大量交通事故”可確定選C。2. waste (v.)浪費；濫用作動詞，表示浪費時間、精力、財力和物力等，常接名詞作賓語。另外waste還可用于waste sth

35、 on sth/sb和waste sth (in) doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)。21cnjycom【備課例句】He never wasted a moment. 他從不浪費一刻時間。Dont waste your time on these things. 不要把你的時間浪費在這些事上。He wasted lots of time in playing computer games. 玩電腦游戲浪費了他很多時間。【課堂變式】1.你不要把時間浪費在看電視上。Dont waste your time _ _ TV. 2.讓那個孩子不要浪費時間了。Ask the child _ _ _time.【解析】

36、1.in watching 2.not to waste 3. make a decision 下決定；下決心該短語相當(dāng)于動詞decide。decision是動詞decide的名詞形式?！緜湔n例句】She could not make a decision about the dresses. 她對（買不買）這衣服下不了決心。We need to make a decision on this by next week. 我們得在下周前就這一問題作出決定。【課堂變式】Jack, will your family move to Shanghai?Yes. Thats a very big my

37、 parents made.A. decide B. decision C. education D. difference 【解析】decide是動詞，意為“決定”；decision是名詞，意為“決定”； education 是名詞，意為“教育”；difference是名詞，意為“差異，不同”。根據(jù)句意“那是我父母做的一個大決定”以及空格前的a確定用decide的名詞形式，故選B。4. no longer 不再；已不【備課例句】I go there no longer. 我不再去那兒了。She no longer needed the shoe! 她不再需要那只鞋子了。【橫向輻射】notan

38、y longer & not any more 1.notany longer 意為“不再”，?？膳cno longer 替換，多指過去持續(xù)的動作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已不能再繼續(xù)下去，側(cè)重指時間上不再延長。【例句】I cant wait for you any longer.=I cant no longer wait for you. 我不能再等到你了。2.notany more也意為“不再”，可與no more替換，多指再也不重復(fù)過去反復(fù)做或發(fā)生的具體動作?！纠洹縏he baby didnt cry any more.=The baby no more cried. 那個嬰兒不再哭了?！菊n堂變式】He no longer lives here. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) He _ _here _ _ .【解析】doesnt live, any longer。5. take pride in 對感