高考過去分詞用法（高考預(yù)測）

1、高考過去分詞用法（高考預(yù)測）【原創(chuàng)精品】非謂語是高中語法中的重點和難點項目，也是高考的重點、必考點，過去分詞是考查熱點之一。 一、過去分詞作狀語（考查較多）、弄清過去分此作狀語的最基本特點，過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動，只表示完成)。例如：written in a hurry, this article was not so good!導(dǎo)悟：written為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。再如：given better attention, the plants could grow better.提醒：有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，

2、作狀語時不表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿著）；tired of（厭煩）。lost/absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他沒有聽到那個聲音。born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于這個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)，他不愿意離開它。、明確過去分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語，過去分詞作狀語時

3、其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。例-1：_the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would fall off the edge. (cet-4 1996,6) a. believed b.believing c.believed d.being believed本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關(guān)系，及分詞與主語之間為主謂關(guān)系。因此，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，答案為b.例-2：he looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the n

4、ews of his mothers illness.導(dǎo)悟：分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。例-3：given another hour, i can also work out this problem.導(dǎo)悟：given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語i，即i被再給一小時。例-4：seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.導(dǎo)悟：seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是“我們”，

5、因為“我們”應(yīng)主動看城市。 提醒：如果過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實際上屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：the signal given, the bus started.信號一發(fā)出，汽車就開動了。導(dǎo)悟：the signal是given的邏輯主語，因此主句的主語the bus就不是given的邏輯主語。、過去分詞作狀語的由來，過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。例-1：caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因為

6、淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。導(dǎo)悟：caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句because he was caught in a heavy rain.例-2：accepted by the party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the party. （表時間）入黨以后，他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。例-3：compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study english.（表條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀

7、語從句） 和你哥哥相比，你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。例-4：though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=though they had been warned.) （表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句）例-5： seated at the table, my father and i were talking about my job. （表方式或伴隨情況）我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。特別提醒-1：狀語從句改為過去分次有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+過

8、去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語?！皐hile ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well. when given a medical examination, you should keep calm.特別提醒-2：過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。例如：when asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當(dāng)那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默

9、不語。特別提醒-3：確過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面常用逗號隔開：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗號與主句隔開。如；he stood there silently , moved to tears.= moved to tears, he stood there silently.特別提醒-4：熟悉與高考鏈接情況，明確高考考查重點。二、過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，表示主語的感受（感情）或心理狀態(tài)，主語多為人。dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。he is quite p

10、leased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。his response to the question was quite disappointing. i felt disappointed at his response.提醒：過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態(tài)混為一體，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，被動語態(tài)則表示被動的動作。如：the road is covered with fallen leaves. （表狀態(tài)）the road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表動作)特別提醒:過去分詞和ing分詞作表語

11、的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝the news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。they were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。at the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到這么動人的情景，所有

12、在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。三、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider

13、, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動詞等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。能用作賓語補(bǔ)助語的過去分詞一般都完成是及物動詞，表示被動意義或已意義，有時兩者兼而有之。作賓語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。例-1： my elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.例

14、-2：they managed to make themselves understood using very simple english. （用于使役動詞）例-3：we can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官動詞）例-3：after my encounter with her, i found myself greatly shaken.例-4：you should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表狀態(tài)的動詞）例-5：the teacher expe

15、cted the students well prepared for the examination. 注意：在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)語,也可用不定式做補(bǔ)語。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行,用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經(jīng)完成。如：*i saw mr. white get off a bus.*i saw mr. white looking into the shop window. *do you hear someone knocking at the doo

16、r? yes, i did. i heard him knock three times.特別提醒-1： 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補(bǔ)語。主語讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志。have somebody/something do something 不定式作補(bǔ)語必須省去to, 不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：the radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她請人修的收音機(jī)壞了。表示“使完成某事”，可以是別人完成，也可以是自己參與完成。we must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week. 主

17、語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（臺風(fēng)）.he had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。特別提醒-2：當(dāng)這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語。如：one of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。they should be kept informed of the situation there. 應(yīng)該讓他們知道那

18、兒的形勢。四、過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語時，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關(guān)系（現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)。 例-1：my parents are both retired teachers.例-2：we can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.例-3：as early as 1649 ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must

19、be established in every town _50 households or more. a.havingb. to have c.to have had d.having had 導(dǎo)悟：答案為a。后面由現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town與分詞間為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞。 例-4：most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited to the garden party) came from our school.例-5：the suggestion made by t

20、he foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。特別提醒:過去分詞和ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水developed countries發(fā)展的國家 developing countries發(fā)展中國家fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語

21、通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進(jìn)行的主動的動作。五、高考鏈接： 看一看高考是怎樣考的？1. _ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05江蘇卷）a. having lostb. lostc. being lostd. losing2. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）a. dressedb. to dressc. dressi

22、ngd. having dressed3. when _ help, one often says“thank you.”or“its kind of you.” （05福建卷）a. offeringb. to offerc. to be offeredd. offered4_ into use in april 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷） a. put b. putting c. having put d. being put5

23、you should understand the traffic rule by now. youve had it_ often enough. （05天津卷）a. explaining b. to explain c. explain d. explained6the prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to china. (05北京卷) a. payingb. paidc. to be paidd. being paid7the repairs cost a lot ,but its mone

24、y well_.（05湖北卷）ato spendbspentcbeing spent dspending 8the disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)a. recordedb. recordingc. to be recordedd. having recorded9.it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. （04全國卷iii）a. questioning

25、b. having questionedc. questionedd. to be questioned10.helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. （04全國卷ii）a. making herself hearb. to make herself hearc. making herself heardd. to make herself heard一、能力提高練習(xí)：1.when the little child caught sight of the young woman _ in white he started brawli

26、ng immediately. a. worn b. wearing c. dressed d. putting on2.the author gave a detailed description _on his personal observation of naturea.basedb.to basec.to be basedd. basing3._ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed by 4.th

27、ese students are quick at learning well have them in new methodsa.trainb.trainingc.trainedd.to train5. most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.a. invited b. to invite c. being invited d. inviting 6. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.a. given b. to give c. giving d.

28、 having given7. the murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied8. the computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened9. _ in thought, he almost ran into the

29、car in front of him.a. losing b. having lost c. lost d. to lose10. the olympic games, _ in 776bc, didnt include women players until 1912.a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to be first played11. dont get _ in the rain.a. to be caught b. catching c. to catch d. caught12. i found

30、 a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.a. to be stuck b. stuck c. sticking d. stick13. -by the way, when did you get your bedroom _ ? -last week.a. to paint b. painted c. painting d. to be painted14. through the examination one of the boys in the class was found _ by a(an)_ disease.a. infecting;

31、 knowing b. infected; unknown c. to be infected; to be known d. be infected; unknown15. they found a _ old woman _ on the ground when the door was broken down.a. dying, lying b. dead, lied c. death, laying d. died, lain16. on a _ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street.a. fre

32、ezing, freezing b. freezing, frozen c. frozen, frozend. frozen, freezing17. were _ to listen to her _ voice. its _ to hear her sing.a. pleased; pleasing; pleasure b. pleased; pleasant; a pleasurec. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure d. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure18. when i came home last night, i saw my

33、 little kid _ on bed, with his whole attention _ upon the book about harry porrer.a. lying; fixingb. lay; fixedc. sitting; to fixd. seated; fixed19. _ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.a. seen, covered b. seen, covering c. seeing, covering d.

34、seeing, covered 20. an _and _ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.a. excited; happy b. exciting; happy c. exciting; happily d. excitedly; happilykeys: 1-5 c a b c a 6-10 a d d c a 1115 d b d b a 16-20 b b b b a供稿人：山東 邵立華 地 址：山東寧陽第二中學(xué)（磁窯）高中英語教研室（06屆高三英語備課組）郵 編：271411 e-mail: g3yy / g3yy 手

35、機(jī)、過去分詞遷移應(yīng)用精練（高考仿真訓(xùn)練）1people cannot but feel _, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.a. puzzled b. delighted c. puzzling d. delighting2and there , almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.a. having

36、 lostb. losingc. to be lostd. lost3. as the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _.a. to be doneb. doingc. to keepd. kept4. _ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.a. being settledb. settledc. having settledd. settling5. the girl is _ to be a good dancer if she well trai

37、ned in an art school.a. gifted and promisedb. gifted and promisingc. gifting and promisingd. gift and promised6.you see this kind of products _, wherever you go in the city.a. advertisedb. being advertisingc. advertisingd. having advertised7. the traffic problem, which we are expecting _ , should ha

38、ve attracted the local governments attention.a. seeing to solveb. to see to solvec. to see solvedd. seeing solving8. _ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _.a. though warned; to talk withb. having warned; talked aboutc. warned; to talk tod. to warn; talking with9

39、. _ , these letters were difficult for me to read.a. to write in germanb. written in the german languagec. having been written with germand. being written in german10.this noon my boss replied _ the invitation _ before he went home.a. on; receivingb. to; receivedc. on; acceptedd. to; accepting11._ o

40、ne of the leading poets in america today, sonia sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.a. considering beingb. consideredc. having considered asd. to consider12.- are all the names of your class _ here? - yes, all _ those who are absent.a. listed; includedb. listing; includesc. listed;

41、 includingd. being listed; being included13.the power station keeps the villages _ with electricity.a. suppliedb. to supplyc. supplyingd. having supplied14. the dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.a. to train properly b. being trained properly c. properly to train d. trained properly15it was gettin

42、g dark; i found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. a. to be stuck b. stuck c. stickingd. stick16. the thief fell to the ground, his left foot _ and blood _ down from his mouth. a. breaking; runningb. broken; running c. breaking; run d. broken; run17. the program was so exciting that the chil

43、dren kept their eyes _ on the screen. a. to fix b. to be fixed c. fixed d. fixing18. - did you get a dictionary? - no, i _, but there were not any _. a. tried; to be left b. had tried to; leaving c. tried to; left d. had tried; have left19. when he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his ha

44、nds _ back. a. to sit; tying b. sitting; tying c. seating; tied d. seated; tied20. the joke told by tom made us _, so the teacher couldnt make himself _. a. to laugh; hearingb. laughing; heardc. laughing; hear d. laughed; heard21. seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded wi

45、th satisfaction. a. prepareb. preparing c. preparedd. having prepared22. dont worry. ill have it _ and get someone _ it to you tomorrow. a. typed; send b. to type; to send c. type; send d. typed; to send23.turning around, she found his eyes _ upon her with an anger expression.a. fixingb. fixedc. to

46、fixd. were fixing24.in recent years, a series of landmark buildings _ by international architects have been set up in shanghai.a. to be designedb. designedc. designingd. having designed25_ as the first lady of speech, dr, lillian glass is recognized as one of the worlds leading experts on communicat

47、ion skills.a. knowingb. having knownc. knownd. to be known26only_ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.a. takingb. takenc. being takend. having been taken27. new ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _. a. being fully acceptingb. fully accepting c. having fully acc

48、eptedd. fully accepted 28. having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _ off her mind. a. takingb. taken c. taked. to be taken 29. the 18-storeyed building, when _, will shut out the sun _ up the rooms in my house. a. completed; lightedb. completing; lightingc. completing; lighted d. comple

49、ted; lighting30.with _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.a. falling ; buryingb. fallen; buriedc. fallen; buryingd. falling; buried遷移應(yīng)用精練答案及簡析：1答案：a.。be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、為難。句意：人們不得不感到迷惑，因為他們簡直不能理解，他怎么能犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。2答案：d。lost in結(jié)構(gòu)（be lost in去be）作方式狀語。3. 答案：d。與上文并列

50、用過去分詞，如：its easier said than done.。4. 答案：b。settled作狀語，表伴隨。5. 答案：b。本句用and連接并列成分，gifted作表語表示“聰慧的”，promise作并列謂語動詞表示“有希望”。6.答案：a。用過去分詞表被動。7. 答案：c。考查過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。從語境看本句的正常語序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)。8. 答案：c?？疾檫^去分詞作狀語。9. 答案：b。過去分詞表原因，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行（還原為從句后是進(jìn)行時態(tài)），不合

51、題意。10. 答案：b。reply to sth.表示“對作出答復(fù)”，第二空用過去分詞作定語。11.答案：b。本句表示他被認(rèn)為是，要用過去分詞，后接(to be)+n./adj.作補(bǔ)助語，即considered(to be) one of the poets。12.答案：c?？疾榉侵^語。第一空用list（列名單）的被動語態(tài)，第二空用including作介詞表示“包括”。13.答案：a。考查非謂語的正確使用。keep sth. done表被動含義。14. 答案：d。過去分詞短語作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于if it is trained properly。watchdog看門狗。15答案：b . 由短語b

52、e stuck in（陷入）可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。16. 答案：b . 考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。foot和break之間是被動關(guān)系，blood和run是主動關(guān)系。17. 答案：c. 由固定結(jié)構(gòu)fix ones eyes on/upon.可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞。18. 答案：c。18. tried to后省去了get one。19. 答案：d。由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空應(yīng)用seated作賓語補(bǔ)足語；with his hands tied back為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作伴隨狀語。20. 答案：b。21. 答案：c。由固定短語be (well) prepared for可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。22.答案：d。此處為have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)和get sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。23.答案：b。24.答案：b。過去分詞作定語，表一個被動的，已經(jīng)完成的動作，相當(dāng)于定語從句。25答案為c。該題考查過去分詞在句中用作原因狀語。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的主語dr, lillian glass實際上就是選項動詞的主語，相當(dāng)于as he is known as .引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故選過去分詞known。解答該題的關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)句意，準(zhǔn)確判斷選項動詞在句中所作成分。26答案b