通風(fēng)、空調(diào)工程施工圖預(yù)算——通風(fēng)安裝工程量計算【含案例】

1、通風(fēng)、空調(diào)工程施工圖預(yù)算-通風(fēng)安裝工程量計算（含案例）一、通風(fēng)工程系統(tǒng)組成通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的任務(wù)是將室內(nèi)的污濁空氣或廢氣經(jīng)過消毒之后排至室外，再把室外的新鮮空氣經(jīng)過凈化處理之后送到室內(nèi)，以保持室內(nèi)的空氣清潔、新鮮。1、通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的分類按照動力來分分為自然通風(fēng)、機械通風(fēng)兩種。機械通風(fēng)又分為機械送風(fēng)和機械排風(fēng)兩種。自然通風(fēng)：由于室內(nèi)外空氣的溫度不同而形成的空氣重度差促使室內(nèi)和室外的空氣發(fā)生對流、交換。機械通風(fēng)機械通風(fēng)分為機械送風(fēng)和機械排風(fēng)兩種。機械送風(fēng)：利用風(fēng)機產(chǎn)生的動力，使空氣在通風(fēng)管道系統(tǒng)內(nèi)沿一定的方向流動，分送到各用其房間或用氣點。如下圖所示機械排風(fēng)：利用風(fēng)機產(chǎn)生的的空氣或廢氣經(jīng)過消毒之后排至室外。如

2、下圖所示動力，將室內(nèi)污濁 2、通風(fēng)工程系統(tǒng)組成送風(fēng)(給風(fēng))系統(tǒng)組成(j系統(tǒng))，如下圖所示。吸(回、排)風(fēng)口：將房間內(nèi)濁氣吸入回風(fēng)管道，送回空氣處理室處理。管道配件(管件)：彎頭、三通、四通、異徑管、法蘭盤、導(dǎo)流片、靜壓箱等。管道部件：各處風(fēng)口、閥、排氣罩、風(fēng)帽、檢查孔、測定孔和風(fēng)管支、吊、托架等。排風(fēng)(p)系統(tǒng)組成，如下圖所示。排風(fēng)口：將濁氣吸入排風(fēng)管內(nèi)。有吸風(fēng)口、排風(fēng)口、側(cè)吸罩等部件。排風(fēng)管：輸送濁氣的管道。排風(fēng)機：排風(fēng)機是將濁氣用機械能量從排氣管中排出。風(fēng)帽：將濁氣排入大氣中，防空氣倒灌及防雨水灌入的部件。除塵器：用排風(fēng)機的吸力將帶灰塵及有害質(zhì)粒的濁氣吸入除塵器中，將塵粒集中排出。如旋風(fēng)除

3、塵器、袋式除塵器、濾塵器等。其他管件和部件等：見送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。二、通風(fēng)安裝工程量計算(一)通風(fēng)管道工程量計算1、風(fēng)管工程量計算及定額使用：用薄鋼板、鍍鋅鋼板、不銹鋼板、塑料板等板材制作安裝的風(fēng)管工程量，以施工圖圖示風(fēng)管中心線長度為準，按風(fēng)管不同斷面形狀(圓、方、矩)的展開面積計算，按計量。風(fēng)管展開面積：不扣除檢查孔、測定孔、送風(fēng)口、吸風(fēng)口等所占面積，咬口重疊部分也不增加。風(fēng)管長度計算：一律以施工圖所示中心線長度為準。包括彎頭、三通、變徑管、天圓地方管件長度。支管長度以支管中心線與主管中心線交接點為分界點。風(fēng)管長度不包括部件所占長度。部件長度值按教材表5.2計取。風(fēng)管制作與安裝定額包括：彎頭、三通、

4、變徑管、天圓地方等管件及法蘭、加固框和吊架、托架、支架的制作與安裝。風(fēng)管制作與安裝定額不包括：過跨風(fēng)管的落地支架制安。按重量另計其費用，使用通風(fēng)空調(diào)分冊相關(guān)子目。凈化通風(fēng)管道及部件制作與安裝，工程量計算方法與一般通風(fēng)管道相同，用相應(yīng)定額，但是，零部件安裝要計算凈化費，按相應(yīng)部件子目安裝基價的35%作為凈化費。其中人工費占40%。對凈化管道與建筑物縫隙之間所做的凈化密封處理，按實計算其費用。塑料風(fēng)管、管件制作需熱煨成型，用木質(zhì)胎具時，其胎具木材按一等方材計價攤銷。當風(fēng)管工程量在30以上時，攤銷0.06m3/10;30以下時，攤銷0.09m3/10。當風(fēng)管、管件、部件、非標設(shè)備發(fā)生場外運輸時，在場

5、外生產(chǎn)的施工組織設(shè)計必須經(jīng)過審批，其運費按以下方法計算：運費=車次數(shù)車核定噸位噸千米單價里程車次數(shù)=加工件總重量/車次核定噸位裝載系數(shù)裝載系數(shù)：非標準設(shè)備及通風(fēng)部件0.7;通風(fēng)管及管件為0.5。不足一車按一車計。通風(fēng)管制作安裝：按材質(zhì)、風(fēng)管形狀、直徑大小和鈑材厚度而不論制作方法(咬口、焊接)，分別套用定額。薄鋼鈑風(fēng)管中鈑材，設(shè)計要求厚度不同時，可以換算，人工、機械不變。風(fēng)管制作安裝定額中法蘭墊料是按各種材料品種綜合考慮的，不得換算。整個通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)實際采用漸縮管均勻送風(fēng)者，圓形管按斷面平均直徑，矩形管按斷面平均周長套用相應(yīng)歸各自u，其人工乘以系數(shù)2.5。另：空氣幕送風(fēng)管制作安裝，按矩形風(fēng)管斷面平均

6、周長套用相應(yīng)風(fēng)管規(guī)格子目，其人工乘以系數(shù)3.0，其余不變。2、風(fēng)管彎頭導(dǎo)流片按葉片圖示面積以計量。不分單葉片或香蕉形雙葉片，均使用同一子目。3、帆布接頭或人造革軟管接頭按接頭長度以展開面積計算，以計量。4、風(fēng)管檢查孔制作與安裝以kg計量?？刹橥L(fēng)分冊附錄國標通風(fēng)部件標準質(zhì)量表。5、溫度和風(fēng)量測定孔以個計量。6、風(fēng)道以磚、石、砼、木、石膏板等制作、安裝的通風(fēng)管道，稱為風(fēng)道。按土建預(yù)算定額有關(guān)分部定額執(zhí)行。(二)風(fēng)管管件(配件)展開面積計算公式風(fēng)管管件在風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)中的形狀及組合情況如下圖所示。各種風(fēng)管管件展開面積的計算：1、圓形、矩形直管風(fēng)管2、圓形異徑管、矩形異徑管(大小頭)3、圓形管、矩形管彎頭

7、4、圓形管三通(褲衩管)圓管加彎三通5、矩形管三通6、天圓地方(三)風(fēng)管風(fēng)管部件閥類制作安裝工程量部件制作安裝工程量按質(zhì)量計算(kg)，其質(zhì)量查閱標準圖集或通風(fēng)空調(diào)分冊附錄國標通風(fēng)部件標準質(zhì)量表計算。(四)風(fēng)管部件風(fēng)口制作與安裝工程量通風(fēng)用風(fēng)口除鋼百葉窗按計算外，其余風(fēng)口制作均按質(zhì)量(kg)計算。(五)風(fēng)管部件風(fēng)帽制作安裝工程量風(fēng)帽制作以質(zhì)量計算工程量，安裝以個計量。(六)風(fēng)管部件罩類制作安裝工程量制作按質(zhì)量，安裝按個計量。(七)風(fēng)管部件消聲器制作與安裝工程量消聲器制作安裝均以質(zhì)量計量。除此之外，還有空調(diào)部件及設(shè)備支架制作安裝、通風(fēng)機安裝、除塵器安裝等。詳見教材p211214。例1：根據(jù)下列工

8、程所給條件，立項算量。例2：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項算量。例3：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項算量。例4：根據(jù)下列工程所給條件，立項算量。例5：某恒溫空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項算量。例6：某恒溫空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項算量。例7：某空調(diào)工程組成如下，根據(jù)所給條件，立項算量。例8：某通風(fēng)工程部分管道組成如下，要求立項算量。例9：某房間通風(fēng)空調(diào)組成如下，要求立項算量。g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.y

9、ou may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can ma

10、ke a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make

11、an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one o

12、f the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about m

13、aking a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. t

14、his is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be bes

15、t to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there wat

16、ch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sp

17、ort.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered

18、an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot

19、 of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory

20、deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood,

21、 think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peac

22、e, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on

23、the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚

24、會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear,

25、 as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give one

26、self an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained

27、. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有

28、著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitat

29、ion or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruisin

30、g altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 12

31、0,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool.