中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展Management[修復(fù)的]

1、第十三章第十三章 中國(guó)中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理與可持國(guó)土資源管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展續(xù)發(fā)展一、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源基本形勢(shì)The Basic Situation of Chinas Land and Resources（一）中國(guó)國(guó)土資源狀況The status of Chinas Land and Resource 一、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源基本形勢(shì)一、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源基本形勢(shì) The Basic Situation of Chinas Land and Resources二、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理體系二、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理體系 The Management System of Chinas Land and Resources三、中國(guó)國(guó)

2、土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來(lái)三、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來(lái) The Present Situation and the Future of Land and Resources Management of China內(nèi)容提綱內(nèi)容提綱Outline of Presentation中國(guó)位于亞洲東部，陸地面積中國(guó)位于亞洲東部，陸地面積960萬(wàn)萬(wàn)km2，內(nèi)海和邊海，內(nèi)海和邊海水域面積約水域面積約470多萬(wàn)多萬(wàn)km2。有。有37個(gè)個(gè)省級(jí)行政區(qū)。省級(jí)行政區(qū)。2006年，年，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值210871億元，總?cè)丝趦|元，總?cè)丝?31448萬(wàn)人。萬(wàn)人。China is situated at the

3、east of the Asia . It has a land area of 9,600,000 km2. Its inner and border sea water area is about 4,700,000 km2. Its 37 provincial administration regions. In 2006, its gross domestic product was RMB 21.0871 trillion Yuan, with the population of 1,314,480,000 persons. 中國(guó)自然資源在總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個(gè)特點(diǎn)中國(guó)自然資源在總體上呈現(xiàn)

4、出四個(gè)特點(diǎn)：資源總量大，：資源總量大，類(lèi)型齊全；人均資源占有量少；資源空間分布不均衡，類(lèi)型齊全；人均資源占有量少；資源空間分布不均衡，資源組合結(jié)構(gòu)不匹配；資源開(kāi)發(fā)難度大，節(jié)約集約程資源組合結(jié)構(gòu)不匹配；資源開(kāi)發(fā)難度大，節(jié)約集約程度不高。度不高。Chinas natural resources generally has four characteristics: big volume of the total resource with full types, small amount of per man resource occupancy, unbalanced spatial distr

5、ibution of resources and mismatching of resource combination structure as well as difficulty of being developed.土地資源特點(diǎn)一：土地資源特點(diǎn)一：總量大，人均占有量小?？偭看螅司加辛啃?。The first characteristics of land resource : big total volume with small occupancy. q 中國(guó)陸地面積和耕地面積都位居世界第中國(guó)陸地面積和耕地面積都位居世界第3 3，耕地占世，耕地占世界耕地的界耕地的9.3%9.3%；

6、多年生牧場(chǎng)面積占世界；多年生牧場(chǎng)面積占世界11.5%11.5%，居世，居世界第界第1 1。20062006年，全國(guó)耕地面積年，全國(guó)耕地面積12177.5912177.59萬(wàn)公頃，人萬(wàn)公頃，人均耕地均耕地0.0930.093公頃，不到世界平均水平的公頃，不到世界平均水平的40%40%。q Its cultivable land area accounts for 9.3% of the world, ranking the third in the world. Its perennial pasture area accounts for 11.5% of that of the world,

7、 ranking the first in the world. By 2006, the cultivated lands of the whole country was 121,775,900 hectares, but there was only 0.093 hectare per man cultivated land, even less than 40% of the worlds average level. 2006年全國(guó)土地利用年全國(guó)土地利用 the land-use of China in 200625.925.913.113.110.910.92.852.852.12

8、.11.431.43人均耕地（畝）人均耕地（畝）per man cultivated land （mu）(2005 year)加拿大加拿大Canada俄羅斯俄羅斯Russia美國(guó)美國(guó)American印度印度India德國(guó)德國(guó)German中國(guó)中國(guó)China土地資源特點(diǎn)二：土地資源特點(diǎn)二：耕地總體質(zhì)量不高。耕地總體質(zhì)量不高。The Secondly characteristics of land resource : the general quality of the cultivated area was poor. q 高產(chǎn)田僅占高產(chǎn)田僅占28%，中產(chǎn)田為，中產(chǎn)田為40%，低產(chǎn)田為，低產(chǎn)田為

9、32%。優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地占用過(guò)快，耕地污染退化比較。優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地占用過(guò)快，耕地污染退化比較嚴(yán)重，全國(guó)每年因水土流失、土壤鹽堿化和沙嚴(yán)重，全國(guó)每年因水土流失、土壤鹽堿化和沙化損失的耕地仍在增加?；瘬p失的耕地仍在增加。q High yielded field accounted for only 28%, medium yielded field for 40% and low yielded field accounted for 32%. Good quality cultivated land was occupied too fast, resulting in a bit serious reces

10、sion due to pollution of cultivated land. Each year, the loss of cultivated land in the country due to soil erosion, salinization and desertification is still increasing. 2001-20062001-2006年全國(guó)災(zāi)毀耕地情況年全國(guó)災(zāi)毀耕地情況The loss of cultivated land area due to natural disasters 2001-2006 year土地資源特點(diǎn)三：土地資源特點(diǎn)三：土地資源區(qū)

11、域差異顯著。土地資源區(qū)域差異顯著。The Thirdly characteristics of land resource : the regional difference of land resources. 宜農(nóng)、宜林土地主要分布于東部季風(fēng)區(qū)，宜農(nóng)、宜林土地主要分布于東部季風(fēng)區(qū)，80%以上的以上的草地分布在西北干旱區(qū)。草地分布在西北干旱區(qū)。Lands suitable for agriculture and forest are mainly distributed over the east seasonal wind areas. Over 80% of grass lands ar

12、e distributed over the northwestern dry areas. 土地資源特點(diǎn)四：土地資源特點(diǎn)四：可供開(kāi)發(fā)利用的土地面積小可供開(kāi)發(fā)利用的土地面積小The fourth characteristics of land resource : the developable and applicable land area is small 耕地后備資源不足，僅耕地后備資源不足，僅1億畝左右。億畝左右。the cultivated backup land resource is insufficient (only about 100,000,000 mu). 中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資

13、源總量豐富，但人均資源量少；中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源總量豐富，但人均資源量少；資源稟賦較差，利用難度大。資源稟賦較差，利用難度大。 China is rich in total volume of mineral resources， But the per man resource volume is little；The resources are not of natural endowment, with difficulty of utilization 。 q 中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源總量約占世界的中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源總量約占世界的12%12%，居世界第，居世界第3 3位；人均資源量?jī)H為世界水平的位；人均資源量?jī)H

14、為世界水平的58%58%，居世界第，居世界第5353位，主要礦產(chǎn)探明人均儲(chǔ)量不到世界平均水位，主要礦產(chǎn)探明人均儲(chǔ)量不到世界平均水平的平的1/41/4。 The total volume of mineral resources of China accounts for about 12% of that of the world, ranking the third in the world. the per man resource volume is only at 58% of the worlds level, ranking 53 in the world. The major p

15、roven per man deposit of mineral resources is not up to 1/4 of the average world level. q 礦物能源結(jié)構(gòu)不良，優(yōu)質(zhì)能源少。大型礦床和容礦物能源結(jié)構(gòu)不良，優(yōu)質(zhì)能源少。大型礦床和容易選冶的礦產(chǎn)地少，中小礦和共生伴生礦多。探易選冶的礦產(chǎn)地少，中小礦和共生伴生礦多。探明礦產(chǎn)中，明礦產(chǎn)中，1/3在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件下難利用。在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件下難利用。 The mineral energy is of poor structure, lack of good quality energy. Large-sized mi

16、neral beds and easy selecting and smelting mineral lands are little, but there are many medium-sized and paragenous and associated mines. Among the proven minerals, 1/3 are very difficult to utilize under existing economic and technical conditions. 已探明儲(chǔ)量的已探明儲(chǔ)量的159種礦產(chǎn)分類(lèi)表種礦產(chǎn)分類(lèi)表159 minerals with identi

17、fied resources and reserves in China in 2006種類(lèi)種類(lèi) kind名名 稱稱 name能源礦產(chǎn)（能源礦產(chǎn)（10種種)10 energy minerals煤、石油、天然氣煤、石油、天然氣、煤層氣、天然瀝青、油頁(yè)巖、石煤、煤層氣、天然瀝青、油頁(yè)巖、石煤、鈾、釷、地?zé)徕?、釷、地?zé)峤饘俚V產(chǎn)（金屬礦產(chǎn)（54種）種）54 metallic minerals 鐵鐵、錳錳、鉻鉻、釩、釩、鈦、銅、鉛、鋅、鋁土、鈦、銅、鉛、鋅、鋁土、鎂、鎂、鎳、鈷、鎳、鈷、鎢、錫鎢、錫、鉍、鉍、鉬鉬、汞、汞、銻、鉑族金屬銻、鉑族金屬（鉑、鈀、銥、銠、鉑、鈀、銥、銠、鋨、釕）、金、銀鋨、釕）

18、、金、銀、鈮、鉭、鈹、鋰、鋯、鈮、鉭、鈹、鋰、鋯、鍶鍶、銣、銫、銣、銫、釔、釔、 鏑、鈰、鑭、鐠、釹、釤、銪、鍺、鎵、銦、鉈、鏑、鈰、鑭、鐠、釹、釤、銪、鍺、鎵、銦、鉈、錸、鎘等錸、鎘等非金屬礦產(chǎn)（非金屬礦產(chǎn)（92種）種）92 nonmetallic minerals金剛石、石墨、硫鐵礦金剛石、石墨、硫鐵礦、透輝石、明礬石、透輝石、明礬石、重晶石、芒重晶石、芒硝、菱鎂礦硝、菱鎂礦、水泥灰?guī)r水泥灰?guī)r、砂巖、砂巖、硅藻土、高嶺土、膨潤(rùn)硅藻土、高嶺土、膨潤(rùn)土、耐火粘土土、耐火粘土、碘、溴、砷、碘、溴、砷、硼礦、磷礦、稀土、硫、硼礦、磷礦、稀土、硫、鉀、石棉、石膏、滑石、石材、硅灰石、玻璃硅質(zhì)原料、鉀

19、、石棉、石膏、滑石、石材、硅灰石、玻璃硅質(zhì)原料、水晶、云母、剛玉等水晶、云母、剛玉等其他水氣礦產(chǎn)（其他水氣礦產(chǎn)（3種）種） mineral water, groundwater and carbon dioxide gas礦泉水、地下水、二氧化碳?xì)獾V泉水、地下水、二氧化碳?xì)庵袊?guó)海洋資源種類(lèi)繁多。其中，海洋石油資源量約中國(guó)海洋資源種類(lèi)繁多。其中，海洋石油資源量約240240億噸，天然氣資源量?jī)|噸，天然氣資源量1414萬(wàn)億立方米，濱海砂礦資源儲(chǔ)萬(wàn)億立方米，濱海砂礦資源儲(chǔ)量量3131億噸，海洋可再生能源理論蘊(yùn)藏量?jī)|噸，海洋可再生能源理論蘊(yùn)藏量6.36.3億千瓦，水億千瓦，水深深0 0至至1515米的

20、淺海面積米的淺海面積12.412.4萬(wàn)平方千米。萬(wàn)平方千米。China has many types of marine resources. Among them, the amount of marine petroleum resources is about 24 billion tons, that of natural gas resources is about 14 trillion m3, coastal sand mineral resources deposit is 3.1 billion tons and the theoretical ocean reproduci

21、ble energy deposit is about 0.63 billion kilowatts, the shallow sea area with water depth from 0 to 15 m is about 124 thousand km2. （二）國(guó)土資源在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展（二）國(guó)土資源在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用中發(fā)揮了重要作用The land and resources played an important role in promoting development of economic society嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地，對(duì)保障國(guó)家糧食安全和維護(hù)社嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地，對(duì)

22、保障國(guó)家糧食安全和維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。耕地為中國(guó)農(nóng)民提供了會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。耕地為中國(guó)農(nóng)民提供了60%的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和6080%的生活必需品。土地供應(yīng)有力的生活必需品。土地供應(yīng)有力支持了城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，保證了國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。支持了城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，保證了國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。Strictly protecting cultivated land has played an important role in guaranteeing national grain safety and safeguarding social stability. The cultivated land

23、in China provides farmers 40 to 60% of economic incomes and 60 to 80% of life necessities. The land supply has strongly supported the urban and rural construction and guaranteed the need of national economic development. 礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國(guó)90%90%左右的能源、左右的能源、80%80%以上的工業(yè)原材料、以上的工業(yè)原材料

24、、70%70%以上以上的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料和的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料和30%30%以上的生活用水來(lái)自礦產(chǎn)資以上的生活用水來(lái)自礦產(chǎn)資源，有力地支持了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。源，有力地支持了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。The mineral resource is an important material base of economic development. About 90% of Chinas energy, over 80% of industrial raw material, over 70% of agricultural production material and over 30% of livin

25、g water come from mineral resources that has strongly supported the national economy and social development.海洋日益成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要空間和資源海洋日益成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要空間和資源寶庫(kù)，海洋資源在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用日益顯寶庫(kù)，海洋資源在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用日益顯著，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。著，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。The ocean is increasingly becoming the important space and resource trea

26、sure-house for the development of economic society. The role of ocean resources in development of Chinas economic society increasingly obvious and the marine economy has become the new economic growth point. The total output value of Chinas main marine industries The total output value and the ratio

27、 of added value to GDPThe total output value and the ratio of added value to GDP（三）土地、礦產(chǎn)資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展（三）土地、礦產(chǎn)資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾加劇的矛盾加劇 The contradiction between land, mineral resources and economic development is agravated土地方面，耕地面積大量減少。土地粗放利土地方面，耕地面積大量減少。土地粗放利用的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍，進(jìn)一步加劇了土地供用的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍，進(jìn)一步加劇了土地供求矛盾。求矛盾。 the

28、 cultivated land area greatly decreased. The phenomenon of extensive utilization of land also existed widely, which further deteriorated the contradiction between the supply and demand of the land. 2001-20062001-2006年全國(guó)耕地面積變化情況年全國(guó)耕地面積變化情況The changing of cultivated land area 2001-2006 year 7 7年內(nèi)，全國(guó)凈減

29、少耕地上億畝。年內(nèi)，全國(guó)凈減少耕地上億畝。 礦產(chǎn)供需矛盾進(jìn)一步加劇。礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用粗礦產(chǎn)供需矛盾進(jìn)一步加劇。礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用粗放和破壞浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。礦山放和破壞浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。礦山“小、散、多小、散、多”問(wèn)題突問(wèn)題突出，礦產(chǎn)資源總回收率、共伴生礦的利用率低。出，礦產(chǎn)資源總回收率、共伴生礦的利用率低。In the aspect of mineral resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of minerals has been further worsened. The phenomenon of extensive develop

30、ment and utilization, sabotage and waste of mineral resources was worsening. The problems of “small, disperse and excessive” mines stood out. The total recovery ratio and availability of common associated minerals of mineral resource were low. 石油生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)狀況石油生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)狀況the output and consumption of oil in C

31、hina 1990-2006礦產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口總額Chinas total trade volume of mineral commodities 海洋資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用程度還不高，海洋調(diào)查勘探程度低，海洋資源開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)度與不足并存，近岸海域污染和海洋災(zāi)害損失嚴(yán)重。The level of exploitation and use of marine resources were still not high while the marine survey level was still low. The over exploitation and lack of exploitation of marine

32、 resources coexist. The off-shore sea water areas were seriously polluted and serious loss was suffered from marine disasters. 二、中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理體系The Management System of Chinas Land and Resources（一）國(guó)土資源部的管理職能（一）國(guó)土資源部的管理職能The Management Function of Ministry of Land and Resources of China 中國(guó)國(guó)土資源部組建于1998年，主要

33、職能是：土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源的規(guī)劃、管理、保護(hù)與合理利用。 The Ministry of Land and Resources of China was set up in 1998, The major function of Ministry of Land and Resources is: planning, management, protection and rational utilization of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources. 國(guó)土資源部的主要職責(zé)包括國(guó)土資源部

34、的主要職責(zé)包括12項(xiàng)：項(xiàng)： The Ministry of Land and Resources has following 12 major responsibilities: 1. 擬定有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，發(fā)布土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海擬定有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，發(fā)布土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源管理的規(guī)章；研究擬定管理、保洋資源等自然資源管理的規(guī)章；研究擬定管理、保護(hù)與合理利用土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源政策；護(hù)與合理利用土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源政策；制訂土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)制訂土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范和辦法。準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范和辦法。 To ena

35、ct relevant laws and regulations and promulgate the rules governing the management of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources to develop policies regarding the management, protection and rational utilization of land, mineral and marine resources; to formulate the technical crite

36、ria, rules, standards and measures for land, mineral and marine resources; 2. 組織編制和實(shí)施國(guó)土規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃和其他專(zhuān)項(xiàng)組織編制和實(shí)施國(guó)土規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃和其他專(zhuān)項(xiàng)規(guī)劃；參與報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院審批的城市總體規(guī)劃的審核，指導(dǎo)、規(guī)劃；參與報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院審批的城市總體規(guī)劃的審核，指導(dǎo)、審核地方土地利用總體規(guī)劃；組織礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的審核地方土地利用總體規(guī)劃；組織礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)，編制礦產(chǎn)資源和海洋資源保護(hù)與合理利用規(guī)劃、調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)，編制礦產(chǎn)資源和海洋資源保護(hù)與合理利用規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)勘查規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治和地質(zhì)遺跡保護(hù)

37、規(guī)劃。地質(zhì)勘查規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治和地質(zhì)遺跡保護(hù)規(guī)劃。 To compile and implement the national comprehensive planning for land and resources, overall plan for land use and other specific plans; to participate in the examination and verification of urban overall plans submitted to the State Council for approval, instruct and veri

38、fy local overall plans for land use; to organize the survey and evaluation of mineral and marine resources; to develop plans for the protection and rational utilization of mineral and marine resources, for geological survey, for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and for the protect

39、ion of geological remains; 3. 監(jiān)督檢查各級(jí)國(guó)土資源主管部門(mén)行政執(zhí)法和土地、監(jiān)督檢查各級(jí)國(guó)土資源主管部門(mén)行政執(zhí)法和土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源規(guī)劃執(zhí)行情況；依法保護(hù)土地、礦礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源規(guī)劃執(zhí)行情況；依法保護(hù)土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源所有者和使用者的合法權(quán)益，承辦并產(chǎn)、海洋資源所有者和使用者的合法權(quán)益，承辦并組織調(diào)處重大權(quán)屬糾紛，查處重大違法案件。組織調(diào)處重大權(quán)屬糾紛，查處重大違法案件。 To supervise and inspect the law enforcement of the departments for land and resources management

40、 at various levels and the implementation of plans for land, mineral and marine resources; to protect the lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of land, mineral and marine resources according to the law, to undertake and organize the arbitration of major disputes over rights and owners

41、hip and the investigation of major law-breaking cases; To develop and implement policies on special protection of cultivated land and encouraging the development of cultivated land; to enforce the control over the different purposes on agricultural land; to organize the protection of capital farmlan

42、d; to instruct the development of unused land and cultivated land, the land revitalization and reclamation and supervise the development of cultivated land, so as to ensure the increase of cultivated land without any decrease.4. 4. 擬定實(shí)施耕地特殊保護(hù)和鼓勵(lì)耕地開(kāi)發(fā)政策，實(shí)施農(nóng)地用途擬定實(shí)施耕地特殊保護(hù)和鼓勵(lì)耕地開(kāi)發(fā)政策，實(shí)施農(nóng)地用途管制，組織基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)，指導(dǎo)未利

43、用土地開(kāi)發(fā)、土地整理、土管制，組織基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)，指導(dǎo)未利用土地開(kāi)發(fā)、土地整理、土地復(fù)墾和開(kāi)發(fā)耕地的監(jiān)督工作，確保耕地面積只能增加、不能減地復(fù)墾和開(kāi)發(fā)耕地的監(jiān)督工作，確保耕地面積只能增加、不能減少。少。 5. 制訂地籍管理辦法，組織土地資源凋查、地藉調(diào)查、制訂地籍管理辦法，組織土地資源凋查、地藉調(diào)查、土地統(tǒng)計(jì)和動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)；指導(dǎo)土地確權(quán)、城鄉(xiāng)地籍、土土地統(tǒng)計(jì)和動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)；指導(dǎo)土地確權(quán)、城鄉(xiāng)地籍、土地定級(jí)和登記等工作。地定級(jí)和登記等工作。 To formulate cadastral management regulation; to organize land and resources survey

44、, cadastral survey, land statistics and dynamic monitoring; to instruct the works on land titles, urban and rural land recording, land grading and registration; 6. 擬定并按規(guī)定組織實(shí)施土地使用權(quán)出讓、租賃、作價(jià)出資、擬定并按規(guī)定組織實(shí)施土地使用權(quán)出讓、租賃、作價(jià)出資、轉(zhuǎn)讓、交易和政府收購(gòu)管理辦法，制訂國(guó)有土地劃撥使用轉(zhuǎn)讓、交易和政府收購(gòu)管理辦法，制訂國(guó)有土地劃撥使用目錄指南和鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）村用地管理辦法，指導(dǎo)農(nóng)村集體非農(nóng)目錄指南和鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）

45、村用地管理辦法，指導(dǎo)農(nóng)村集體非農(nóng)土地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)管理。土地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)管理。 To develop and organize to implement the regulations for the assignment, lease, evaluation, transfer, transaction and governmental purchasing of the right to use the land; to work out catalogue guideline for the allocation of the state-owned land and management

46、 measures on the land for villages and townships usage, to instruct the transfer of right to use non-agricultural land owned by rural collectives. 7.指導(dǎo)基準(zhǔn)地價(jià)、標(biāo)定地價(jià)評(píng)測(cè)，審定評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)從事土地評(píng)估的資格，確認(rèn)土地使用權(quán)價(jià)格。承擔(dān)報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院審批的各類(lèi)用地的審查報(bào)批工作。 To administrate the evaluation of reference and standard land prices, verify and assess t

47、he qualification of organizations engaging in land evaluation and appraisal, confirm the price of land-use right; to undertake the verification and approval of applications for various land utilization submitted to State Council for approval. 8.依法管理礦產(chǎn)資源探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)的審批登記發(fā)證和轉(zhuǎn)讓審批登記；依法審批對(duì)外合作區(qū)塊；承擔(dān)礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)量管理工作，管

48、理地質(zhì)資料匯交； To administer the approval, registration and licensing of the rights to explore and to mine the mineral resources and the rights to transfer them according to the law; to verify and approve the blocks for cooperation with foreign investment according to law; to undertake the management of m

49、ineral resource reserves and the collection and compilation of geological data; 9.組織監(jiān)測(cè)、防治地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和保護(hù)地質(zhì)遺跡；依法管理水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)、環(huán)境地質(zhì)勘查和評(píng)價(jià)工作。 To organize the monitoring prevention and mitigation of geological disasters and the protection of geological remains; to supervise the hydrogeological, engineering and env

50、ironmental geological explorations and evaluations according to law; 10.安排并監(jiān)督檢查國(guó)家財(cái)政撥給的地勘費(fèi)和國(guó)家財(cái)政撥給的其他資金。 To arrange, supervise and inspect the use of geological exploration funds allocated by the state and other funds allocated through state finance.11.組織開(kāi)展土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的對(duì)外合作與交流。 To organize and carry

51、 out international cooperation and experience exchange on land, mineral and marine resources. 12. 承辦國(guó)務(wù)院交辦的其他事項(xiàng)。 To fulfill other duties assigned by the State Council. （二）國(guó)土資源管理制度（二）國(guó)土資源管理制度Management System of Land and Resources 當(dāng)前中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理制度的核心當(dāng)前中國(guó)國(guó)土資源管理制度的核心是土地資源管理和礦產(chǎn)資源管理。是土地資源管理和礦產(chǎn)資源管理。Presently,

52、the core of management system of land and resources of China is the land and mineral resources management. 土地資源管理的基本制度：中國(guó)實(shí)行土地社會(huì)主土地資源管理的基本制度：中國(guó)實(shí)行土地社會(huì)主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。實(shí)行義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。實(shí)行土地有償使用、土地用途管制、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用、建設(shè)用地土地有償使用、土地用途管制、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用、建設(shè)用地統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)制度。統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)制度。The content of the fundamental system on

53、land resource management is: China implements socialist public ownership, namely, the ownership by the whole people and the collective ownership of mass laborers. She enforces systems of compensable use and utilization control of land, usage transfer of agricultural land and unitively supply of cons

54、truction land形成了土地利用總體規(guī)劃、土地利用年度計(jì)劃、農(nóng)用形成了土地利用總體規(guī)劃、土地利用年度計(jì)劃、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批、土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國(guó)家土地總地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批、土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國(guó)家土地總督察等一系列具體的管理制度。督察等一系列具體的管理制度。form a series of management systems such as the comprehensive and annual plans for land utilization, usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation and approval

55、 of land, supervision on law enforcement and national land general supervision. 土地利用總體規(guī)劃是城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、土地管理的綱土地利用總體規(guī)劃是城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、土地管理的綱領(lǐng)性文件，是加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控、發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)配置土地資源基領(lǐng)性文件，是加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控、發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)配置土地資源基礎(chǔ)性作用的重要前提，是實(shí)行土地用途管制、落實(shí)最嚴(yán)礎(chǔ)性作用的重要前提，是實(shí)行土地用途管制、落實(shí)最嚴(yán)格的土地管理制度的基本手段。格的土地管理制度的基本手段。the comprehensive plans of land utilization is the progr

56、ammatic document for urban and rural construction and land management, the important premise for strengthening macro regulation and control and playing the basic role of market configuration of land resources and the means for implementing land-use control and putting in effect the most strictest la

57、nd management system.土地利用年度計(jì)劃是國(guó)家對(duì)計(jì)劃年度農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)土地利用年度計(jì)劃是國(guó)家對(duì)計(jì)劃年度農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用量、土地開(kāi)發(fā)整理補(bǔ)充耕地量和耕地保有量的具體安用量、土地開(kāi)發(fā)整理補(bǔ)充耕地量和耕地保有量的具體安排，它既是實(shí)施土地利用總體規(guī)劃的重要手段，又是用排，它既是實(shí)施土地利用總體規(guī)劃的重要手段，又是用地審批的重要依據(jù)。地審批的重要依據(jù)。The annual plan for land use is the practical arrangement of the amount of annual transferred volume of agricultural land, am

58、ount of the land exploitation, arrangement and supplementation of cultivated land and the amount of retained cultivated land. This plan acts as not only an important means to enforce comprehensive land plans, but also the important basis for land use verification and approval. 農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批是土地利用總體規(guī)劃和

59、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批是土地利用總體規(guī)劃和土地利用年度計(jì)劃得以落實(shí)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是土地供應(yīng)土地利用年度計(jì)劃得以落實(shí)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是土地供應(yīng)的的“閘門(mén)閘門(mén)”。 The verification and approval of usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation of land is the key link that the comprehensive plan for the verification and approval of transfer of agricultural land and land expropr

60、iation and the annual plan for land use. It is also the “gate valve” of land supply. 土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國(guó)家土地總督察是土地政土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國(guó)家土地總督察是土地政策得以貫徹落實(shí)的重要保障。策得以貫徹落實(shí)的重要保障。The law enforcing police for the land and national land general supervisor is the important guarantee for implementing land policy. 礦產(chǎn)資源管理基本制度內(nèi)容：礦產(chǎn)資源管理基本