最實(shí)用的翻譯策略

1、最實(shí)用的翻譯策略-漢英翻譯八條“戒律”英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者一般愿做英譯漢題目，怵做漢譯英題目。由于歷史和文化上的差異，漢英詞語(yǔ)之間存在著或顯或隱的翻譯上的陷阱，導(dǎo)致漢譯英(CE)遠(yuǎn)比英譯漢(EC)易于出錯(cuò)。用魯迅的話說(shuō)，就是“詞典不離手，冷汗不離身。”這提醒譯者必須對(duì)這些差異心中有數(shù)，然后再調(diào)和這些差異，“擺平”這些差異。為此，要邁好下面八道坎兒，時(shí)刻要留心這八條“戒律”只想為你擦亮滿天星光，以免在熟路上“迷失方向”。一、戒“從一而終” 漢語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，句子靈活，往往是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)N個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞匯，具體到在本句中應(yīng)該采用那個(gè)意項(xiàng)，務(wù)必抓住精神實(shí)質(zhì)，不可以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。至于怎么應(yīng)變，這就是顯示譯者功力的地方了

2、。比如：都是“問(wèn)題”，下面的翻譯各不相同，幾乎是打一槍換一個(gè)地方。共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題questions of common interest解決問(wèn)題olve a problem問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵the heart of the matter關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題a key problem原則問(wèn)題a question/ matter of principle懸而未決的問(wèn)題an outstanding issue沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。Without any mishap摩托車有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。Something is wrong with the motorcycle.問(wèn)題不在這里。That is not the point.最近揭發(fā)出相

3、當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的貪污、受賄和官僚主義問(wèn)題。Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, and bureaucracy have been brought to light recently.譯者要掌握這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)”，翻譯家應(yīng)是不同“文化王國(guó)”邊境線上的“游擊戰(zhàn)略家”。沙博里將水滸傳譯為：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼澤地上的亡命之徒)。楊憲益譯將屈原的國(guó)殤譯為：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社將儒林外史譯為：The Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作。二、戒望文生義，

4、機(jī)械直譯 這多半是初學(xué)者犯的毛病，他們易于被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑，做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。黃牛（yellow cowox前誤后正，下同）與黃鸝（yellow bird oriole）從小青梅竹馬(green plum bamboo horsegrew up together)，黃牛喜歡青稞(green seedling highland barley)、黃瓜( yellow meloncucumber、紫菜（purple vegetable laver）、白菜( white vegetable Chinese cabbage)，黃鸝喜歡紫薇(purple rose crape myrtle)、紅木(

5、red woodpad auk)、紅豆杉(red firChinese yew)。黑社會(huì)(black society sinister gang)的黑猩猩(black orangutan chimpanzee)用黑話(black wordargot)給他們作了紅娘(red mothermatchmaker)。二者選了個(gè)猴年馬月的黃道吉日(yellow waylucky day)，在長(zhǎng)滿蘭花(blue flowerorchid)、紫丁香(purple cloverlilac)紫茉莉(purple jasmine four-oclock)的綠洲( green continent oasis)上，舉

6、行了別開(kāi)生面的婚禮。雙雙當(dāng)場(chǎng)交換了禮物，黃牛給黃鸝的禮物是藍(lán)寶石(blue gem sapphire)、紅寶石(red gemruby)；黃鸝給黃牛的是白話(white word vernacular)水滸、白蘭地(white blue land brandy)。他們從此紅運(yùn)(red fortune good luck)當(dāng)頭，青云直上(blue cloud soar higher and higher)。 （選自艾臨每天幽它一默）三、戒“水土不符”，習(xí)慣搭配失當(dāng) 這的確是難度系數(shù)較大的問(wèn)題，它要求譯者既有較高的中文修養(yǎng)，又要有較高的英文造詣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻車”，甚至大家也難免有閃失。

7、白洋淀的導(dǎo)游牌上，“紅菱”被硬硬地翻譯成Red Ling。菱角有對(duì)應(yīng)詞的，應(yīng)改為Red WaterChestnut。這里常常有外國(guó)人參觀，如此翻譯，令人汗顏！ 下面的幾段譯文就較好地照顧到了西方人的思維和理解習(xí)慣。老者道：“西方卻去不得。那山離此有六十里遠(yuǎn)，正是西方必由之路。卻有八百里火焰，周圍寸草不生，若過(guò)此山，就是銅腦蓋，鐵身軀，也要化成汁哩。”“Its impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross

8、 them to get to the west, but theyre over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them.” （詹納爾譯西游記孫悟空一調(diào)芭蕉扇）美國(guó)把貿(mào)易和人權(quán)扯在一起，只會(huì)損害兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only

9、 bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)搞建設(shè)是不成的，中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界。China cant develop in isolation from the rest of the world.四、戒主語(yǔ)暗淡 主語(yǔ)是句子的靈魂， 定住譯文的主語(yǔ)的是關(guān)鍵性一步棋。主語(yǔ)定偏了，整個(gè)句子將顯得松散乏力，甚至誤導(dǎo)讀者。如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題不解決，勢(shì)必影響兩國(guó)的利益。Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two count

10、ries seriously.If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries在上面的兩種譯文中，顯然第一種譯文主語(yǔ)選得好，句子流暢。共同的利益把我們兩個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家連接在一起。Any day will do? 哪一天都可以？ Any messages for me? 有我的留言嗎？ Are you by yourself? 你一個(gè)人來(lái)嗎？ All right with you? 你沒(méi)有問(wèn)題吧？ Are you free tomorrow? 明天有空嗎？ Are

11、you kidding me? 你在跟我開(kāi)玩笑吧？ As soon as possible! 盡可能快！ Back in a moment! 馬上回來(lái)！ Believe it or not! 信不信由你！ Better luck next time! 下次會(huì)更好！ Boy will be boys 本性難移！ Come to the point! 有話直說(shuō)！ Do you accept plastic? 收不收行用卡？ Does it keep long? 可以保存嗎？ Dont be so fussy! 別挑剔了！ Dont count on me! 別指望我！ Dont fall for

12、it! 不要上當(dāng)！ Dont get me wrong! 你搞錯(cuò)了！ Dont give me that! 少來(lái)這套！ Dont let me down! 別讓我失望！ Dont lose your head! 別樂(lè)昏了頭！ Dont over do it! 別做過(guò)頭了！ Dont sit there daydreaming! 別閑著做白日夢(mèng)！ Dont stand on ceremony! 別太拘束！ Drop me a line! 要寫(xiě)信給我！Easy come easy go! 來(lái)得容易去得也快！ First come first served! 先到先得！ Get a move on!

13、 快點(diǎn)吧！ Get off my back! 不要嘲笑我！ Give him the works! 給他點(diǎn)教訓(xùn)！ Give me a break! 饒了我吧！ Give me a hand! 幫我一個(gè)忙！ Great minds think alike! 英雄所見(jiàn)略同！ Ill treat you to lunch. 午餐我請(qǐng)你！ In one ear, out the other ear. 一耳進(jìn)，一耳出！ Im spaced-out! 我開(kāi)小差了！ I beg your pardon! 請(qǐng)你再說(shuō)一遍！ I cant afford that! 我付不起！ I cant follow you!

14、 我不懂你說(shuō)的！ I cant help it! 我情不自禁！ I couldnt reach him! 我聯(lián)絡(luò)不上他！ I cross my heart! 我發(fā)誓是真的！ I dont mean it! 我不是故意的！ I feel very miserable! 我好沮喪！ I have no choice! 我別無(wú)選擇了！ I watch my money! 視財(cái)如命！ Ill be in touch! 保持聯(lián)絡(luò)！ Ill check it out! 我去看看！ Ill show you around! 我?guī)闼奶幑涔洌?Ill see to it! 我會(huì)留意的！ Im crazy fo

15、r you! 我為你瘋狂！ You make me jump! 你下了我一跳！ Make up your mind. 作個(gè)決定吧！ Make yourself at home! 就當(dāng)在家一樣！ My mouth is watering! 我要流口水了！ Never heard of it! 沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)！ Nice talking to you! 很高興和你聊天！ No doubt about it! 勿庸置疑！ No pain no gain! 不經(jīng)一事，不長(zhǎng)一智！ None of your business! 要你管？ There is nothing on your business! 這沒(méi)

16、你的事！ Now you are really talking! 說(shuō)得對(duì)！ Please dont rush me! 請(qǐng)不要吹促我！ Please keep me informed! 請(qǐng)一定要通知我！ She looks blue today. 她今天很憂郁！ She is under the weather. 她心情不好！ So far, so good. 過(guò)得去Speaking of the devil! 一說(shuō)曹操，曹操就到！ Stay away from me! 離我遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)！ Stay on the ball! 集中注意力！ That makes no difference. 不都一樣嗎

17、？ Thats a touchy issue! 這是個(gè)辣手得問(wèn)題！ Thats always the case! 習(xí)以為常！ Thats going too far! 這太離譜了！ Thats more like that! 這才象話嘛！ The answer is zero! 白忙了！ The dice is cast! 已成定局了！ The same as usual! 一如既往！ The walls have ears! 隔墻有耳！ There you go again! 你又來(lái)了！ Time is running out! 沒(méi)有時(shí)間了！Greetings 問(wèn)候語(yǔ)1. Hello. 你好

18、！2. Good morning. 早上好。3. I am Kate Green. 我是凱特格林。4. Are you Tom Brown? 你是湯姆布朗嗎？5. Yes, I am. 是的，我是。6. How do you do? 你好！How do you do? 你好！7. How are you? 你好嗎？Fine, thanks. 很好，謝謝。8. How is your mother? 你媽媽好嗎？9. She is very well, thank you. 她很好，謝謝你。10. Good afternoon. 午安。11. Good evening. 晚上好。12. Good

19、 night. 晚安。13. Good-bye. 再見(jiàn)。14. See you in the evening. 晚上見(jiàn)。15. So long. 再見(jiàn)。Classroom expressions 課堂用語(yǔ)16. Stand up, please. 請(qǐng)站起來(lái)。17. Sit down, please. 請(qǐng)坐下。18. I am sorry. I am late. May I come in? 對(duì)不起，我遲到了，我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？19. Come in, please. 請(qǐng)進(jìn)。20. Open your books, please. 請(qǐng)打開(kāi)書(shū)本。21. Close your books, please

20、. 請(qǐng)把書(shū)合上。22. Do you understand? 你明白了嗎？23. Yes, I see. 是的，我明白了。24. No, I dont quite understand. 不，我不大明白。25. Listen to me and then repeat. 聽(tīng)我讀，然后重復(fù)一遍。26. Look at the blackboard, please. 請(qǐng)看黑板。27. Read after me, please. 請(qǐng)跟我讀。28. This is Lesson Two. 這是第二課。29. Its time to begin. 是開(kāi)始的時(shí)候了。30. Class is over.

21、下課。Identifying objects 辨別物品31. Whats this? 這是什么？32. This is a pencil. 這是一支鉛筆。33. Is this your book? 這是你的書(shū)嗎？34. No, it is Mikes. 不，這是麥克的書(shū)。35. Whose pen is this? 這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆？ 36. Its mine. 它是我的。37. Whats that? 那是什么？38. Is that a ruler? 那是一把尺子嗎？39. No, it isnt. 不，不是。40. Its a TV. 那是一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。41. Is this cup you

22、rs? 這個(gè)茶杯是你的嗎？42. Yes, it is mine. 是的，是我的。43. Where is the store? 商店在哪里？44. It is over there. 它在那邊。45. Is this picture his? 這張圖片是他的嗎？46. What are these? 這些是什么？47. These are horses. 這些是馬。48. Where are the sheep? 綿羊在哪里？49. There they are. 它們?cè)谀抢铩?0. These are her books. 這些是她的書(shū)。 51. Where are your trousers? 你的褲子在哪里？52. They are here. 它們?cè)谶@里。53. Are they Jacks cakes? 那些是杰克的蛋糕嗎？54. No, they arent. 不，不是。55. Those are y