中醫(yī)英語期末復習

1、U1 Traditional Chinese Medicine：History and Development1. 四大經(jīng)典：黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)：Huangdis Cannon of Medicine難 經(jīng)： Classic of Difficulties傷寒雜病論：Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)：Shengnongs Classic of Materia Medica2. 金元四大家（four great medical schools in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties）及學術(shù)觀點、學派劉完素Sc

2、hool of Cold and Cool。 believed that “fireheat”was the main cause of a variety of diseases and these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature。張從正School of Purgation。 believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors shou

3、ld be driven out by means of diaphoresis,emesis and purgation。李 杲School of Reinforcing the Earth。 held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and s

4、tomach。（內(nèi)傷脾胃，百病由生溫補脾胃）朱震亨School of Nourishing Yin。 Believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient”and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases。3. 中醫(yī)的內(nèi)容：針灸：acupuncture moxibustion 拔罐：cupping therapy 刮痧：skin scraping冥想：meditation 推

5、拿：Tui na&massage 正氣：healthy qi 食療：dietetic therapy 理療：physiotherapy 放療：radiotherapy 化療：chemotherapy 保?。篽ealth-care 整體觀：holistic view 整體觀念：concept of holism辨證論治：treatment based on syndrome differentiation治療原則：therapeutic principles 溫補脾胃：warming and tonifying the spleen and stomach寒涼藥物：drugs cold and

6、cool in nature 滋陰降火： nourishing yin and reducing fire 五行學說：the theory of five elements 瘀血致?。篸iseases caused by blood stagnation中醫(yī)四診：the four diagnostic methods 四氣五味：four properties and five flavors中西醫(yī)結(jié)合：integration of Chinese and Western medicine 方劑：formula汗法：sweating method 下法：purgative method 方劑學：

7、Chinese medical formula4. -ology學科、研究心理學：psychology 生理學：physiology 病理學：pathology 病因?qū)W：etiology婦科學：gynecology 產(chǎn)科學：tocology 皮膚科學：dermatology5. 七情：Seven Relation of Medicinal Compatibility單行：going alone 相須：mutual 相使：assistance 相畏：toxicity restraint相殺：detoxication 相惡：effect inhibition 相反：negative effect

8、inducing6. 中醫(yī)與西醫(yī)的區(qū)別：A、理論基礎 B、診斷方式 C、治療方法A、 中醫(yī)理論基礎；西醫(yī)理論基礎：生理學、病理學B、 中醫(yī)診斷：四診（）；西醫(yī)：借助輔助檢查CT、MRIC、 中醫(yī)治療：中藥、針灸、拔罐、食療etc；西醫(yī)治療：注射、手術(shù)、U3 The Theory of Yin and Yang1. 陰陽的定義及各自屬性Definition：Yin and Yang are the summarization of attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature。Yi

9、n：static dark cold substantial（物質(zhì)）dimness stillness Yang：dynamic bright hot functional brightness movement了藥味:Yangacrid（辛）sweet bland（淡） Yin sour（酸）bitter salty 了藥性:Yangdispersing（散） ascending（上升）floating Yin astringent（收斂）descending sinking2. 陰陽學說的四種關(guān)系 陰陽對立：Yin and Yang opposed each other 陰陽互根：Yin

10、and Yang depend on each other 陰陽消長：Yin and Yang wane and wax between each other 陰陽轉(zhuǎn)化：Yin and Yang transform between each other3. 重陰必陽，重陽必陰：Extreme yin turns into yang and extreme yang turns into yin。寒極生熱，熱極生寒：Extreme cold brings on heat and extreme heat brings on cold。素問曰：陰平陽秘，精神乃治；陰陽離決，精神乃治The equi

11、librium of Yin and yang makes the vitality well-conserved；the divorce of Yin and yang （makes the）essence-qi exhausted。陽勝則熱，陰勝則寒；陽虛則寒，因虛則熱；陽損及陰，陰損及陽Yang excess leads to heat syndrome while Yin excess causes cold syndrome；Yang deficiency results in cold syndrome while Yin deficiency causes heat syndro

12、me；Yang deficiency affects Yin while Yin deficiency affects Yang。善診者，必先察色按脈，以別陰陽：A skilled diagnostician ，first of all，differentiates between yin and yang when observing the complexion and feeling the pulse。4. 者之：treatingwith實者泄之：treating excess syndrome with purgation。purging excess虛者補之：treating de

13、ficiency syndrome with invigoration invigorating deficiencyU4 The Theory of Five Elements1. 五行定義：The five elements refer to wood、fire、earth、metal and water as well as their motion and changes in natural world。2. 五行屬性：木曰曲直：Wood is the bending and straighting（growth、development and free activity）火曰炎上：

14、Fire is the flaming up （warmth、heat、ascending、brightness ）土爰稼穡：earth is the sowing and reaping（reception、cultivation、transformation）金曰從革：Metal is the working of change（change、depuration、astringency）水曰潤下：Water is the moistening and flowing downward（cold、coolness、closure、storage）3. 五行關(guān)系：相生：generation

15、相克：restriction 相乘：over-restriction 相侮：counter-restriction母子關(guān)系：mother-child relationship 4. 五行生克順序：生：wood generates fire，fire generates earth，earth generates metal，metal generates water，and water in turn，generates wood?？耍簑ood restricts earth，earth restricts water5. 五行與五臟關(guān)系： liverwood heartfire spleen

16、earth lungmetal kindywaterU6 The Five Zang-Organs1. 五臟生理功能 心（heart）：The main physiological function of the heart are to control the blood and vessels and govern the mind。（主要生理功能為主血脈，主神志） 肺（lung）：The main physiological function of the lung are to dominate qi and control respiration，govern ascent，disp

17、ersion，purification and descent as well as regulate water passage。 脾（spleen）：The main physiological function of the spleen are to govern transportation and transformation，control blood and dominate muscles and limbs，open into the mouth and associate with thought in emotion and slobber in secretion。（

18、主運化、統(tǒng)血、四肢肌肉、開竅于口，在志為思，在液為涎）肝（liver）：The main physiological function of the liver are to store blood ，govern free flow qi，control tendons and open into the eyes。（藏血，主疏泄，主筋，開竅于母）腎（kidney）：The main physiological function of the kidney are to store essence，control growth development and reproduction，gov

19、ern water，receive qi and open into the ears，anus and urethra。（主藏精，主生長、發(fā)育、生殖和水液代謝，主納氣，開竅于耳和二陰）2. 開竅于：open into3. 與相表里（be exteriorly and interiorly related）Heart and small intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related。（心&小腸）Lung and large intestine spleen and stomach liver and gallbladder kidney and

20、 bladder4. 脾虛表現(xiàn)：食欲不振：poor appetite 腹脹：abdominal distension 便溏：loose stool 疲乏：lassitude消瘦：emaciation 營養(yǎng)不良：malnutrition 出血：hemorrhage 紫癜：purpura便血：bloody stool 血尿：hematuria 面色萎黃：a sallow complexion5. 腎陰虛：耳鳴：tinnitus 眠差：poor sleep 頭暈：dizziness 記憶力差：poor memory瘙癢：spasm 四肢麻木：numbness of the four limbs 視力模糊： blumed vision 月經(jīng)量少：oligomenorrhoea 閉經(jīng)：amenorrhoea6. 心虛：U11 Etiology1. 病因?qū)W定義：2